User talk:Zaw Min Htwe 199475

OPERATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS OF OFFICIAL STATISTICAL ORGANIZATIONS Official Statistics is the totality of the statistics produced by public statistical agencies of a country. It covers economic statistics including statistics of industrial production, services, prices and institutional sector, and social statistics encompassing population, and demography, housing, education, employment, health, nutrition, income and expenditure, public order and safety, social security and welfare, leisure and cultural activities.

Official statistics are produced within the framework of national statistical system. A statistical system consists of the people, procedure, data and equipment for data processing and dissemination. If the system is organised on a national basis, it is called a national statistical system.

Types of National Statistical System (NSS) A. Centralised National Statistical System is one where the whole process of data production and dissemination to the governments and other users of statistics is carried out by an organ of the government.

B. Decentralised National Statistical System whereby there is division of responsibility between various data collection agencies at different tiers of government and the different agencies are free to collect data to satisfy their respective needs.

Nature of Socio Economic Statistics Economic statistics may be defined as an historical record of economic activity which is capable of guilding the understanding of an economic system and at the same time capable of guilding the formulation of policy within the system. Quantitative information on manpower, production, distribution, transport, foreign trade, prices, employment, investments, national income and expenditures are examples of economic statistics.

Social statistics refers to data generated on the condition and quality of life of the people. Statistical information on household, education, health, public safety and population are examples of social statistics.

Uses of Economic and Social Statistics 1. Planning for national development 2. Construction of systems of national accounts 3. Construction of Economic Models 4. Policy formulation and decision making

DESIGNS FOR DATA COLLECTION The raw material for socio economic investigation and analysis is data. The type of data collected for a given purpose may be primary or secondary, internal or external.

Primary Data This is data collected at first hand for a specific purpose. The basic sources of primary data are censuses, sample surveys, and administrative processes. Primary data are collected where… a. The needed information does not exist elsewhere b. The needed information exist but is not reliable c. Collecting the information at first hand is only way such information can be obtained Secondary Data These are data which already exist and may be adapted for use in the current survey. Such data are collected originally for another purpose. Secondary data can be sourced from publications and records of governments and non government organisations, journals of universities and research institutes, media, organization and administrative records. For secondary data to be used with reasonable degree of confidence, the validity of such data must be assessed. This involves checking for the following; a. The source of the data b. The purpose of which it was collected c. The method of data collection used d. Definition of terms used e. Coverage and changes overtime, if any f. Method of analysis Internal Data This is data collected by one’s own organization. Such data may be extracted from records such as the ledger, personnel records, sales records, stock records e.t.c. External Data This is data collected by one organization and being used by another organization data from external sources are either primary in nature or secondary in nature. METHODS OF COLLECTING QUANTITATIVE PRIMARY DATA 1. INTERVIEW METHOD a. Personal interview- collected face to face b. Telephone interview-conducted over a telephone system c. Computer assisted interview

2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Refers to data collected through laboratory tests and direct measurement of variables 10

3. OBSERVATION METHOD Is the method used when the investigator visit the location of the event or individual being studies, and he directly or indirectly observe, and record data on the required variables

4. QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD This is by far the most popular and widely used method. It’s the process of collecting data by sending a set of questions printed on paper-called questionnaire to the respondent either by hand or by post

METHOD OF COLLECTING QUALITATIVE PRIMARY DATA a. In-depth interviews - permits greater depth of meaning, and open ended responses to questions. b. Focus Group Discussion - brings respondents together in discussion group that focus on a particular topic ADMINISTRATIVE DATA These are data that are routinely collected as a by-product of daily administration. Administrative statistics are compile from administrative records. Administrative statistics are being used: a. For the constructions of frames, such frames may be subject to errors b. Supplementing data collected through surveys and census c. For evaluating results of statistical studies or exercises check on the coverage of the survey Administrative source may be the only reliable means of collected data on a particular subject e.g. arrival/departure from a country

LIMITATIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE DATA 1. Concepts, definitions and classifications used may not be suitable for statistical purpose 2. Coverage may be deficient in the sense that it may be incomplete or inaccurate 3. It may be difficult to gain access to administrative data for the following reasons: a. Users may not be aware that such data exist b. Producer may not consider it necessary to release the information to the public c. Poor storage may make access difficult or impossible d. The pledge of confidentiality by compiling agency may make access impossible. Reference; -	https://unaab.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/477_STS%20242.pdf