User talk:Vibhakti

Information about Integrated circuits First came the transistors

The transistor was invented in 1947 by a team of Bell Laboratories scientists who were trying to find the replacement for the vacuum tubes.The vacuum tube,which up to that time was not only large,but inefficient and expensive.John Bardeen and Walter Brattain,both of whom had been researching the properties of semiconductors,and William Shockley,whose specialty was solid state physics,launched a series of experiments aimed at using solid material rather than vacuum tube to amplify electronic signals.The trio of scientists won the Noble prize in physics in 1956.

Today,transistor-based technology runs everything from microwaves and cell phone to powerful communication networks around the world.Today,Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group make some of the smallest and fastest transistors in the world,packing as many as 5 million transistors on a single chip and 200 chips on a single 8 inch wafer.