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Balaisa
BALAISA FIRST BOOK - BALAISA DIĒKO ŞỸ 1. INTRODUCTION - JEŞŌ “ The principal difficulties to be overcome were:

1) To render the study of the language so easy as to make its acquisition mere play to the learner.

2) To enable the learner to make direct use of his knowledge with persons of any nationality, whether the language be universally accepted or not; in other words, the language is to be directly a means of international communication.

3) To find some means of overcoming the natural indifference of mankind, and disposing them, in the quickest manner possible, and en masse, to learn and use the proposed language as a living one, and not only in last extremities, and with the key at hand.”

Zamenhof

“ Cuiōi parkabugā sabin dāta:

1) Basasy lerem sœ kolāi çensōga als danjī joga lerentēme eldesahōm magā.

2) Ekvēi kuokkusetīk runanvē ziksetsūi iaçahōsy utzem magā eikabīk, sawkān basa pacāna iarirēi niarirēi; aɣēi vocindē, basa ziksecūna ēnta kuokkusēi balaşisy zindela idagā.

3) Kelkẙ tebāri ubuntusy mukanşym parkabugā dẙ zindelam milāk, ve sondepuneşpa, mabistāi kabīli şekedē, ve mazadē, propunerēi basam als ēnta zivadẙm dāitatō leregā utzegāpās, niē lāsti kiekkitendēdakēpās, ve soşyvē hadidē."

Zamenhof’s Translation to Balaisa. Zamenhofsy Balaisame Upsece

Balaisa Basa or, as literally translated, “Language towards Connexion, Langconn)”, is a constructed language that comprises a very regular and standarized grammar as well as a rich and easily comprehensible lexicon. Words for this lexicon are loaned from 25 main languages sorted by their number of speakers. Moreover, syntax, grammar and lexicon will also emerge from some other 25 additional minority languages and 5 other classical ones. This classification doesn’t prevent other languages or dialects to occasionally contribute to the formation of more vocabulary. Note: Balara Language may be written in several writing systems, although it is preferred to use Latin alphabet

2. GRAMMAR: THE FIFTEEN RULES - BASAFA: JUTEN GUCEN 1. ARTICLES There is no definite ARTICLE (English the); there is only an indefinite article singular ēnmio for people, ēnko for objects, ēnta for ideas, ēnkor for animals, ēnzo for plants and other living things, alike for all genders and cases (English a, an).

EXAMPLE

書 Şẙ - book, the book

一個書 Ēnko şẙ - a book

書乃 Şẙn - books

The main difference between the use of articles in Balaisa and in English is that, in Balaisa, a singular noun without an article may be used to indicate an entire class.

EXAMPLE

狮子危险乙動物的�앗 Shingi hatāri domu dās - Lions are dangerous animals, or "the lion is a dangerous animal".

2. NOUNS Nouns have the ending in A, U, O (1); E, I or Œ (2); CONSONANT (plus SILENT I) or in TWO CONSONANTS plus I (3). To form plural, add the ending –n.

2.1 Vowel harmony: Suffixes and prefixes with X ending vowel apply the major vowel harmony law: the suffix or prefix will end with A, Y, U, O (1); E, I, Ü or Œ depending on whether its last vowel was.

EXAMPLE

najaiaçā - we don't know

Some other suffixes with AE, YI, UÜ, OŒ ending joint vowels apply the minor harmony law: suffix last vowel will be -A/ -Y/ -U/ -O (1) or E/ -I/ -Ü / -Œ (2) respectively depending on whether its last vowel belonged to the first group (1) or the second group (2) respectively.

EXAMPLES

sānko şẙnmy jā heidūta - he already read three books

jārko nekonmy aihē - I have four cats

ranginmi akontā. I count the days

2.2 Accusative Accusative (direct object) singular case can be obtained by adding the suffix -m(y/i) and to form plural, add the ending –(i)nm + y/i. (Sanskrit "-am; Turkish "ın”)

EXAMPLE

Inunbūt hajinsy nekonmy hasabutāk goguşpa çusēta. - Those dogs chased the boys' cats to that house while barking.

2.3 Genitive Genitive can be obtained by adding -sy (English of, and possessive ‘s); to form plural add the ending -nsy instead. (Turkish - sı)

EXAMPLE

Dostikūnsy inu kühetīdē tabem mō ūta - Your friends’ dog ate all the food in my kitchen.

2.4 Dative Dative is expressed by adding –me (English to), and to form plural add the ending –nme. (Guarani ‘-me’)

EXAMPLE

Dōstiinē ekvēi vohaieusÿ rā mō hasakūme lajāk - His friends will also come to your house any day of this week.

2.5 Ablative Ablative is expressed by adding the ending –tīk, and to form plural add the ending –ntīk to the plural form. (Euskara -tik)

EXAMPLES

Hasatītīk ēnta vihdai shimum tume gasugā ailāta. I came from my house to tell you an important matter.

Iamantīk toiaragā heilāta. He came from the mountains to see you.

2.6 Diminutive and augmentative Diminituvie is formed by adding the ending -j (Turkish ‘-c’) and stressing last vowel with a ‘-’ tilde; to form the augmentative add the ending -jāga (Russian ‘-jága’) EXAMPLE Ēk mei inum heihē. He has a pretty dog. Ēk mei inujim heihē. He has a pretty little dog. Ēk inujāga lakān. A big dog is coming.

2.7 Honorifics Attached to the first name or surname of a person.

PREPOSITIONS

1.Neutral respectful, “Mr., Ms.”: Bāi. Beiēn, Baiān (Turkish)

2. High admiration, “Wise”: Amauta (Quechua)

3. For close friends and family, “esteemed”: Saiẙn (Turkish)

4. For people of lesser age: Mas

EXAMPLES

Bāi/Beiēn Wang bitehēvē, Qin çān, zatra lajāk - Mr. Wang will come tomorrow with his son, Qin

John hobēi, lerentētī, Alemaigne samāsy şẙnvē ibāi entuziasi - John, my student, is very enthusiastic of Madame Alemaigne’s books.

My best friend Samantha is coming with her mother, Ms. Robinson - Mera sāi dostitī saiẙn Samantha maitahāvē, Bāi Robinson, lakān

POSTPOSITIONS

1. Honorific, neutral “honorable”: Sī (Korean)

2. For strangers, respectful: Nīm (Korean)

3. For friends: Kūn (Japanese; Vietnamese)

4. When referring to people of upper position or age than oneself, “Mr., Ms.”: Sān (Japanese)

5. For kids, or to imply cuteness: Çān (Japanese)

6. For students or apprentices: Hobēi (M. Chinese)

7. For teachers: Lauşy (M. Chinese)

8. Deep admiration and respect; “Sir, Madamme”: Samā (Japanese)

9. Insulting: Iā (Korean)

10. Formal disrespect: Kisamā (Japanese)

Postposition can be attached to prepositions to form new honorific nouns and prepositions with plural meaning.

EXAMPLES

Baisamā- “Ladies and Gentlemen” (or Mrs. and Ms.)

Saiẙnlauşy, hœigiēume vajaihangemās- Dear teachers, we welcome you to this meeting

Omāiā! Kam ab reifāta? (Informal) Hey, you! What did you do now?

3. ADJECTIVES Adjectives have two classes. Cases and numbers don’t apply to them, unless it is a or nominal adjective (Japanese). Adjective form can be obtained by adding -i and STRESSING its preceding VOWEL. For gentilices, -add ending -r. For jobs and professions, add ending -ju. EXAMPLE

To obtain nominal form or topic (nominal sentence), add the nominal suffix -(i)dẙ (M. Chinese “de”. Turkish “-dığ-”) to the adjective form; to form plural add -(i)ndẙ.

EXAMPLES

Kazei- windy, lamsāi- slow, bulūi- cloudy carīkhi- necessary

Nominal Adjectives Singular: Kazedẙ, Lamsadẙ, Buludẙ, Mabidẙ - “The windy one, the slow one, the small one, the cloudy one, the eastern one, the necessary one” or “The one that is windy, the one that is slow, the one that is small, the one that is cloudy, the one that is eastern, the one that is necessary”

Nominal Adjectives Plural: Kazendẙ, Lamsandẙ, Bulundẙ, Mabindẙ - “The windy ones, the slow ones, the small ones, the cloudy ones, the eastern ones, the necessary ones” or “The ones that are windy, the ones that are slow, the ones that are small, the ones that are cloudy, the one that are eastern, the one that are necessary”

EXAMPLES

umaiēu olamsastāidy, lekin grisidybūt mābistāidyntīk iēn - this horse is the slowest one, but that gray one is one of the fastest (ones).

mera keçí nekoiēu mera gēdi nekobūtmy cusētakān, hankēna ava mesta gēdi okatsu dẙ dāta - this smaller cat was chasing that bigger cat, finally though the biggest was the winning one

mābistaidydakē bisamiēu kacujāk - only the fastest one will win this competition / match

hasabūt als bis omēra gēdi - that house is bigger than mine

3. ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS Cases and numbers don’t apply to adjectives or adverbs, unless it is a nominal adjective (Japanese). Adjective form can be obtained by adding -i and STRESSING its preceding VOWEL. Resulting in -āi, -ēi, -ōi, -ūi, -stressed vowel + consonant + i, -stressed vowel + two consonants + ī

To form adverbs, add -(ī)na  and also STRESS its preceding VOWEL; (Arabic -na; Quechua -hina). For gentilices, -add ending -r (M. Chinese “rén”; Romanic F. French -aire) and also STRESS its preceding VOWEL. For jobs and professions, add ending -ju (M. Chinese “yuan”; Turkish “-cu”).

To obtain nominal form or topic (nominal sentence), add the nominal suffix -idẙ (M. Chinese “de”. Turkish “-dığ-”) to the adjective form; to form plural add -(i)ndẙ.

EXAMPLES

Kazei- windy, lamsāi- slow, bulūi- cloudy carīkhi- necessary

Nominal Adjectives Singular: Kazeidẙ, Lamsaidẙ, Buluidẙ, Mabidẙ.

“The windy one, the slow one, the small one, the cloudy one, the eastern one, the necessary one” or “The one that is windy, the one that is slow, the one that is small, the one that is cloudy, the one that is eastern, the one that is necessary”

Nominal Adjectives Plural: Kazendẙ, Lamsandẙ, Bulundẙ, Mabindẙ.

“The windy ones, the slow ones, the small ones, the cloudy ones, the eastern ones, the necessary ones” or “The ones that are windy, the ones that are slow, the ones that are small, the ones that are cloudy, the one that are eastern, the one that are necessary”

EXAMPLES

umaiēu lamsastaidẙ, lekin grīsidẙbūt mābistaidẙntīk oiēnzek - this horse is the slowest one, but that gray one is one of the fastest (ones)

mera keçí nekoiēu mera gēdi nekombūt cusētakān, hankēna ava mesta gēdi katsunta dāta - this smaller cat was chasing that bigger cat, finally though the biggest was the winning one

mabistaidẙdakē bisanmiēu kacujāk - only the fastest one will win this competition / match

hasabūt als bis omera gēdi - that house is bigger than mine

4. NUMERALS The basic NUMERALS (not declined) are: ēn, dů sān, jār, tā, hōk, sāt, ākh, jū, tēnn, sēnn, tēnsēnn [English one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand].

(Hindi, French, M. Chinese, Marathi, Mongolian,, Hindi, Persian, German, ,Japanese, English, Chinese, English and Chinese).

Tens and hundreds are formed by simple juxtaposition of the numerals. To show ordinal numbers we add -miō for people; -ko for physical objects and things; -ta for ideas and abstract things; -zek for animals; -zo for plants and other living things; for multiples, the suffix -obli; for fractions [actually, reciprocals], -va; for collectives, -mō; for divisionals, the prefix di-. Noun and adverb numerals can also be used.

(Korean -myeong, Japanese -ko, Bengali -ta, C. Chinese -zek, M. Chinese -zhong; Ind. F. Esperanto -obli, Marathi ‘-va’, Japanese ‘mo’, M. Chinese ‘dì-’)

EXAMPLES

hasaieudē sānzek uman inār - there are three horses in this house.

onnabūt tāuzo saçam haihē. That woman has five trees.

Ēnko şymdakē aidūta - I only read one book.

my sānoblim jainē - we want the triple.