User talk:Studentesa.2012

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Minimally Invasive Treatments for Breast Cancer
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal ablation therapy that converts an electrical current into heat through electron-molecular collision; this results in heat energy that induces coagulation necrosis of the targeted tissue. RFA offers a nonsurgical, localized treatment that targets tumor cells through heat and spares healthy breast parenchyma. To perform this procedure, an interventional radiologist uses real-time imaging to guide a small probe through the skin. The tip of the probe transmits radiofrequency energy to the target tissue. The procedure is conducted under either conscious-sedation or general anesthesia and patients may experience mild to moderate discomfort during the procedure. After treatment, the tumor will shrink and scar. RFA can aide in extending patients’ lives or in some cases even cure patients. The therapy also has the advantage of being able to be repeated multiple times if there is residual/recurrent disease and it can be used as an adjunct to other treatment modalities.
 * Radiofrequency Ablation

Most studies to date have evaluated combined ablation and resection of breast tumors. In a study evaluating 41 patients with breast carcinoma measuring less than 2 cm, patients were initially treated with one session of RFA followed by delayed surgical resection. Of these patients, 96.2% showed no MRI enhancement after ablation treatment, and 40 of the 41 patients’ pathological results showed complete tumor cell death. In a study of 20 patients treated with lumpectomy followed by RFA, patients had a zone of devitalized tissue that in some cases spared patients from undergoing re-excision and reduced local recurrences. RFA also serves as an appealing treatment option for elderly patients with smaller breast tumors who are not surgical candidates or who refuse surgery. Studies suggest that RFA is a safe and effective treatment option for smaller breast tumors, with the most serious complication being skin burns.

Cryoablation uses extremely cold pressurized argon gas, to cool tumors to temperatures as low as -140°C. When living tissue is cooled below -40°C, tissue destruction results from protein denaturation, cell rupture and tissue ischemia. Many studies have shown positive outcomes of patients treated with cryoablation for early breast cancer, with most patients showing complete necrosis. In a study evaluating CT/ ultrasound-guided breast cryoablation in 11 patients with 22 breast tumors, a 1-cm border of ice was visualized beyond all treated tumor margins and no local recurrences were noted at follow-up. Cryoablation is a particularly appealing treatment option due to the analgesic effect of freezing and because of good associated cosmesis.
 * Cryoablation

Interstitial Laser therapy (ILT) causes cell death by delivering laser energy via a percutaneous fiberoptic probe that is inserted directly into the tumor. Using imaging guidance, an interventional radiologist inserts a laser needle percutaneously into the center of the tumor along with a multisensory thermal needle at another site. The laser light delivered to the tumor is transformed into heat, which increases the temperature of the tumor and creates a zone of thermal ablation. In a study evaluating the treatment of 56 patients with breast cancer treated with ILD, 70% had total tumor destruction.
 * Laser Ablation

There are an estimated 235,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed each year, and of these approximately half will have metastasized to the liver. Liver metastases are not uncommon findings for patients with breast cancer. Interventional Radiology offers many treatment options for patients with hepatic malignancies, including unresectable primary liver cancer or metastatic cancers (colorectal cancer, neuroendocrine tumors , or breast tumors  ).
 * Metastatic Breast Cancer

Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization has been shown to be a viable treatment option for women with chemotherapy resistant breast cancer liver metastases. Embolization therapy relies on the injection of tiny particles through a catheter into the artery that supplies the tumor with blood; this leads to clotting of the artery and decreases the tumor’s blood supply. In a study reviewing the treatment outcomes of 75 women (mean age, 53.7 years) with chemotherapy resistant liver metastases, treated with Y-90, 42% of patients had a partial response to Y-90 radioembolization and 58% had stable disease with no progression. Y-90 shrank liver tumors and also provided symptom relief and an improved quality of life. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has also been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of patients with hepatic metastases from breast cancer. In a study evaluating RFA in the treatment of 43 patients with 111 breast cancer liver metastases, primary technical success was achieved in the treatment of 96% of tumors and the overall time to progression was 10.5 months with an estimated median time of survival of 58.6 months.

Comments
Once you have done this here let me know and I can take another look. Best Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 21:44, 5 June 2014 (UTC)
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