User talk:Tuesday12345

"Russian Federation" redirects here. For the Soviet republic also referred to as the "Russian Federation", see Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. For other uses of "Russia", see Russia (disambiguation).

Coordinates: 60°N 90°E Page semi-protected Russian Federation Российская Федерация Rossiyskaya Federatsiya (Russian) Flag 	Coat of arms Anthem: "Государственный гимн Российской Федерации" "Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii" (transliteration) "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" Menu 0:00 Russia proper (dark green) Crimean peninsula (disputed) (light green)a Russia proper (dark green) Crimean peninsula (disputed) (light green)a Capital and largest city 	Coat of Arms of Moscow.svg Moscow 55°45′N 37°37′E Official languages 	Russian Recognised languages 	35 other languages co-official in various regions[citation needed] Ethnic groups (2010[1])

81.0% Russian 3.7% Tatar 1.4% Ukrainian 1.1% Bashkir 1.0% Chuvash 0.8% Chechen 11.0% others / unspecified

Demonym 	Russians Government 	Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic - 	President 	Vladimir Putin - 	Prime Minister 	Dmitry Medvedev - 	Chairman of the Federation Council 	Valentina Matviyenko - 	Chairman of the State Duma 	Sergey Naryshkin Legislature 	Federal Assembly - 	Upper house 	Federation Council - 	Lower house 	State Duma Formation - 	Arrival of Rurik, considered as a foundation event by the Russian authorities[2] 	862 - 	Kievan Rus' 	882 - 	Grand Duchy of Moscow 	1283 - 	Tsardom of Russia 	16 January 1547 - 	Russian Empire 	22 October 1721 - 	Russian SFSR 	6 November 1917 - 	Soviet Union 	10 December 1922 - 	Russian Federation 	25 December 1991 - 	Adoption of the current Constitution of Russia 	12 December 1993 Area - 	Total 	17,098,242 (Crimea not included) km2 (1st) 6,592,800 (Crimea not included) sq mi - 	Water (%) 	13[3] (including swamps) Population - 	2015 estimate 	143,975,923[4] (not including the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol) (9th) - 	Density 	8.4/km2 (217th) 21.5/sq mi GDP (PPP) 	2014 estimate - 	Total 	$3.559 trillion[5] (6th) - 	Per capita 	$24,764[5] (46th) GDP (nominal) 	2014 estimate - 	Total 	$2.057 trillion[5] (9th) - 	Per capita 	$14,317[5] (53rd) Gini (2012) 	42[6] medium · 83rd HDI (2013) 	Steady 0.778[7] high · 57th Currency 	Russian ruble (RUB) Time zone 	(UTC+2 to +12) Date format 	dd.mm.yyyy Drives on the 	right Calling code 	+7 ISO 3166 code 	RU Internet TLD

.ru   .su    .рф

a. 	The Crimean Peninsula is recognized as territory of Ukraine by most of the international community, but is de facto administered by Russia.[8]

Russia (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation[9] (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia.[10] It is a federal semi-presidential republic. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's ninth most populous nation with nearly 144 million people as of 2015.[11]

Extending across the entirety of northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans nine time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait.

The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.[12] Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire,[13] beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium.[13] Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde.[14] The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America.[15][16]

Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower,[17] which played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II.[18][19] The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite, and the first man in space. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality (the sole successor state) of the Union state.[20]

The Russian economy ranks as the ninth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2014.[21] Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources, the largest reserves in the world,[22] have made it one of the largest producers of oil and natural gas globally.[23][24] The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[25] Russia is a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of In (tuesday 12345)