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The Younger Saxony: The Duchy and the Electorate


The new dukes replaced the Saxon horse emblem and introduced their Ascanian family colours and emblem  added by a bendwise crancelin, symbolising the Saxon ducal crown, as new coat-of-arms of Saxony. The later rulers of the House of Wettin adopted the Ascanian coat-of-arms.

Partitions of Saxony under Ascanian rule
The Ascanian Dynasty continued in Saxe-Lauenburg until 1689, but after the Lauenburg line had finally lost the Saxon Electorate to the Wittenberg line in 1356 and failed to obtain the succession in the Electorate after 1422, recognition of the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg as Dukes of Saxony waned. To follow the remnant House of Ascania in Saxe-Lauenburg, follow this table. For the following Electors of Saxony, see below the House of Wettin.

Table of rulers
(Note: Both lines follow the numbering established in this table until 1296. From 1296 on, each line follows independently the succession of Saxon dukes until 1296)

The male line of Saxe-Lauenburg died out in 1689 with Julius Francis's death. The Welfs of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle usurped the territory, preventing the succession of the legitimate heiress, Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg. In fact, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was a great-great-grandson of Magnus I through his great-grandmother Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. In 1814, after being deposed by various occupations in the Napoleonic Wars, Prince Regent George passed Saxe-Lauenburg to his cousin, Frederick VI of Denmark, in a general territorial realignment at the Congress of Vienna. In 1865, after the Second Schleswig War, the Treaty of Vienna handed Saxe-Lauenburg to William I of Prussia, to whom the Estates of Saxe-Lauenburg offered the ducal throne. Both duke and estates decided to merge Saxe-Lauenburg into Prussia, as the district Duchy of Lauenburg, with effect from 1 July 1876.

House of Wettin
The Ascanian line of Saxe-Wittenberg became extinct with the death of Elector Albert III in 1422, whereafter Emperor Sigismund bestowed the country and electoral dignity upon Margrave Frederick IV of Meissen, who had been a loyal supporter in the Hussite Wars. Late Albert's Ascanian relative Duke Eric V of Saxe-Lauenburg protested in vain. Frederick, now one of the seven Prince-electors, was a member of the House of Wettin, which since 1089 had ruled over the adjacent Margraviate of Meissen up the Elbe river, established under Emperor Otto I in 965, and since 1242 also over the Landgraviate of Thuringia. Thus, in 1423, Saxe-Wittenberg, the Margraviate of Meissen and Thuringia were united under one ruler, and the unified territory. gradually received the name of (Upper) Saxony (or simply Saxony).

Table of rulers
(Note: Here the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Dukes of Saxony, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The princes are numbered following Ascanian Saxe-Wittenberg line (their predecessors) and by the year of their succession.)

Ernestine Dukes/Electors of Saxony
{| class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes
 * - bgcolor=#cccccc
 * - style="background:#eee;"
 * Ernest I (Ernst)||Ernst Kurfürst von Sachsen, 1441-1486 (AT KHM GG4795).jpg||24 March 1441||7 September 1464 - 26 August 1486||26 August 1486|| Ernestine Electorate of Saxony || Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich 25 November 1460 Leipzig seven children|| Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Ernestine line.
 * - style="background:#eee;"
 * Frederick III the Wise (Friedrich der Weise)||Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 097.jpg||17 January 1463||26 August 1486 - 5 May 1525||5 May 1525|| Ernestine Electorate of Saxony || Unmarried|| Son of Ernest. Protector of Martin Luther. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brothers.
 * - style="background:#eee;"
 * John III the Steadfast (Johann der Beständige)||Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Kurfürst Johann der Beständige von Sachsen.jpg||30 June 1468||5 May 1525 - 16 August 1532||16 August 1532|| Ernestine Electorate of Saxony ||Sophie of Mecklenburg 1 March 1500 Torgau one child Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen 13 November 1513 Torgau four children|| Co-regent of his brother of Frederick III (26 August 1486 - 5 May 1525), with his own residence at Weimar since 1513. Established Lutheranism in his territories in 1527.
 * - style="background:#eee;"
 * rowspan="2" | John Frederick I the Magnanimous (Johann Friedrich I der Großmütige) ||rowspan="2" | Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 044.jpg||rowspan="2" |  30 June 1503||16 August 1532 - 19 May 1547||rowspan="2" | 3 March 1554||Ernestine Electorate of Saxony||rowspan="2" | Sibylle of Cleves 9 February 1527 Torgau four children||rowspan="2" | Lost his Electoral dignity and territory to his cousin Maurice after being defeated the Emperor in the Schmalkaldic War. He was left with some territories as the Duchy of Saxony. After his death the Duchy of Saxony was divided between his three sons.
 * - style="background:#fff;"
 * 19 May 1547 - 1554|| Ernestine Duchy of Saxony
 * - style="background:#def;"
 * John Ernest I (Johann Ernst)||Johann-Ernst-von-Sachsen-Coburg.tif||10 May 1521||16 August 1532 - 1553||8 February 1553|| Ernestine Duchy of Saxony Saxe-Coburg||Catherine of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 12 February 1542 Torgau no children|| Ruled together with his brother John Frederick until 1542, after that Duke of Saxe-Coburg. After his death, his territory reverted back to his brother.
 * colspan=8 align="center"|
 * colspan=8 align="center"|

Ernestine Duchies
Following their displacement by the Albertines, the Ernestine branch of the Wettins continued to rule in southern Thuringia as "Dukes of Saxony", but their lands eventually split up into many different Ernestine duchies.
 * - style="background:#abc;"
 * John Frederick II||Weimar Herderkirche - Cranach-Altar Rechter Flügel 3.jpg||8 January 1529||1554-1565||19 May 1595|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Agnes of Hesse 26 May 1555 Weimar no children Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim 12 June 1558 Weimar four children|| Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * John William I||Jean-Guillaume-de-Saxe-Weimar.jpg||11 March 1530||1554-1566||2 March 1573|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern 15 June 1560 Heidelberg five children|| Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha.
 * - style="background:#cba;"
 * John Frederick III the Younger||Weimar Herderkirche - Cranach-Altar Rechter Flügel 4.jpg||16 January 1538||1554-1565||21 October 1565|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha||Unmarried|| Received Saxe-Gotha. However he left its administration to his elder brothers. After his death, his domains were annexed by his elder brother.
 * - style="background:#fff;"
 * John Frederick II||Weimar Herderkirche - Cranach-Altar Rechter Flügel 3.jpg||8 January 1529||1565-1566||19 May 1595|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach and Saxe-Gotha||Agnes of Hesse 26 May 1555 Weimar no children Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim 12 June 1558 Weimar four children|| Reunited his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha. In 1566 abdicated in favor of his brother John William, who reunited the duchy.
 * - style="background:#fff;"
 * John William I||Jean-Guillaume-de-Saxe-Weimar.jpg||11 March 1530||1566-1572||2 March 1573|| Ernestine Duchy of Saxony||Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern 15 June 1560 Heidelberg five children|| Reunited Saxony in 1566, after the abdication of his older brother. In 1572, the Division of Erfurt divided Saxony once again, between John William and his nephews, sons of John Frederick II.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * John William I||Jean-Guillaume-de-Saxe-Weimar.jpg||11 March 1530||1572-1573||2 March 1573||Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern 15 June 1560 Heidelberg five children|| Received Saxe-Weimar again.
 * - style="background:#abc;"
 * John Casimir||Johan Casimir von Sachsen-Coburg.jpg||12 June 1564
 * rowspan="2"|1572-1596||16 July 1633|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Anna of Saxony 16 January 1586 Dresden no children Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg 16 September 1599 Coburg no children
 * rowspan="2"| Received Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach together. In 1596 divided the land.
 * - style="background:#abc;"
 * John Ernest II||Johann Ernst (Sachsen-Eisenach).jpg||9 July 1566
 * 23 October 1638|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort 23 November 1591 Wiener Neustadt one child Christine of Hesse-Kassel 14 May 1598 Rotenburg an der Fulda no children
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * Augustus I, Elector of Saxony (regent)||Lucas Cranach d. J. 004.jpg||31 July 1526||1573-1586||11 February 1586|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Anna of Denmark 7 October 1548 Torgau fifteen children Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt 3 January 1586 Dessau no children|| Named regent for Frederick William.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * Frederick William I||Frederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.jpg||25 April 1562||1586-1602||7 July 1602|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Sophie of Württemberg 5 May 1583 Weimar six children Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg 9 September 1591 Neuburg an der Donau six children||After his death, his brother took the land and in the next year divided it with his nephews (sons of Frederick William).
 * - style="background:#def;"
 * John Casimir||Johan Casimir von Sachsen-Coburg.jpg||12 June 1564
 * 1596-1633||16 July 1633|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg||Anna of Saxony 16 January 1586 Dresden no children Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg 16 September 1599 Coburg no children
 * Received Saxe-Coburg. Died without descendants and his brother reunited the inherited duchy.
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * John Ernest II||Johann Ernst (Sachsen-Eisenach).jpg||9 July 1566||1596-1633
 * 23 October 1638|| Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort 23 November 1591 Wiener Neustadt one child Christine of Hesse-Kassel 14 May 1598 Rotenburg an der Fulda no children
 * Received Saxe-Eisenach. His brother died without descendants and he reunited the inherited duchy.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * John IV||Johann of Saxe-Weimar-Jena.jpg||22 May 1570||1602-1605||18 July 1605|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea Maria of Anhalt 7 January 1593 Altenburg twelve children||Divided Saxe-Weimar with his nephews in 1603, retaining a smaller Saxe-Weimar (sometimes called Saxe-Weimar-Jena).
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * John Philip||Johann PhilippSaAlt.jpg||25 January 1597||1603-1639|| 1 April 1639|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 25 October 1618 Altenburg one child
 * rowspan="3"|Received and ruled jointly the newly-created Saxe-Altenburg, after the partition of 1603. None of them had male descendants.
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Frederick IV||Arolsen Klebeband 01 171 2.jpg||12 February 1599||1603-1625||24 October 1625|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Unmarried
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * John William II||||13 April 1600||1603-1632||2 December 1632|| Ernestine Saxe(-Weimar)-Altenburg||Unmarried
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * John Ernest III||Johann Ernst I. von Sachsen-Weimar cropped.jpg||21 February 1594
 * 1605-1626||6 December 1626|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Unmarried
 * rowspan="4"|Ruled together the domains of their father. In 1640 divided the land. William kept Saxe-Weimar. In 1644 William reunited his own domains with Albert's.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * William I the Great||Arolsen Klebeband 01 171 3.jpg||11 April 1598||1626-1644||17 May 1662|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau 23 May 1625 Weimar nine children
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * Albert VI||Albrecht von Sachsen-Eisenach.jpg||27 July 1599
 * rowspan="2"|1605-1640||20 December 1644|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg 24 June 1633 Weimar no children
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * Ernest II the Pious||Ernest I, duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg||25 December 1601||26 March 1675|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg 24 October 1636 Altenburg eighteen children
 * - style="background:#abc;"
 * John Ernest II||Johann Ernst (Sachsen-Eisenach).jpg||9 July 1566||1633-1638
 * 23 October 1638|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort 23 November 1591 Wiener Neustadt one child Christine of Hesse-Kassel 14 May 1598 Rotenburg an der Fulda no children|| Reunited Saxe-Eisenach. However died without descendants and his duchy was divided between Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Altenburg.
 * - style="background:#abc;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Frederick William II||Frederick Wilhelm II Saxe-Altenburg.jpg||12 February 1602||1639-1669||22 April 1669|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg 18 September 1638 Altenburg no children Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony 11 October 1652 Dresden three children|| Brother of John Philip, Frederick and John William. Succeeded his childless brothers. Received part of Saxe-Weimar-Eiesnach in 1638.
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * Albert VI||Albrecht von Sachsen-Eisenach.jpg||27 July 1599||1640-1644||20 December 1644|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Eisenach||Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg 24 June 1633 Weimar no children||Received Saxe-Eisenach from his father. After his death his brother William united Saxe-Eisenach with Saxe-Weimar.
 * - style="background:#cba;"
 * Ernest II the Pious||Ernest I, duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg||25 December 1601||1640-1672||26 March 1675|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Gotha||Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg 24 October 1636 Altenburg eighteen children||Received Saxe-Gotha from his father.
 * - style="background:#fff;"
 * William I the Great||Arolsen Klebeband 01 171 3.jpg||11 April 1598||1644-1662||17 May 1662|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach||Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau 23 May 1625 Weimar nine children||Reunited Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach under his rule. After his death his domains were divided by his four sons.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * John Ernest IV||Arolsen Klebeband 01 177 1.jpg||11 September 1627||1662-1683||15 May 1683|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 14 August 1656 Weimar five children||Son of William I. Received the remaining Saxe-Weimar.
 * - style="background:#bac;"
 * Bernard IV||Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena.jpg|| 14 October 1638||1662-1678||3 May 1678|| Ernestine Saxe-Jena||Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille 10 June 1662 Paris five children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Jena.
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * Adolf William||Adolph Wilhelm Sachen-Eisenach C. Richter@Weimar Schlossmuseum.JPG||15 May 1632||1662-1668||21 November 1668|| Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 18 January 1663 Wolfenbüttel five children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Eisenach.
 * - style="background:#ccaa76;"
 * John George III||John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg||11 April 1598||1662-1671||17 May 1662|| Ernestine Saxe-Marksuhl||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Marksuhl. Inherited Eisenach from his minor nephew in 1671, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach.
 * - style="background:#ccaa76;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Marksuhl was annexed by Saxe-Eisenach
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * John George III, Duke of Saxe-Marksuhl (regent)||John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg||12 July 1634
 * rowspan="2"|1668-1671||19 September 1686|| Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children||Regent for his nephew.
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * William August||||30 November 1668||23 February 1671||Saxe-Eisenach||Unmarried||Died as a minor. His uncle, as regent, inherited his domain.
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * John George II, Elector of Saxony (regent)|||Johan Georg II Johann Fink, vor 1675.jpg||31 May 1613
 * rowspan="2"|1669-1672||22 August 1680|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 13 November 1638 Dresden three children|| Regent in mae of Frederick William III. The minor duke never reached adulthood.
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Frederick William III||[[File:Friedrich Wilhelm III, duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1657-1672), by German School of 1662.jpg|80px]]||12 July 1657||14 April 1672|| Ernestine Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Unmarried|| Son of Frederick William II. Died as a minor. His lands were divided between Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar.
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Altenburg merged in Saxe-Gotha to form Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * John George III||John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg||12 July 1634||1671-1686||19 September 1686|| Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children||Inherited Eisenach from his minor nephew in 1671, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach.
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Ernest II the Pious||Ernest I, duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg||25 December 1601||1672-1675||26 March 1675|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg 24 October 1636 Altenburg eighteen children||Reunited his domains and his wife's (as heiress of Saxe-Altenburg).
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Frederick V||Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg||15 July 1646||1675-1691||2 August 1691|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels 14 November 1669 Halle eight children Christine of Baden-Durlach 14 August 1681 Ansbach no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
 * - style="background:#def;"
 * Albert VII||Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg.jpg||24 May 1648||1675-1699||6 August 1699|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg||Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 18 July 1676 Gotha one child Susanne Elisabeth Kempinsky 24 May 1688 Coburg morganatic no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Coburg. Left no male descendants. His lands were annexed by Saafeld.
 * - style="background:#def;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Coburg merged in Saxe-Saalfeld to form Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Bernard V||BernhardIsamei.JPG||10 September 1649||1675-1706||27 April 1706|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt 20 November 1671 Gotha seven children Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 25 January 1681 Schöningen five children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Meiningen.
 * - style="background:#cea;"
 * Henry V||Heinrich von Sachsen-Weißenfels-Barby b.jpg||19 November 1650||1675-1710||13 May 1710|| Ernestine Saxe-Römhild||Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt 1 March 1676 Darmstadt no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Römhild. Left no descendants and his lands were anexed to Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
 * - style="background:#cea;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Römhild was annexed by Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
 * - style="background:#cda;"
 * Christian IV||1653 Christian.jpg||6 January 1653||1675-1707||28 April 1707|| Ernestine Saxe-Eisenberg||Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg 13 February 1677 Merseburg one child Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt 9 February 1681 Darmstadt no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Eisenberg. Left no male descendants and his lands were anexed to Saxe-Hildburghausen.
 * - style="background:#cda;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Eisenberg was annexed by Saxe-Hildburghausen
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Ernest III||Arolsen Klebeband 01 175 2.jpg||12 June 1655||1675-1715||17 October 1715|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Sophie of Waldeck 30 November 1680 Arolsen eighteen children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Hildburghausen.
 * - style="background:#bda;"
 * John Ernest V||Johann Ernst of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg||22 August 1658||1675-1699||17 February 1729|| Ernestine Saxe-Saalfeld||Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg 18 February 1680 Merseburg five children Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen 2 December 1690 Maastricht eight children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Saafeld. In 1699 reunified it with Saxe-Coburg, forming Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
 * - style="background:#bac;"
 * John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (regent)||Arolsen Klebeband 01 177 1.jpg||11 September 1627||1678-1683||15 May 1683|| Ernestine Saxe-Jena||Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 14 August 1656 Weimar five children||Regent for his nephew.
 * - style="background:#bac;"
 * John George III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (regent)||John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg||12 July 1634||1683-1686||19 September 1686|| Ernestine Saxe-Jena||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein 29 May 1661 Wallau nine children||Regent for his nephew.
 * - style="background:#bac;"
 * William Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (regent)||1662 Wilhelm Ernst.jpg||19 October 1662||1686-1690||26 August 1728|| Ernestine Saxe-Jena||Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena 2 November 1683 Eisenach no children|| Regent for his cousin.
 * - style="background:#bac;"
 * John William III||||28 March 1675||1678-1690||4 November 1690|| Ernestine Saxe-Jena||Unmarried||Son of Bernard IV. Died as a minor.
 * - style="background:#bac;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * William Ernest I||1662 Wilhelm Ernst.jpg||19 October 1662||1683-1728||26 August 1728|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena 2 November 1683 Eisenach no children
 * rowspan="2"| Ruled jointly. John Ernest was just a nominal ruler; William Ernest had full government.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * John Ernest VI||Johann Ernst III.jpg||22 June 1664||1683-1707||10 May 1707|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst 11 October 1685 Zerbst five children Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg 4 November 1694 Kassel four children
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * John George V||Zweidritteltaler-1690-Eisenach-av.jpg||24 July 1665||1686-1698||10 November 1698||Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Sophie Charlotte of Württemberg 20 September 1688 Kirchheim unter Teck no children||Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
 * - style="background:#fae;
 * Bernard V, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (regent)||BernhardIsamei.JPG||10 September 1649
 * rowspan="2"|1691-1693||27 April 1706|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt 20 November 1671 Gotha seven children Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 25 January 1681 Schöningen five children
 * rowspan="2"|Regents in name of their nephew, Frederick VI.
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Henry V, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (regent)||Heinrich von Sachsen-Weißenfels-Barby b.jpg||19 November 1650||13 May 1710|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt 1 March 1676 Darmstadt no children
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Frederick VI||[[File:Christian Schilbach - Porträt des Herzogs Friedrich II. von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]||28 July 1676||1693-1732||23 March 1732|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 7 June 1696 Gotha nineteen children||
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * John William IV||Johann Wilhelm von Sachsen-Eisenach.jpg||17 October 1666||1698-1729||14 January 1729||Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Amalie of Nassau-Dietz 28 November 1690 Oranjewoud two children Christine Juliane of Baden-Durlach 27 February 1697 Wolfenbüttel seven children  Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels 28 July 1708 Weissenfels three children  Marie Christine Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim 29 May 1727 Hanau no children||
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * John Ernest V||Johann Ernst of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg||22 August 1658||1699-1729||17 February 1729|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg 18 February 1680 Merseburg five children Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen 2 December 1690 Maastricht eight children||In 1699 reunified Saxe-Saafeld with Saxe-Coburg, forming Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Ernest Louis I||ErnstludwigIsamei.JPG||7 October 1672||1706-1724||24 November 1724|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 19 September 1704 Gotha five children Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg 3 June 1714 Coburg no children||
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Ernest Frederick I||ErnstFriedrich1hibu.jpg||21 August 1681||1715-1724||9 March 1724|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach 4 February 1704 Erbach im Odenwald fourteen children||
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach (regent)||Sophie Albertine of Erbach-Erbach duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen.JPG||30 July 1683||1724-1728||4 September 1742|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Ernest Frederick I 4 February 1704 Erbach im Odenwald fourteen children|| Regent on behalf of her son.
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Ernest Frederick II||ErnstFriedrich2hibu.jpg||17 December 1707||1728-1745||13 August 1745|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau 19 June 1726 Fürstenau four children||
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Ernest Louis II||ErnstludwigIIsamei.JPG||8 August 1709||1724-1729||24 February 1729|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Unmarried|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
 * - style="background:#bca;"
 * Ernest Augustus I||Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar.jpg||19 April 1688||1728-1741||19 January 1748|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar||Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen 2 November 1683 Nienburg eight children Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 7 April 1734 Bayreuth  four children|| Son of John Ernest VI. Reunited under his rule the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach.
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * William Henry||William Heinrich, duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg||10 November 1691||1729-1741||26 July 1741||Ernestine Saxe-Eisenach||Albertine Juliane of Nassau-Idstein 15 February 1713 Idstein no children Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt 3 June 1723 Berlin no children|| Left no descendants: Saxe-Eisenach merged with Saxe-Weimar.
 * - style="background:#fed;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Eisenach merged in Saxe-Weimar to form Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Christian Ernest||Christianernscoburgsaalfeld.jpg||18 August 1683||1729-1745||4 September 1745|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Christiane Fredericka of Koss 18 August 1724 Naitschau (morganatic) no children||Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Charles Frederick I||Karlfriedrichsamei.JPG||18 July 1712||1729-1743||28 March 1743|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Unmarried|| Brother of Ernest Louis II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle.
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Frederick VIII||FriedrichIIISaGoAlt.JPG||14 April 1699||1732-1772||10 March 1772|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen 17 September 1729 Gotha eight children||
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Ernest Augustus I||Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar.jpg||19 April 1688||1741-1748||19 January 1748|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen 2 November 1683 Nienburg eight children Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 7 April 1734 Bayreuth four children|| Reunited under his rule the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Frederick William IV||Friedrichwilhelmsamei.JPG||16 February 1679||1743-1746||10 March 1746|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Unmarried|| Brother of Ernest Louis I. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his half-brother.
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau (regent)||Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen.JPG||29 September 1700||1745-1748||7 May 1758|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Ernest Frederick II 19 June 1726 Fürstenau four children|| Regent on behalf of her son.
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Ernest Frederick III||Ernest Frederick III of Saxe-Hildburghausen.JPG||10 June 1727||1748-1780||23 September 1780|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Louise of Denmark 1 October 1749 Copenhagen one child Christiane Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 20 January 1757 Copenhagen one child  Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar 1 July 1758 Bayreuth three children||
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Francis Josias||Francis Josias, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg||25 September 1697||1745-1764||16 September 1764|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2 January 1723 Rudolstadtbr>eight children||Brother of Christian Ernest.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Anthony Ulrich||Antonulrichsamei.JPG||22 October 1687||1746-1763||27 January 1763|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Philippine Elisabeth Caesar January 1711 morganatic ten children Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal 26 September 1750 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe eight children||
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (regent)||Francis Josias, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg||25 September 1697
 * rowspan="2"|1748-1755||16 September 1764|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2 January 1723 Rudolstadtbr>eight children
 * rowspan="2"|Regents in name of Ernest Augstus I's son, Ernest Augustus II.
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Frederick VIII, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (regent)||FriedrichIIISaGoAlt.JPG||14 April 1699||10 March 1772|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen 17 September 1729 Gotha eight children
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Ernest Augustus II||Ernst August II. (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)@Schloss Tiefurt.JPG||2 June 1737||1755-1758||28 May 1758|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 2 November 1683 Brunswick two children||
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (regent)||Weimar Anna Amalia Bibliothek@Anna Amalie von Sachsen-Weimar (1).JPG||24 October 1739||1758-1775||10 April 1807|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Ernest Augustus II 2 November 1683 Brunswick two children||
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Charles Augustus||Carl August Sachsen-Weimar G.M.Kraus@ Goethe Nationalmuseum 01.jpg||3 September 1757||1775-1828||14 June 1828|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 3 October 1775 Karlsruhe seven children|| In 1815 his rank of Duke was elevated to Grand Duke; from 1815 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach becomes a Grand Duchy.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal (regent)||Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal.JPG||11 August 1730||1763-1779||7 September 1801|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Anthony Ulrich 26 September 1750 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe eight children||
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Charles William||Carlsamei.JPG||19 November 1754||1779-1782||21 January 1782|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Louise of Stolberg-Gedern 5 June 1780 Gedern no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Ernest Frederick IV||Ernesto Federico de Wettin Saalfeld.jpg||8 March 1724||1764-1800||8 September 1800|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 23 April 1749 Wolfenbüttelbr>seven children||
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Ernest IV||Ernst-II 1775.jpg||30 January 1745||1772-1804||20 April 1804|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen 21 March 1769 Meiningen four children||
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen (regent)||Prinz-von-Sachsen-Hildburghausen.jpg||5 October 1702||1780-1787||4 January 1787|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy 17 April 1738 Paris (annulled 1757) no children|| Son of Ernest III. Regent on behalf of Frederick VIII.
 * - style="background:#dac;"
 * Frederick IX||FriedrichHibuAltenburg.jpg||29 April 1763||1787-1826||29 September 1834|| Ernestine Saxe-Hildburghausen||Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3 September 1785 Hildburghausen twelve children|| Inherited Altenburg from Frederick X. The duchy changed its name to Saxe-Altenburg.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * George II||GeorgIsamei.JPG||4 February 1761||1782-1803||24 December 1803|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 27 November 1782 Langenburg four children||
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Francis||FranzFriedrich AntonSaCoSa.jpg||15 July 1750||1800-1806||9 December 1806|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen 6 March 1776 Hildburghausen no children Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 13 June 1777 Ebersdorf ten children||
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (regent)||LouiseEleonoreSaMei.JPG||11 August 1763||1803-1821||30 April 1837|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||George I 27 November 1782 Langenburg four children|| Regent on behalf of her son.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Bernard VI||Bernhardiihosenbandorden.JPG||17 December 1800||1821-1882||3 December 1882|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel 23 March 1825 Kassel two children||
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Augustus IV||Ludwig Doell - Porträt des Herzogs August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg||23 November 1772||1804-1822||17 May 1822|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 21 October 1797 Ludwigslust one child Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel 24 April 1802 Kassel no children||Left no male descendants. The land was inherited by his brother Frederick
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Ernest V||Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Dawe 1818-19.jpg||2 January 1784||1806-1844||29 January 1844|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1800-1826) Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826-1844)||Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3 July 1817 Gotha two children  Marie of Württemberg 23 December 1832 Coburg no children|| Inherited Gotha from Frederick IX, but had to cede Saafeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The duchy changed its name to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * Frederick X||Friedrich IV von Sachsen-Gotha, by Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein.jpg||28 November 1774||1822-1825||11 February 1825|| Ernestine Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Unmarried||Brother of Augustus. Left no male descendants. The land was divided between Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen.
 * - style="background:#fae;"
 * colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg divided between its neighbours Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Frederick IX||FriedrichHibuAltenburg.jpg||29 April 1763||1826-1834||29 September 1834|| Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3 September 1785 Hildburghausen twelve children|| Inherited Altenburg from Frederick X. The duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen changed its name to Saxe-Altenburg.
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Charles Frederick II||Karl Friedrich of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg||2 February 1783||1828-1853||8 July 1853|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Maria Pavlovna of Russia 3 August 1804 St. Petersburg four children||
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Joseph||Herzog Joseph von Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg||27 August 1789||1834-1848||25 November 1868|| Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Amelia of Württemberg 24 April 1817 Kirchheim unter Teck six children|| He implemented several buildings in Altenburg, but his government was considered conservative and resistant to reform; for this, he was forced to abdicate during the civil revolution of 1848. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother George.
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Ernest VI||Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.jpg||21 June 1818||1844-1893||22 August 1893|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha||Alexandrine of Baden 3 May 1842 Karlsruhe no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his nephews.
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * George III||GeorgPrinceofSaxe-Altenburgportrait.jpg||24 July 1796||1848-1853||3 August 1853|| Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 7 October 1825 Ludwigslust three children|| Brother of Joseph.
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * Charles Alexander||1818 Carl Alexander.JPG||24 June 1818||1853-1901||5 January 1901|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Sophie of the Netherlands 8 October 1842 The Hague four children||
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Ernest VII||DukeErnstIsaxealtenburg.jpg||16 February 1826||1853-1908||7 February 1908|| Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau 28 April 1853 Ludwigslust two children|| Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * George IV||Herzog Georg II von-Sachsen-Meiningen 02.jpg||2 April 1826||1882-1914||25 June 1914|| Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Charlotte of Prussia 18 May 1850 Berlin four children Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 23 October 1858 Langenburg three children  Ellen Franz 18 March 1873 Liebenstein (morganatic) no children||
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Alfred||Alfred-sachsen-coburg-gotha.jpg||6 August 1844||1893-1900||30 July 1900|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha||Maria Alexandrovna of Russia 23 January 1874 St Petersburg six children|| Son of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Queen Victoria.
 * - style="background:#ff9;"
 * Charles Edward||Carl Eduard Sachsen Coburg und Gotha.jpg||19 July 1884||1900-1918||6 March 1954|| Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha||Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein 11 October 1905 Schleswig five children|| Son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany; Nephew of Alfred. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
 * - style="background:#6cf;"
 * William Ernest II||GuillemErnestdeSaxònia-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg||10 June 1876||1901-1918||24 April 1923|| Ernestine Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Caroline Reuss of Greiz 30 April 1903 Bückeburg no children Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen 14 January 1910 Meiningen four children|| Grandson of Charles Alexander, as son of Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
 * - style="background:#ec6;"
 * Ernest VIII||Ernst II. von Sachsen-Altenburg 1915.jpg||31 August 1871||1908-1918||22 March 1955|| Ernestine Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe 17 February 1898 Bückeburg (annulled 1920) four children Maria Triebel 15 July 1934 Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf (morganatic) no children|| Grandson of George III, as son of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
 * - style="background:#aec;
 * Bernard VII||Bernhard III (Saxe-Meiningen).jpg||1 April 1851||1914-1918||16 January 1928||Ernestine Saxe-Meiningen||Charlotte of Prussia 18 February 1878 Berlin two children|| Monarchy abolished in 1918.
 * }

Albertine Dukes/Electors of Saxony
(Note: Here the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Dukes of Saxony, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The princes are numbered following Ascanian Saxe-Wittenberg line (their predecessors) and by the year of their succession.)

Kingdom of Saxony
The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806. The Elector of Saxony, allied to Napoleon I, became King of an independent Saxony. The numbering resets in this point.

"King of Germany" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect King of Germany and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 December 2 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Srnec (talk) 14:35, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

September 2023
Hello, I'm Bedivere. Wikipedia is written by people who have a wide diversity of opinions, but we try hard to make sure articles have a neutral point of view. Your recent edit to 2022 proposed Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile seemed less than neutral and has been removed. If you think this was a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Bedivere (talk) 22:45, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

Leamington Spa
According to the Ordnance Survey maps the street name is Parade, no definite article. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 20:49, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * And still, everybody in Leamington calls it "The Parade". Even if the article were not part of the name, in a sentence the article (in this case definitely lower case) has to be included. The article does this in each and every other occurence. Reverting the article back out in this one occurence is obviously wrong. Str1977 (talk) 21:46, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * And your source for claiming that everybody in Leamington Spa calls it that is? the article should not be part of the link. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:25, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I've lived there. Which "link" are you talking about? Str1977 (talk) 20:54, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The fact that you lived there is not a reliable source. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 21:57, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Neither is your insistence that in one instance (and only one) the street must be named without the article. Str1977 (talk) 22:50, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I've supplied a source for that, Ordnance Survey. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:10, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * You've supplied no source for your claim that in a sentence the (supposedly official) street name "Parade" should not be prefaced with an article. And since you seem to care nothing for consistency, I cannot take your argument seriously. Str1977 (talk) 15:48, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I am not insisting that it should apply in only one instance. That is your interpretation. I am stating the name is Parade without an article, as shown in the street signs and on the relevant Ordnance survey maps. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 15:57, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Have you even read the article on that street and the references given there, including this one. Str1977 (talk) 17:09, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

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On Traditionis custodes
On Traditionis custodes: please do not add claims from primary sources as if those were proven. Veverve (talk) 14:13, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I did not. You however reinserted the weasel word "claim". Str1977 (talk) 14:24, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

Matthias Erzberger
Sorry for overdoing my revert when it came to the infobox. Your changes to his stint as minister without portfolio did have the correct info (although I had to make a change today to get the chancellors to display). But I am going to insist on President Friedrich Ebert - you're right that he wasn't minister president as the article originally said, but he was elected president by the National Assembly on 11 Feb 1919. Hope we're good now? GHStPaulMN (talk) 11:45, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * When was Erzberger appointed chairman of the armistice commission? If after 11 Feb, then yes, it was under President Ebert. But it would be simultanously under Minister-President Scheidemann.
 * My main point was that Ebert was never minister-president but served as Chancellor from the "abdication" of Wilhelm II until his own election as President. Str1977 (talk) 12:23, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

June 2024
Welcome to Wikipedia. Editors are expected to treat each other with respect and civility. On this encyclopedia project, editors assume good faith while interacting with other editors. Here is Wikipedia's welcome page, and it is hoped that you will assume the good faith of other editors and continue to help us improve Wikipedia! Thank you very much! Darkwarriorblake (talk) 16:09, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I've been on Wikipedia for 19 years so your message here is insulting. Maybe you should heed your own advice.
 * You showed no reasoning behind your repeated reverting of my changes - and "unnecessary" is not a legitimate reasoning. Str1977 (talk) 16:12, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * If you've been here 19 years you would know about: A) WP: BRD, and B) not accusing someone of ownership just because they're undoing your edits. Unnecessary is legitimate, I can write "not an improvement" if you'd prefer but the same message is delivered. We also have a spoken version of the article on top of it being a Featured Article so changes should have a significant reasoning behind them. For example you moved content about casting of minor characters above main characters for no reason. That would not be an improvement. You keep saying that George was not spying on Lorraine despite him being outside her house peeping into a bedroom window and not being quite as pregnant as her mom, and changing the credit for Lorraine Baines McFly to Lorraine Baines/McFly, when noone uses a slash in a double surname, at least not in English. You can feel your edits were warranted and WP: BRD would tell you to take it to the talk page to discuss it and gain support, my opinion is they were negative for the article and so I restored it to it's agreed upon and supported version. That's not a reason to take it personally. EDIT: I can also see you've changed Lorraine's name on the character list to Lorraine Baines/McFly with a note saying she was never Baines McFly, and yet the official site says she was. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 16:23, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * "not an improvement" is even worse. It amounts to no reason.
 * If you don't want to be accused of claiming OWNership, don't behave that way.
 * If it is really Lorraine, I am sure you can prove it.
 * The "double surname" doesn't exist. She is first called Baines, then McFly. The "official site" is no reliable source for that. Only the film is. Str1977 (talk) 16:48, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * :/ I thought that would be the end of it but you're still claiming it's ownership to disagree with you and challenging me to prove things in the film. I think our discussion is at an end, use the film's talk page to solicit further input, I have no wish to interact with you further with that attitude. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 17:13, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * It is ownership to blanket revert any changes to an article even though can only claim that they are "unnecessary" or "not an improvement". Str1977 (talk) 17:34, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

de jure
Winkler: "Überdies wurde Deutschland seit dem 3. Oktober 1918 de facto und seit dem 28. Oktober de jure parlamentarisch regiert."

I'll leave it here and let you decide if de jure is an "empty" phrase. (Your last update is grammatically incorrect and needs to be changed anyway.) GHStPaulMN (talk) 11:21, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

Sonya Deville
If you want to replace "gay" with "lesbian", then cite new sources. The current citations just use gay. There is nothing such as lesbian there.: said Deville—who is Daria Berenato, the first openly gay female wrestler in WWE history... --Mann Mann (talk) 20:08, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * By definition, a homosexual woman is called lesbian, a homosexual man is called gay. Citations misusing these terms is no reason for WP to follow suite. Also, the consensus on the talk page favours "lesbian". Str1977 (talk) 20:41, 18 July 2024 (UTC)