User talk:Venu62/Chola rewrite

Pre-historic period

 * c. 30,000 BCE-Paleolithic industries in north Tamil Nadu
 * c. 8000-3000 BCE-Pre-pottery microlithic industries
 * c. 3000-1000 BCE-Neolithic and fine microlithic industries
 * c. 1000-100 BCE-Megalithic age

Proto historic period

 * c. 250 BCE-Asoka's inscription recording the four tribes (Chera, Cholas, Pandya and Satyaputra) of the Tamil country
 * c. 200 BCE-Elara, a Tamil prince and contemporary of Dutte Gamini, rules Lanka
 * c. 150 BCE-Kharavela of Kalinga records his conquest of a federation of Tamil kings in his Hathigumpha inscription
 * c. 100 BCE-Tamil Brahmi prevalent as the Tamil script

Sangam age

 * c. 100 BCE-200 CE-Sangam age during which the books of Sangam Literature were created
 * c. 130-Chera king Udayanjeral rules in the Chera country
 * c. 175-195-Gajabahu I of Lanka a contemporary of Chera Senguttuvan and Karikala Chola
 * c. 190-Chera Kadukko Ilanjeral Irumporai rules in the Chera country
 * c. 200-Writing becomes widespread and vattezuttu evolved from the Tamil Brahmi becomes a mature script for writing Tamil
 * c. 210-Pandya Neduncheliyan rules in Madurai and defeats his enemies at the battle of Talaiyalanganam

Post-Sangam period

 * c. 300-590-Kalabhras invade the Tamil country and displace the traditional rulers
 * c. 300-500-Post Sangam period, Tamil epics such as Silappatikaram written

Pallava and Pandya

 * c. 560-580-Pallava Simhavishnu overthrows the Kalabhras in Tondaimandalam
 * c. 560-590-Pandya Kadungon rules from Madurai and displaces the Kalabhras from the south
 * c. 590-630-Pallava Mahendravarman I rules in Kanchipuram
 * c. 610-Saiva saint Tirunavukkarasar (Appar) converts Mahendravarman from Jainism
 * c. 628-Chalukya Pulakesi II invades the Pallava kingdom and lays siege on Kanchipuram
 * c. 630-668 Pallava Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) rules in Tondaimandalam
 * c. 642-Pallava Narasimhavarman I launches a counter invasion into the Chalukya country and sacks Vatapi. Pulakesi is killed in battle
 * c. 670-700 CE-Pandya Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman rules in Madurai
 * c. 700-728-Pallava Rajasimha builds the Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram and many of the shore temples in Mamallapuram
 * c. 700-730-Pandya Ranadhira (Koccadayan) expands the Pandya kingdom into the Kongu country
 * c. 731-Succession crisis in the Pallava kingdom. Council of ministers select Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) (731-796) as the Pallava king
 * c. 731-765-Pandya Maravarman Rajasimha aligns with the Chalukya Vikramaditya II and attacks the Pallava king Nandivarmam
 * c. 735-Chaluka Vikramaditya II invades the Pallava country and occupies the capital Kanchipuram
 * c. 760-Pallava Nandivarman II invades and defeats the Ganga kingdom at the battle of Villande
 * c. 765-815-Pandya Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (Varaguna Pandyan) rules in Madurai
 * c. 767-Pandya forces defeat the Pallavas on the south banks of the Kaveri
 * c. 800-830-Varagunan I becomes Pandya king and extends his empire upto Tiruchirapalli by defeating the Pallava king Dandivarman
 * c. 830-862-Pandya Sirmara Srivallabha rules in Madurai
 * c. 840-Srimara invades Lanka and captures the northern provices of the Lanka king Sena I
 * c. 850 -Rice of Vijayalaya Chola in Tanjavur
 * c. 846-869-Pallava Nadivarman III leads an invasion against the Pandya kingdom and defeats the Pandyas at the battle of Tellaru. Pallava kingdom extnds up to the river Vaigai
 * c. 859-Pandya Srivallaba defeats the Pallavas at a battle at Kumbakonam
 * c. 862-Sinhala forces under Sena II invade the Pandya coutry and sack Madurai. Srimara is killed in battle

Chola period

 * c. 903 -Aditya Chola defeats the Pallava king Aparajita
 * c. 949 -Battle of Takkolam. Rashtrakuta Krishna III defeats the Chola army
 * c. 985 -Accession of Rajaraja Chola I
 * c. 1010 -Rajaraja completes the Brihadisvara Temple
 * c. 1012 -Accession of Rajendra Chola I
 * c. 1023 -Rajendra's expedition to the Ganges
 * c. 1025 -Chola navies defeat the king of Srivijaya
 * c. 1041 -Rajendra invades Lanka
 * c. 1054 -Rajadhiraja Chola dies in the battle of Koppam against Western Chalukyas
 * c. 1070 -Accession of Kulothunga Chola I
 * c. 1080 -Kamban writes hisRamavatharam in Kulothunga Chola II's court

Pandya revival and Muslim rule

 * 1251 -Accession Jatavarman Sundara Pandya
 * 1279 -End of the Chola dynasty with the death of Rajendra Chola III
 * 1268-1310 - Maravarman Kulasekhara Pandya rules in Madurai
 * 1308 -Malik Kafur a general of Allaudin Khilji invades Devagiri en route to Tamil Nadu
 * 1310 -Sundara Pandya, son of Kulasekara Pandya kills his father and becomes king. In the ensuing civil war he is defeated by his brother Vira Pandya.
 * 1311 -Malik Kafur, invades Pandya country and attacks Madurai
 * 1327-1370 Madurai under the rule of Madurai Sultanate

Vijayanagar and Nayak period

 * 1370 - Kumara Kampana, the Vijayanagara ruler captures the entire Tamil country
 * 1522 -Portugese land on the Coromandal coast
 * 1535 -Achyuta Raya of Vijayanagara appoints Sevappa Nayak, who established the Nayak dynasty at Tanjavur
 * 1535-1590 -Sevappa Nayak rules as the first independent Nayak ruler in Tanjavur
 * 1600-1645 -Ragunatha Nayak, the greatest of the Tanjavur Nayaks

European colonisation

 * 1609, the Dutch establish a settlement in Pulicat
 * 1639 East India Company purchases Chennapatinam and establishes Fort St.George
 * 1675 -Maratha army from Bijapur marches into Tanjavur, Ekoji declares himself king
 * 1692 Nawab of Arcot established by Nawab Zulfiqar Ali Khan, a viceroys of the Moghul Emperor
 * 1746 La Bourdonnais of the French East India company attacks and takes Fort St.George

East India Company

 * 1749 British regain Fort St.George through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle arising out of the War of the Austrian Succession
 * 1751 Robert Clive attacks Arcot and takes it with only 500 men
 * 1756 The British and the French sign the first Carnatic treaty. Mahommed Ali Walajah, was recognized as Nawab of Carnatic
 * 1759 French under Thomas Arthur, Comte de Lally,attack Madras
 * 1760 Battle of Vandavasi between the British and the French. Birth of Veerapandya Kattabomman
 * 1767 Hyder Ali, Sultan of Mysore attacks Madras, but defeated by the British at the Battle of Chengam
 * 1773 -British Government passes the Regulating Act. The administration of Madras comes under British Government review
 * 1777-1832 - Serfoji rules in Tanjavur
 * 1799 -Serfoji cedes the Tanjavur kingdom to the British. Kattabomman executed by British
 * 1803 -Bentick appointed governer of Madras
 * 1806 -East India Company's Indian soldiers in Vellore mutiny against governer Bentinck. 114 British officers killed and 19 mutineers executed.

British Rule

 * 1909 -British Government passes the Indian Councils Act. Madras Legistlative Council formed
 * 1921 -First regional elections held in Madras. Justice party forms government
 * 1927 -Madras Congress passes a resolution for 'Full Independence'
 * 1928 -Simon Comission visits Madras. mass protests results in several deaths
 * 1937 -Congress party under C. Rajagopalachari wins provincial elections and forms government in Madras
 * 1938 -E.V. Ramasamy Naicker organises a separatist agitation demanding Dravidanadu consisting of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra pradesh and Kerala
 * 1941 -Indian Muslim League holds its congress in Madras. Muhammad Ali Jinnah delivers keynote speech
 * 1944 -E.V. Ramasamy Naicker and C.N. Annadurai organises Dravida Kalagam

Post independence period

 * 1947 -Madras Presidency, comprising of Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka established
 * 1953 -Madras state comes into being along linguistic lines
 * 1968 -Widespread agitations in response to the Federal Government's directive of Hindi being the National Language
 * 1968 -Madras state becomes Tamil Nadu (Land of the Tamils)