User talk:Urology123

Urology – Laparoscopy, Urinary Stone Management, Pediatric Urology, Female Urology, Reconstructive Urology
The medical and surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females is known as Urology. With main focus on the reproductive system of males, this urological treatment deals with kidneys, adrenal glands, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs. It generally combines management of non-surgical problems like urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as surgical problems such as the surgical management of cancers, the correction of congenital abnormalities, and correcting stress incontinence. There are various branches of Urology like Laparoscopy, ESWL, PCNL, female urology, reconstructive urology, pediatric urology that deal with various urological disorders in men and women. While Pediatric urology concerns urologic disorders in children, female urology is a branch dealing with overactive bladder, pelvic organ prolapse, and urinary incontinence in women where as reconstructive urology is the procedure for the reconstruction of the urinary bladder.

Laparoscopy:

Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions of 0.5–1.5 cm with the aid of a camera. It can either be used to inspect and diagnose a condition or to perform surgery. Performed through smaller incisions in the abdomen, the laparoscopic surgery has number of advantages like reduced pain, short recovery time, less scarring, and reduced hemorrhaging when compared to the traditional open procedure. This is a minimal invasive procedure that has lesser risks of acquiring infections with minimum exposure of internal organs. Most of the famous kidney hospitals worldwide are said to have advanced laparoscopic surgery centers that are usually equipped with latest equipments like Harmonic scalpel, endovision camera, bipolar Laparoscopic cautery and other Laparoscopic instruments required for conducting the most effective and efficient surgery.

Urinary stone Management:

Urinary tract stones are frequent and mostly affect men rather than women. The imbalance of chemical substances like calcium, oxalate and phosphate in the kidneys causes abnormal crystallization of minerals that end up forming kidney stones. These urinary stones are smaller in the beginning and slowly grow in the kidneys. When they become large they block the flow of urine from kidneys or make their way down to ureter thus stoping the urine flow. Thus a person affected by urolithiasis faces extreme pain due to the stone getting blocked in the ureter. Fortunately there are various methods of urinary stone management that provide the best methods for treating kidney stones. The kidney stone treatment generally depends on the size, position and number of stones in the urinary system. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a standard and non-invasive technique usually adopted for disintegration of urinary calculi. This treatment reduces stones to sand-like fragments using shock waves created by a lithotripter, targeted directly to the stone. The technology is only effective if the kidney is functioning well and there is no blockage to the passage of stone fragments. Done on an outpatient basis, shock-wave lithotripsy requires less recovery time and most people can resume normal activities in a few days. After ESWL treatment, the sand-like particle will pass through the urine. In the cases of larger kidney stones that cause a blockage so severe that the stones cannot be bypassed using a stent Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) can be the best option for treatment of urinary stones while on the other hand ureteroscopy is the most preferred method for treatment of mid- and lower-ureteral stones which involves the use of ureteroscopes, small flexible or semi-rigid telescopes that can be inserted up the urethra, through the bladder and into the ureter without an incision.