User talk:Yuskhawas/sandbox

Race

Race is defined in terms of ascriptive characteristics that are often used to explain physical, social, moral, and intellectual differences among peoples. Human beings often use race as a tool to help understand and define themselves, and also to distinguish themselves from assigned definitions of other groups of people. The concept of race can be traced back to a quest for the origins of language, which indicated whether an individual was from a separate racial and geographical origin. The visible similarities or differences which surround the concept of race are often used as sources of inclusion and exclusion amongst the social structures of society. There are two dominant views in regards to race. The first view implies that racial categories reflect biological differences based on human population history. The second view is that race is merely a social construction that has no biological meaning or significance

Bibliography

Ahluwalia, P. (2006). Race. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(2-3), 538-545. doi:10.1177/026327640602300298

Foster, M. W. (2004). Race. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 113(12), 1663. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dcuoit.ca/docview/200559981?accountid=14694

Krantz, G., & Molnar, S. (1983). Human variation: Races, types, and ethnic groups. American Anthropologist, 85(3), 702-704.

Satzewich, V., & Liodakis, N. (2013). “Race” and ethnicity in canada: A critical introduction. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press.

Racial Microaggressions

Brief and routine verbal, behavioral or environmental humiliations to an individual in a daily setting. This humiliation can be international or unintentional, but they are communicated as hostile or negative racial slights and insults that can potentially have a harmful or unpleasant psychological impact victims. This microaggression is often outside of the conscious awareness of the perpetrator, invisible, and subtle in nature.

Four Dilemmas

Clash of racial realities – did the person engage in a microaggression or was there a simple misinterpret the perpetrator’s actions

The Invisibility of Unintentional Expressions of Bias – The perpetrator of racial microaggressions usually are sincere in the belief that they acted without racial bias.

Perceived Minimal Harm of Racial Microaggressions – If perpetrator is confronted, they believe that the victim is overeating

Responding to Microaggressions – A bunch of questions are raised for the victim of microaggressions (should I confront them, is it worth it, am I overreacting), making responding to microaggressions very difficult Yuskhawas (talk) 05:07, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Colombia University's counseling psychology professor, Dr. Derald Wing Sue, explained the the Four Dilemmas above. Yuskhawas (talk) 05:18, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

The authors of The Journal of Negro Education define Microaggressions as "subtle insults (verbal, nonverbal, and/or visual) directed toward people of color, often automatically or unconsciously". Of course these subtle insults are not only exclusive to the African american community. This article explains the negative impact that microaggressions have on the campus racial climate, regardless of it the subtle insults are intentional or not. the main factors that makes microaggression so negative are the facts that confrontation has a high possibility of offending the perpetrator and the victim is often too scared of this too politely ask for the perpetrator to cease the behavior. Yuskhawas (talk) 05:29, 9 April 2015 (UTC)