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3D Printing And Conflicts

Introduction: Imagine this, you actually can create almost anything that just crosses your mind, no mater where you are, a computer and a 3D printer will fulfill your dream. There is now technology available for food production, medical, and education fields. This paper will inform and testified the conflicts within 3D printing by looking at potential benefits, legal and ethical issues, security concerns, and social problems aspects show that 3D printing will benefit the person and society.

Background: The 3D Printing technology come from the process of “additive manufacturing” and  “rapid prototyping”,  they were first put into use “during the late 1980s and early 1990s”. Prototypes are the product being cautious testified and examined before going to the market by the production company. Rapid prototyping allowed the production company building the prototypes faster than ever, usually done in the brainstorming process of the product. In rapid prototyping, designers create models using “computer-aided design (CAD)” software, then the machine receive information from the software and see how this product are being put together. During the process of building that prototype by physically "printing" the product’s “cross-sections” layer by layer became known as The 3-D printing technology. (Crawford, 2011) This technology provides a much more convenient and cheaper substitute way to the traditional machining by saving all the steps like cutting, turning, grinding and drilling solid materials. (PC MAG) The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the 3D Systems company are the pioneer of the development of 3-D printing technologies. In the early 1990s, MIT developed a technique using the name of the 3-D Printing as their symbol of trade, and using “3DP” as the official initial. MIT has authorized licenses to six companies to use to encourage the development of 3DP products. (Crawford, 2011) The technologies that used in the 3D printer are “Electron Beam Melting (EBM): Using an electron beam that melts metal powder a layer at a time in a vacuum chamber, EBM machines are used to create titanium and cobalt chrome parts.”; “Color 3D Printing: The 3D printers from Z Corporation using jet color binders onto powdered, composite materials one layer at a time, enabling the fabrication of fully printed prototypes.”; “Medical Breakthroughs: Surgeons can preview a patient's bones and organs and save hours of time at the operating table. In addition, 3D printers can make generic and custom implants.” and “Jetting Liquid Polymer: Similar to inkjet printers, Objet's PolyJet piezoelectric print heads use thousands of nozzles to jet 16 micron layers of photopolymer that are immediately cured by UV light.”. (PC MAG) There are also some companies does 3D printing, for examples: “Z Corporation, Objet Geometries and Stratasys” also brought advanced new rapid prototyping products. There are various methods used in the 3D printing, but all of the 3D printers use methods of "additive fabrication". It is the method that “building the part one layer at a time, with layers ranging from a millimeter to less than 1/1,000th of an inch. The building material can be a liquid, powder or sheet material that is cured by heat, UV light, a chemical reaction or other method” (PC MAG).

Potential Benefits: There are a lot of benefits that you can receive from the 3D printers. First: There are a lot of business opportunities that can grow within this, there are marketplace websites that can help you build stuff that you wanted and a you can choose to make a business with them. Web site like http://cubify.com/. You just have to download or create a 3D file and sent it to the website, and the website is able to send you the product you want from graphic to object, you can make a small production line just for you. You don’t actually have to find production lines or rich cooperative company and go through all the annoying steps, as a designer can start a small business through 3D printers. (Brown, 2013) In the Consumer Electronics Show 3D printing section, 3D Systems's Sugar Lab are very unique and popular in this show, “the booth's display of elaborate cakes and candies whose confectionery components have been constructed inside a 3D printer” (Garber, 2014). Second: educational and health benefits. Teachers with the skill of the 3D printers, can print out solid study aids in class. “Surgeons can preview a patient's bones and organs and save hours of time on the operating table. In addition, 3D printers can make generic and custom implants.” (PC MAG) For the patients don’t have too much money who lose arms or legs, don’t need to settle on uncomfortable general “one sizes fits all” artificial limb, 3D printing enables them to have the custom design artificial limbs that actually fits them (Brown, 2013). “Time's article from earlier this month on the work of Not Impossible Labs makes for powerful reading: a project using 3D printers to make low-cost prosthetic limbs for amputees, including Sudanese bomb-blast victim Daniel Omar.” (Dredge, 2014)

Legal: 3D printing is rapidly growing and facing legal challenges while rapidly growing. There is a big argument about whether or not people who is “printing” the object is “stealing” from the web site that shared the 3D files. But in many cases, the 3D printer fans are actually creating objects that based on the original design. The United States copyright laws are unclear about the protections and the violating terms of the 3D designs. But states that “promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts.”  The courts and the Congress have to really consider about the outcome of the economic growth because the home-based small business that exchanges locally can globally. (Shapiro, 2014) Ethical Issues: There is technology available to 3D print unborn babies. Normally parents will go to hospitals to check he health of their baby through the 4D ultrasound images/videos in the womb, but this is the quality of the images are often low and looks blurry. “3D Babies, didn't have much luck with a crowdfunding campaign last year, raising $1,225 of its $15,000 goal. Even so, its website is up and running, offering eight-inch "custom life-size baby" models for $800 a pop.” (Dredge, 2014) This kind of product is very controversial in the Christian religion, they don’t believe in ultrasound, they think there is possibly after your ultrasound diagnose that baby is unhealthy in some way that make you want to abort the baby. In their believe is unethical that you kill a human person in any type of form.

Security Concerns: There security risks during the 3D printing process. When a designer uploads their 3D design file through the internet, there are a few possibilities that your copyright work are being stolen. The website often not in HTTPS, there is a risk of people stealing designer’s work through spyware. The website has risk being attacked from computer hackers and steals to the designer work files and sell it to alternative buyers. From website to manufacture there is a possibility that a designer’s work will be lost or stolen. There is risk during the transfer process.

Social Problems: It’s totally amazing that people were able develop home based small business that we're able to trade within neighbors. Imagine if this business grows, the demand of labor is down, it maybe affects the unemployment rates. Because of the raw material for the printer additives, printer production, and training people…etc are still required for the labor market, so it might be effect but not much difference. Another point of view is that because this technology enables you have infinite inventory, for fashion, there will be no seasonal clothing, and scarcity won’t become a problem (Brown, 2013), that throw all the traditional business thinking away.

Further Required Research: There are still a lot of the future development technologies in 3D printing. In the future, there will be technology available for doctors to print three dimensional living cells field. The theory is that in the next twenty years or so, 3D printing will be able to print out replacement of living tissues and organs. That enables doctors to print out living cells with complex structures like blood vessels and skin tissues (Brown, 2013)  This technology will help surgeons saving more lives by getting the replacement cell parts in a short period of time, and the patient doesn’t need to wait for a matching organ donor to do the surgery (Brown, 2013).

Conclusion: Form the potential benefits, legal and ethical issues, security concerns, and social problems aspects show there is still negative sides of conflict towards 3D printing, but the beneficial side of it in now and future is uncountable, it’s a revolution that will change a lot traditional thinking, eventually will this technology will help us create a better world.

Reference Brown, K. (2013, Feb 28). Will 3D Printing Change the World? | Off Book | PBS Digital Studios” [Youtube] Education. Retrieved February 20, 2014 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5AZzOw7FwA#t=23 Crawford, S. (2011, March 01). How 3-d printing works. Retrieved February 20, 2014 from How Stuff Works website: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/3-d-printing1.htm Dredge, S. (2014, January 29). 30 things being 3D printed right now (and none of them are guns). Retrieved from February 20, 2014 The Guardian website: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/29/3d-printing-limbs-cars-selfies Garber, M. (2014, January 08). What 3d-printed cake tastes like. Retrieved February 21, 2014 from The Altantic website: http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/what-3d-printed-cake-tastes-like/282904/ (n.d.). Encyclopedia:definition of:3d printing. Retrieved February 21, 2014 from PC MAG website: http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/37077/3d-printing Shapiro, G. (2014, January 17). 3d printers will soon change the world, if it's not strangled in a layered up world. Retrieved February 21, 2014 from Forbes website:http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/01/17/3d-printers-will-soon-change-the-world-if-its-not-strangled-in-a-lawyered-up-world/

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