User talk:Vhutton1

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– the WikiProject Medicine team Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 18:07, 23 April 2019 (UTC)

Text you added
"Prenatal maternal stress

Studies have found an association between prenatal stressful events and ADHD symptoms in children. Maternal prenatal stressful events range from common stressful events, such as pregnancy problems, death of close family members or friends, money problems, job loss, to severe stressful events, such as physical/emotional abuse or imprisonment of spouse. Multiple prenatal stressful events are associated with a more severe portrayal of ADHD symptoms in children.

Studies have found conflicting results towards which trimester is most vulnerable. A 2008 study found that increased stress during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of ADHD behaviors. A 2005 study found that the first half of pregnancy is most vulnerable in determining risk of ADHD symptoms.

Childhood abuse/neglect

A large body of literature has investigated the developmental neurological impact of exposure to violence in early childhood (See Child Abuse). Common associated behaviors are anxiety, impulsivity, aggression, distractibility and hyperactivity - behaviors that are typical of ADHD.

Several studies have found that young children exposed to mild to severe abuse and neglect present higher rates of ADHD symptoms. A 2018 study found that adolescents who were exposed to abuse/neglect as young children were more likely to present ADHD behaviors that fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Also, this study found that exposure to multiple victimizations increased the risk in developing ADHD symptoms. Common consensus across studies concluded that mistreatment earlier in life, increased risk of ADHD diagnosis later in life.

In addition, children with ADHD have been associated with higher rates of mistreatment than children without ADHD. Specifically, inattention domain has been more associated with sexual abuse while hyperactivity/impulsivity has been associated with neglect and physical abuse. Studies have hypothesized that children who present more inattention behaviors are less likely to be diagnosed and therefore may be more at risk for maltreatment.

Poverty

Although research has shown that ADHD is not a direct cause of poverty, several studies have demonstrated how poverty indirectly affects ADHD. Multiple studies have found a higher prevalence of violence including sexual abuse, domestic abuse, and child mistreatment. Other risk factors associated with poverty include higher prevalence of low birth weight, premature birth, exposure to toxins, and intrauterine exposure to drugs, smoking and alcohol. Many of these risk factors have been associated with an increased risk in ADHD symptoms in children. Thus, through indirect mechanisms, poverty affects ADHD behaviors.

Additionally, a 2015 study found that adverse experiences and less parental involvement increased the risk of children having ADHD. This study suggested that parental involvement may act as a mediator between SES and ADHD. "

Refs
Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 18:12, 23 April 2019 (UTC)
 * First ref is a primary source from a Frontiers journal. We tend to avoid that journal do to quality concerns. (been labeled as possibly predatory in the past)
 * Second ref is a primary source
 * As is the third ref and the fifth ref

ADHD
Hi... can you tell me differency between Adult ADHD and Borderline personality disorder ?--رئال بارسلون (talk) 15:47, 1 June 2019 (UTC)