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MRSECs facilitate active collaborations between academic institutions and other sectors, and encourage the integration of research and education.

MRSECs form an significant component of NSF's center-based research portfolio, but are also of historical importance. MRSECs were established by NSF in 1994 but have their roots in the NSF Materials Research Laboratories (MRLs) started in 1972, which in turn evolved from the Interdisciplinary Laboratories (IDLs) initiated by the Department of Defense in 1960. These cross-disciplinary, center-based activities required significant changes in how materials research and education were carried out at academic institutions. The IDLs/MRLs are credited with contributing to the accelerating growth of Materials Science and Engineering Departments in the U.S.  in the 1960s to 1980s. R.L. Sproull.