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Data Processing and Management DEPARTMENT: ACCOUNTANCY COURSE: ACC 205 (DATA PROCESSING) COUSRE LECTURER: MR. PETER OGEDEBE DATE: 09th/09/2006

Q. 1 DEFINATION OF DATA PROCESSING

According to Being Fluent in his book computer programming and data processing operations (e.g., handling, merging, sorting, and computing) performed upon data in accordance with strictly defined procedures, such as recording and summarizing the financial transactions of a business. In automatic or electronic data processing the operations are performed by a computer. In distributed data processing some or all of the operations are performed in different locations at computer facilities connected by telecommunications links. According to J.T Harman in his book intro to Computer engineering page 3. Define Data Processing as the act of processing the actual data of the business (raw number crunching) in contrast to the processing overhead of the operating system and networks. In many instances, the computer does very little data processing compared to the processing required by the operating system, graphical interface and other infrastructure components According to Houghton Mifflin in his view define data processing as Conversion of data into a form that can be processed by computer. Also stated that it is simply the storing or processing of data by a computer. According to Oxford University Press un the book Oxford Advance learner Dictionary define data processing as a series of actions that a computer performs on data to produce an output. The out put can be visible or invisible. In his support Scott F Smith. Intro to programming Data processing as noun was define in the American Heritage Dictionary as Also in hi view Paul Graham define data processing as the temporary retention of data in a processor while calculations or logical operations are performed on it Also in the student manual of electrical engineering uni maid define data processing as is any computer process that converts data into information. The processing is usually assumed to be automated and running on an a mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer, or personal computer According to Student Manual of Yahsib Computer Center

More generally, the term data processing can apply to any process that converts data from one format to another, although data conversion would be the more logical and correct term. From this perspective, data processing becomes the process of converting information into data and also the converting of data back into information. The distinction is that conversion doesn't require a question (query) to be answered. For example, information in the form of an string of characters forming a sentence in English is converted or encoded from a keyboard's key-presses as represented by hardware-oriented integer codes into ASCII integer codes after which it may be more easily processed by a computer—not as merely raw, amorphous integer data, but as a meaningful character in a natural language's set of graphemes—and finally converted or decoded to be displayed as characters, represented by a font on the computer display. In that example we can see the stage-by-stage conversion of the presence of and then absence of electrical conductivity in the key-press and subsequent release at the keyboard from raw substantially-meaningless integer hardware-oriented data to evermore-meaningful information as the processing proceeds toward the human being.

Q .2

Historical account of data processing.

Data processing was the first name used for the information technology business, and it is still used as an umbrella title. In the early days, it meant feeding punch cards into tabulating machines. Then computers followed. See information processing cycle. See also preprocessing Data Processing (DP) is responsible for the effective communication of electronic information for Andrews ISD. Its objective is "Providing a Link for the Education of Tomorrow's Leaders." In 1992, it was determined AISD would move away from the mini-computer based processing used in the district for twenty-two years to a PC network. At that time DP was located at Andrews High School and started in this new direction with one file server. Each main campus and the Administration Building were connected to DP via fiber optic cables. There were thirty computers on the WAN. By March of 1993, DP had outgrown the HS location and moved to the Administration Building. Today DP has ten file servers located in the office. There are over 900 computers on the current WAN. In addition, there are 25-station LANs at the Middle School and the High School. The WAN is used for student management, business/accounting, and educational software. All of the libraries in the district are automated for easy check-in and checkout services and administering the total collection. In addition, each library has Internet access for the teachers and students.

Central data processing facility was established in the Office of the Director, NIH, under Dr. Harold Dorn, combining EAM (punched card) equipment and biometric expertise in the year 1954. The NIH Director established a committee on electronic data processing and computers who installed its first electronic digital computer as an experimental device in the year 1958. this lead to the fist “ second generation computer in the year 1961, in 1964 James NIH installed its first electronic digital computer as an experimental device. In other to determine how effectively NIH personnel could use personal computers, the Personal Workstation Project was founded in 1983. DCRT completed consolidation of two HHS data centers --- the Program Support Center Information Technology Service and the Administration for Children and Families National Computer Center --- into the NIH Computer Center in 1997. In the Spring of 1999, the name of Data Processing was officially changed by the Board of Trustees to reflect the expanded responsibilities of this department. The Department of Technology and Information Services will continue to serve and grow with the district.

Q3 The system analyst and programmers are never the same. I did not support the motion that system analyst and software programmers are the same. Below are my reasons: 1.	The social aspect of programmers and that of system analyst is quiet different .E.g. the system analyst is sociable, friendly and good in communication unlike the programmer who is harsh not friendly and doesn’t have time for any body except his work. 2.	Also in the areas of qualification programmers most have the following qualification. Bsc, Computer Ba Eng, Bsc engendering, Bsc mathematics, etc while analysts only need a Bsc computer and info tech. 3.	A programmer uses the computer language to provide all type of soft wares that will enable system analyst to install the recommended soft wares base on their uses programs.

Q.4 Below are some of the online data processing products. 1	Yahoo mail 2	Hotmail

I visit the www.mail.yahoo.com and try to sign in my friend address with an unknown pass word. Result The result was failure that I should provide pass word (did you forget your user I D or PASS WORD). In a short note I wasn’t able to log in.

NOTE: That this article is just a support to student but note for them to submit exactly as it is type. I strongly advice student to use this as a data and nothing more.

ABDULLAHI DAHIRU TATA\ DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING UNIMAID