User talk:Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi

Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi- Singer
Sir Alexander Fleming was born at Lochfield near Darvel in Ayrshire, Scotland on August 6th, 1881. He attended Louden Moor School, Darvel School, and Kilmarnock Academy before moving to London where he attended the Polytechnic. He spent four years in a shipping office before entering St. Mary's Medical School, London University. He qualified with distinction in 1906 and began research at St. Mary's under Sir Almroth Wright, a pioneer in vaccine therapy. He gained M.B., B.S., (London), with Gold Medal in 1908, and became a lecturer at St. Mary's until 1914. He served throughout World War I as a captain in the Army Medical Corps, being mentioned in dispatches, and in 1918 he returned to St.Mary's. He was elected Professor of the School in 1928 and Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology, University of London in 1948. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1943 and knighted in 1944. Early in his medical life, Fleming became interested in the natural bacterial action of the blood and in antiseptics. He was able to continue his studies throughout his military career and on demobilization he settled to work on antibacterial substances which would not be toxic to animal tissues. In 1921, he discovered in «tissues and secretions» an important bacteriolytic substance which he named Lysozyme. About this time, he devised sensitivity titration methods and assays in human blood and other body fluids, which he subsequently used for the titration of penicillin. In 1928, while working on influenza virus, he observed that mould had developed accidently on a staphylococcus culture plate and that the mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mould culture prevented growth of staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance penicillin. Sir Alexander wrote numerous papers on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy, including original descriptions of lysozyme and penicillin. They have been published in medical and scientific journals. Fleming, a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (England), 1909, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (London), 1944, has gained many awards. They include Hunterian Professor (1919), Arris and Gale Lecturer (1929) and Honorary Gold Medal (1946) of the Royal College of Surgeons; Williams Julius Mickle Fellowship, University of London (1942); Charles Mickle Fellowship, University of Toronto (1944); John Scott Medal, City Guild of Philadelphia (1944); Cameron Prize, University of Edinburgh (1945); Moxon Medal, Royal College of Physicians (1945); Cutter Lecturer, Harvard University (1945); Albert Gold Medal, Royal Society of Arts (1946); Gold Medal, Royal Society of Medicine (1947); Medal for Merit, U.S.A. (1947); and the Grand Cross of Alphonse X the Wise, Spain (1948). He served as President of the Society for General Microbiology, he was a Member of the Pontifical Academy of Science and Honorary Member of almost all the medical and scientific societies of the world. He was Rector of Edinburgh University during 1951-1954, Freeman of many boroughs and cities and Honorary Chief Doy-gei-tau of the Kiowa tribe. He was also awarded doctorate, honoris causa, degrees of almost thirty European and American Universities. In 1915, Fleming married Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala, Ireland, who died in 1949. Their son is a general medical practitioner. Fleming married again in 1953, his bride was Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Voureka, a Greek colleague at St. Mary's. In his younger days he was a keen member of the Territorial Army and he served from 1900 to 1914 as a private in the London Scottish Regiment. Dr Fleming died on March 11th in 1955 and is buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. Scottish bacteriologist whose discovery of penicillin (1928) prepared the way for the highly effective practice of antibiotic therapy for infectious

The Bunsen Burner by Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi
The Bunsen Burner

When lighting a Bunsen burner you have to remember to:

•	Make sure your hair is tied up before lighting the match. •	Make sure you are wearing an art overall. •	Make sure everything flammable is moved far away from the Bunsen burner. •	Make sure there is a heat-proof mat under the Bunsen burner. •	While in the process of turning on the gas tap make sure your sleeves are well away from the barrel of the Bunsen burner. •	Make sure before lighting the Bunsen burner the air hole is closed off giving you the safety flame. •	When you are lighting the Bunsen burner keep your fingers away from the flame. •	While the flame is lit make sure the Bunsen burner is still on the safety flame unless you are told by your teacher to change it. •	While the flame is lit do not move your face towards the flame. •	As you turn the gas pipes off keep your arms well away from the flame. •	Once the flame has been put out make sure all the gas pipes are completely off as this could be poisonous, you can tell if a pipe is still on by hearing a slight whooshing sound or smelling a strong scent in the air. •	While putting the Bunsen burner away do not touch the barrel as this will still be hot.

By Zoë 7

The Norman Conquest
The Normans were master castle builders. After 1066 England witnessed a massive castle building programme on the orders of William the Conqueror. Castles were a very good way for the Normans to expand their grip on. The English population greatly outnumbered the Normans, and the Normans had to create an atmosphere in which they were feared by the English, therefore, minimizing the possibility of an up spring by the English. Castles were a sign of Norman power and might. They could be easily seen and as such acted as a deterrent. He castles warned the English that Norman soldiers lived in these castles and that any attempts to rise up against them would be mat by force. Here is an example of a typical Norman castle

The Normans were master castle builders. After 1066 England witnessed a massive castle building programme on the orders of William the Conqueror. Castles were a very good way for the Normans to expand their grip on. The English population greatly outnumbered the Normans, and the Normans had to create an atmosphere in which they were feared by the English, therefore, minimizing the possibility of an up spring by the English. Castles were a sign of Norman power and might. They could be easily seen and as such acted as a deterrent. He castles warned the English that Norman soldiers lived in these castles and that any attempts to rise up against them would be mat by force. Here is an example of a typical Norman castle

Image:Stormy Weather by Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Stormy Weather by Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:00, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Stormy Weather Two by Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Stormy Weather Two by Zoe O'Sullivan-Sehmi.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:00, 9 December 2006 (UTC)