User talk:Williamborg/sandbox2

Rathdrum Prairie Sandbox (a work in progress)
The Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie reach is immediately downstream of the breakout point of Lake Missoula, hence the estimated maximum discharge rate by O'Connor and Baker (1992) fairly accurately constrains the maximum possible outflow condition from Lake Missoula. We adopted the hydrograph proposed by O'Connor and Baker (1992) with the maximum discharge of 17 × 106m3/s and total amount of water (2184 km3) equal to the volume of Lake Missoula. We also assumed that the depth of flood erosion is small compared with the maximum water depth and the present-day topography is close to the late Pleistocene one.

We assumed that the discharge rate calculation (O'Connor and Baker, 1992) at the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie conducted by the 2-dimensional HEC-2 program using high-water marks obtained in the field is reliable.

Geology
"The Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer (RPA) is a deposit largely made up of sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders. The RPA extends south from the Bonner-Kootenai County boundary toward the cities of Coeur d'Alene and Post Falls and west to the Idaho-Washington state line. The aquifer extends into Washington and becomes part of the larger Rathdrum-Spokane Aquifer."

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The MOTHER LODE of all material.

History
"Kootenai and Coeur d'Alene Indian tribes were early inhabitants of the area. In the mid-1800s, settlers, miners, and explorers started to traverse the region. Between 1853 and 1861, Lieutenant John Mullen completed a 624-mile road between Fort Walla Walla in Washington and Fort Benton in Montana, connecting the Missouri and Columbia Watersheds. Completion of the road and discovery of gold brought an influx of settlers."

"In 1879, Fort Sherman was established on the northern shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene as a trading post and later expanded as the railroad completed a line through the area and mining became more established. The photo above shows Fort Sherman around 1890. Blackwell Island and the Spokane River are in the foreground, and Lake Coeur d'Alene and Tubbs Hill are in the background. Agricultural development on the Rathdrum Prairie consisted of dry-farming hay and oats to meet the needs of the army and the mining and lumber industries."

"As the population grew on the Rathdrum Prairie, so did agricultural development. Between 1889 and 1966, a number of irrigation districts were formed, supplying water for agriculture from Twin, Hayden, and Hauser Lakes. There were a total of five irrigation districts: 1) Interstate Irrigation District, which later became the Hayden Lake Irrigation District, 2) Avondale Irrigation District, 3) Dalton Gardens Irrigation District, 4) Post Falls Irrigation District, and 5) East Greenacres Irrigation District. Hayden Lake was used as a water supply for Hayden Lake, Avondale, Dalton Gardens, and Post Falls Irrigation Districts, while East Greenacres Irrigation District received water from Twin Lakes through Rathdrum Creek and associated ditches (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 2007). Combined, the five districts provided water to irrigate over 10,000 acres on the Rathdrum Prairie."

Overdeepening Sandbox (a work in progress)
Overdeepening is a characteristic feature of glacially formed fjords.

Fjords are found in locations where current or past glaciation extended below current sea level. A fjord is formed when a glacier downwastes, or melts faster than it is moving, after carving its typical U-shaped valley, and the sea fills the resulting valley floor. This forms a narrow, steep sided inlet (plunging up to 1900 m or 6300 ft below sea level) connected to the sea. Overdeepening of the glacier bed is common, which when combined with the terminal moraine often deposited at the fjord's entrance, usually results in shallower water at the neck of the fjord than in the main body of the fjord. Overdeepenings form near glacier heads or anywhere along the length of a glacier, but are prominent in downglacier reaches (i.e., areas where the glacier dropped significantly tend to be overdeepened at the base of the ice descent). >

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Sea fjords
The DPRK carried out an initial nuclear test on 9 October 2006. The first North Korean nuclear test on 9 October 2006 was detected immediately by the United Nation’s Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization seismic stations, despite its small yield; the findings were subsequently corroborated by the detection of radioactive noble gases from the test. As a result the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1718 condemning the test and demanding that the DPRK give up nuclear weapons. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea carried out a subsequent underground nuclear test on 25 May 2009. Sig Hecker, former director of Los Alamos National Laboratory, indicated that the DPRK program holds the potential for producing about six to eight bombs. Their initial weapons produced a limited-success nuclear test on 9 October 2006, with a yield estimated at between 0.3 to 1.0 kiloton.

The DPRK’s Korean Central News Agency announced that the 25 May 2009 test had demonstrated an increase in explosive power over its low-yield 2006 nuclear test. Russia's Defense Ministry said that it had confirmed this test occurred and estimated its yield at 10 to 20 kilotons - comparable to the bombs dropped by the US on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.

References and notes
Category:Landforms Category:Fjords Category:Glaciology --->