User talk:Umairmunir404

QUANTUM MECHANICS(AN INTRODUCTION): From my point of view quantum mechanics is a very complex theory because we have already saw the events occurs as classical (regular on macro scales) like moving ball, moving automobiles, planets revolving sun. So that’s why it is hard to deal with a micro world because we have practiced on the macro laws and theories that’s why. QM IN SIMPLE TERMS: “Basically it deals with the interaction between the smallest particles” Like: entanglement between them, tunneling through barriers and superposition of smaller particles (e.g electrons,photos etc) Also there, we got some uncertainty due to our predictions on probabilities that the electron is there or where. In quantum world particles are in superposition of both particles and waves (which was proved by Davisson-germer experiment and also our great Double-slit experiment, however they are not exactly the particles no they are not exactly like waves, they have mixture of both natures. So that was an introduction to quantum mechanics. So now I need to explain more; QUANTUM MECHANICS: INTRODUCTION: A branch of physics which deals with the interaction of very small (micro-level) particles like electrons and photons etc. Interactions between them i.e entanglement, tunneling, superposition etc.

UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE: Also the measurements on small scales were have very uncertain and their results would not be accurate, when measuring conjugated pairs i.e momentum and speed, energy and time. This all is encompassed in our uncertainty principle which was given by Werner Heisenberg.

NATURE OF LIGHT: Also there were a debate were occurring for the confirmed nature of light! In past,Newton had suggested that light is a particle and made up of tiny particles corpuscles, where Dutches had suggested that light is a wave in nature because light behaves like waves when came contact with reflection, refraction and diffraction. But there had no any solid clue for proving light’s nature. Unless when Einstein proved light is a particle by his “photoelectric effect” by which he won the Nobel prize. Along with it Sir Arthur Compton also proved the particle possibility of light by his “compton effect” which was similar to photoelectric effect but not completely due to their energy levels, photoelectric effect was a low energy effect however Compton effect was mid energy effect due to frequency of X-rays hence this Newtonian theory had worked there and the scientists proved the particle possibility of light.

EXPERIMENTS FOR LIGHT’S NATURE: But there had an experiment came which proved the wave nature of light! The experiment was the great “Double-slit experiment”. This experiment was very easy to setup but it’s results with different measurements were indigestible i.e when putting detectors on the slits and then the collapsing of wave nature. Let men give you a brief explanation of Double-slit experiment as you get the idea. Double slit experiment is an experiment in which we have a photon source (as example), two slits formed a metal sheet and a screen in a classical setup for this experiment, also we use detectors and some other lenses for different expected results. So, when the photons passes through from the two slits, they diffracted and overlapped at some points, the overlapped points become darker due to particles compression where the uncompressed part of particles (photons) is became lighter than of the compressed part and hence the interface pattern is created on the screen. Also there have a similar experiment called “Davisson-Germer experiment” which also shows the dual nature of light and hence from both of them we concluded that “light have dual natures of particles and waves” Also that experiments proved the Hypothesis to of sir Louis de-Broglie and hence after the confirmation of the hypothesis, he won the Nobel prize.

DE-BROGLIE’S HYPOTHESIS If I explain you the de-Broglie’s hypothesis in simple words so it would be “as light have both natures of particles and waves, every atom have also the both natures of particles and waves” and also he gave an equation “wavelength of matter waves is equal to the Planck’s constant per momentum of the (particle nature of) matter waves”. This equation was taken from the combination of Einstein’s and Planck’s equations of E = mc^2 and E = hv he substituted them and form that above mentioned equation.

STARTING SUPERPOSITION: So the dual nature for every atom had very fascinated and very very hard to understand because we have lived in the classical world that’s why. After it, the observing of electron and predicting it’s position is very uncertain due to having of electrons in different possibilities but we can able to make a probability of where electron is and on which momentum (speed) it is moving or flowing. That’s why I had mentioned you above that the measurements on small scales are not accurate. The existing of any thing in multiple states is called it’s “superposition” so light and also the matter is in superposition.

Hadrons
Hadrons are the subatomic particles founded inside the nucleus of an atom. They are made up of quarks and connected with each other’s through gluons. Umairmunir404 (talk) 02:39, 4 June 2024 (UTC)