User talk:Teek28

Annotated Bibliography
Amato, F. J. (2012). The relationship of violence to gender role conflict and conformity to masculine norms in a forensic sample. The Journal Of Men's Studies, 20(3), 187-208. doi:10.3149/jms.2003.187

1.This study’s purpose is to examine New England’s 258 prisoners on their violence and their conformity to masculine norms. Violence, gender role conflict, and conformity to masculine norms were conducted to examine violence as the principle variable. Race, age, religious affiliations, history of crime was statistically significant as predictors of violence. This journal is for anyone who is interested in reading about the relationship between race, age, religious affiliations, history of crime, and their conformity to masculine norms. I chose this journal because my topic is Constructions of Manhood and I want to understand why these men conform to masculine norms.

Arxer, S. L. (2011). HYBRID MASCULINE POWER: RECONCEPTUALIZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOMOSOCIALITY AND HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY. Humanity & Society, 35(4), 390-422. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/921994710?accountid=8023

2.This study examines hybrid hegemonic masculinity through participant observation at a college bar. The purpose of this study is to figure out if the hybrid hegemonic masculinity may make appropriate masculinities inferior. To understand hybrid hegemonic masculinity, the men who were in this study were observed and told to enact both emotional detachment and emotional expression in homosocial interactions. This study is for anyone who is interested in learning about hybrid hegemonic masculinities in a college bar setting. It is relevant to my topic because hegemonic masculinity is part of the construction of manhood. When there is an article on making hegemonic masculinity inferior, it has to be interesting! I thought that the conversations in the study helped me imagine how men would react to those types of situations.

Birbeck, D., & Drummond, M. (2006). Understanding boys' bodies and masculinity in early 	childhood. International Journal of Men's Health, 5(3), 238-250. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/222800234?accountid=8023

3.The purpose of this research was to understand when and how the notion of body image in boys ages 5-6 are created and internalized. Children ages 5-6 know little about body image and this paper focuses on that. When children are developing, it is important that we understand their knowledge and perceptions about body image. The type of audience it is written is researchers who are interested in learning more about a child’s perception of body image. This research paper is relevant to my topic because it focuses on the development of young boys body image and their masculinities.

de Visser, Richard O and Smith, Jonathan A (2007) Alcohol consumption and masculine identity among young men. Psychology and Health, 22 (5). pp. 595-614. ISSN 0887-0446

4.The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between young men’s alcohol consumption, their beliefs about masculinity, and the important of drinking is to their masculine identities. Drinking behavior is influenced by many variables. This study is conducted in the United Kingdom (London) and it discusses how individual, peer, religious affiliations and cultural factors influence young men’s (ages 18-21) alcohol consumption. The audience that this is written for is probably researchers who want to understand alcohol consumption between the ages 18-21. This is relevant to my topic because I am looking for changes in masculinity in different age groups. I want to understand the different ways that men conform to masculinity.

Levant, R. F., Wimer, D. J., Williams, C. M., Smalley, K. B., & Noronha, D. (2009). The relationships between masculinity variables, health risk behaviors and attitudes toward 	seeking psychological help. International Journal of Men's Health, 8(1), 3-21. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/222797571?accountid=8023

5.The purpose of this study is to examine how traditional masculinity ideology, the conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict are associated with risky health behaviors and negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help. The three masculine variables are related to more negative attitudes toward seeking psychological health than self-reported risky health behaviors. They found that higher gender role conflict is related to greater risk factors. This study is written for those who are affiliated with the psychology department who want to understand the correlation between traditional masculinity ideology, the conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict and self-reported risky health behaviors and negative attitudes toward that are seeking psychological help.

Mankowski, E. S., & Maton, K. I. (2010). A community psychology of men and masculinity: 	Historical and conceptual review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45(1-2), 73-86. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-009-9288-y

6.This paper discusses the power that men have because of their gender. Their individual characteristics such as social class, income, education, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or physical strength are all different. It examines men in group, organizational, and community settings to create positive individual and social change. It also examines how endorsing masculinity have many privileges, but can also damage men. Again, I think the type of audience it is written for is one that are researching material for a history of masculinity. It is relevant to my topic because it discusses the history of masculinity and the impact it has on men.

Schwalbe, M. (1997). The image of man: The creation of modern masculinity. Contemporary Sociology, 26(3), 319-321. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/233609837?accountid=8023

7.The review by Michael Schwalbe discusses the history of masculinity. Schwalbe explaints that the stereotype of modern masculinity took shape in late eighteenth-century Europe. During this time, there was rapid industrial growth and challenges to old hierarchies. The idealized image of a beautiful male was sculpted to meet the need of power and restraint reconciled in one form. This idea came from the male athletes of Greece. The structure of those male athletes became a symbol of a healthy nation and society. The type of audience this work was written to is people who want to know the history of masculinity. This is relevant to my topic because I need to uncover the history of masculinity to figure out how it was constructed.

Santiago-Menendez, M., & Campbell, A. (2013). Sadness and anger: Boys, girls, and crying in adolescence. Psychology Of Men & Masculinity, 14(4), 400-410. doi:10.1037/a0030661

8.The purpose of this study is to examine men’s resistance to crying due to their conformity to masculine role expectations. Crying is associated with a feminine characteristic and men seem to refrain from crying because they feel ashamed. Because crying is a feminine characteristic, when men cry, it seems to be more serious because apparently women cry all the time. The researchers examine two different variables that are gender-role related: empathy and depression. I believe the intended audiences for this study are psychologists and sociologists. I find it relevant to my topic because it discusses the differences in gender roles when it comes to crying. Spade, Joan Z., and Catherine G. Valentine. The kaleidoscope of gender: prisms, patterns, and possibilities. 3. ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.: Sage / Pine Forge Press, 2011. Print.

9.The purpose of this book is to explore how gender studies are constructed interpersonally, institutionally, and culturally. This book has many readings by different scholars on both genders and gives readers an insight on how gender is developed throughout parts of the world. Every individual is different, but there are patterns to gendered experiences. The audience that this book is written for is intended to students who are taking sociology courses. The material in this book is relevant to my topic because it is our textbook!

Wong, Y., Horn, A. J., & Chen, S. (2013). Perceived masculinity: The potential influence of race, racial essentialist beliefs, and stereotypes. Psychology Of Men & Masculinity, 14(4), 	452-464. doi:10.1037/a0030100

10.The study is about examining racial differences on what other people (majority White American college students) believe the masculinity of Asian American men, Black American men, and White American men are. Stereotypes of each group are measured and 8 of 11 stereotypes were pointed towards the target’s race. Asian Americans are usually the “weak” and “small” whereas Black American men are viewed as being strong and tall. Stereotypes with White Americans varied because some studies say that they are smart and educated. The audience that this study is intended for is psychologists. This study if relevant to my topic because it explores stereotypes in different men that explain their masculinities. Teek28 (talk) 23:56, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Recent edits to Masculinity
Hello, and thank you for your recent contributions. I appreciate the effort you made for our project, but unfortunately I had to undo your edit(s) because I believe the article was better before you made that change. Feel free to contact me directly if you have any questions. Thank you! Greenmaven (talk) 04:40, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

Hello, I like your page as it talks about the role of men in society now and in the past. Your cultural references to Western civilization and to European nations including Greece all show the impact of social influences of masculinity. Interestingly, men were not defined by their sexuality in some European nations, meaning that they could be homosexual but as long as they could procreate, they were still the better sex. These notions show how the male was valued more in a society. On the flipside, I like that you mentioned that in Western culture, masculinity is defined by sexuality and power. Society does judge men on how many women they can ‘get’ and their economic standing – indicative of power. I think that this page is a good view of masculinity and more information on how society defines (or influences masculinity) could be found by looking into the works of Jackson Katz and Jeremy Earp: (1999). Tough guise. Media education foundation. Web. http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/212/transcript_212.pdf. I think that you will find this interesting because Katz specifically talks about masculinity and the need to be tough in society. This video (or article) goes into how gender affects boys and girls and the roles that society and peers play in perpetuating masculinity. Dancer9d (talk) 18:02, 25 November 2013 (UTC)