User talk:Tomslocumb1/Rhopalium/Bibliography

Dr. White's critique of your first draft
Rhopalia (singular: rhopalium) are small sensory structures of Scyphozoa (typical jellyfish) and Cubozoa (box jellies). The structures typically occur in multiples of four, are bell shaped and face outward from the bell of the jelly's mantle[1]. They are each connected ectodermally to the periphery of other Rhopalia by a stalk-like projections which join extremities in a skirt-like shape. These connections form the junctions of the cnidarian central nervous system. Rhopalia vary in form, size and number, but ubiquitously consist of specialized structures to sense light (ocelli) which line the structure and regions to perceive gravity (statoliths) at their terminal tip[1]. Rhopalia are unique to the medusoid forms of Cnidarians and are best studied in Scyphozoa, within the genus Aurelia, which exhibits the most typical arrangement and structure of rhopalia in marginal indentations around the skirt of the bell which are flanked by rhopalial lappets. However, studies about the organ in Cubozoa, which exhibit the most uniquely complex rhopalial structure and visual sensory mechanisms within the phylum, are coming to reveal more detail about the mechanisms and origins of these structures. Input from rhopalia are not only crucial for Cnidaria to sense light and spatial orientation, but help to gauge and control the pace of swimming and muscle contraction[1]. In continuing to increase the breadth and depth of scientific knowledge about the origins of rhopalia and how they manifest during the process of metamorphosis is crucial to understanding sensory evolution in all metazoa, and could contribute to the progression of knowledge about the the beginnings of nervous system evolution[1]. Phylogenetic and taxonomic origins[edit source] Figure: "Cubozoan visual system: The visual system of the cubozoan Tripedalia cystophora (A) comprises four sensory structures called rhopalia (B). Each rhopalium carries six eyes of four morphological types (lower lens eye LLE, upper lens eye ULE, pit eye PE and slit eye SE) and a light sensitive neuropil (NP, red broken line). The eyes are responsible for the image formation in the animal and the light sensitive neuropil is thought to be involved in diurnal activity".[2]

Formation during metamorphosis[edit source] Morphology[edit source] Rhopalial Ocelli and Regeneration[edit source] Ocelli (the plural of ocellus) are a type of simple eye, or eyespot. They are photoreceptive, but very simple; differing from complex eyes with compound lenses, ocelli cannot morph the sensation of light into a complete image, and are utilized to sense movement and the absence and presence of light. Cnidarians are the most primitive extant animals that possess these simple eyespots; however, they exhibit an extremely wide range of phototactic behavior that ranges in complexity along side the variation in ocelli[3]. Cubozoa rhoplaial structures and their various types of ocelli are the most complex within the Cnidarian phyla, and resemble the advanced image-forming eyes of squids, octopuses and vertebrates[3].

'''Your references are formatted incorrectly. ''' 1.	^ Jump up to:a b c d Nakanishi, Nagayasu; Hartenstein, Volker; Jacobs, David K. (2009-06). "Development of the rhopalial nervous system in Aurelia sp.1 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa)". Development Genes and Evolution. 219 (6): 301–317. doi:10.1007/s00427-009-0291-y. ISSN 0949-944X. PMC 2706374. PMID 19543911. Check date values in: |date= (help) 2.	^ "File:Cubozoan visual system in Tripedalia cystophora.png - Wikipedia". commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2021-10-20. 3.	^ Jump up to:a b Stamatis, Sebastian-Alexander; Worsaae, Katrine; Garm, Anders (2018-02-01). "Regeneration of the Rhopalium and the Rhopalial Nervous System in the Box Jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora". The Biological Bulletin. 234 (1): 22–36. doi:10.1086/697071. ISSN 0006-3185.

'''Overall you did a nice job. You added a lot of good information to the article, although it was difficult to discern what you added. Nice addition of an image and GREAT job with in text citations. You should also add links to other Wikipedia pages. Be careful with italicizing Latin names. Your peer reviews have a few good suggestions as well.

''' Whiteamphipod (talk) 16:22, 22 October 2021 (UTC)