Verse (programming language)

Verse is a static typed object-oriented programming language created by Epic Games. It was released alongside UEFN in March 2023 and was authored by a team of well-known programmers led by Simon Peyton Jones, and Epic Games CEO Tim Sweeney. Verse is designed to interact with Fortnite Creative's existing ‍​devices system. As of June 2024, UEFN remains the only way to interpret, parse, compile or run Verse code; plans to implement the language into the release of Unreal Engine 6 have been discussed.

Modules and importing
Verse supports modular programming, allowing developers to import specific modules required for their scripts. Commonly used modules include the API digests that are generated every time a project containing verse is opened. There is an API digest to access and interact with Fortnite objects, Verse objects, and Unreal Engine objects. Developers can also create their own modules and import them into scripts if needed.

Classes and objects
Verse employs a class-based object-oriented programming model. Developers can define classes to represent various game entities and behaviors.

For example: hello_world_device := class(creative_device): OnBegin :void= Print("Hello, world!") Print("2 + 2 = {2 + 2}")

The above code defines a new class inheriting from `creative_device` and prints the traditional "Hello, world" message. All classes inherited from a `creative_device' can be placed into the engine's spatial environment when compiled. The `creative_device` class is necessary to interact with the pre-existing Fortnite Creative toolset.

Functions and methods
Verse allows defining functions within classes. These can perform various operations, such as mathematical calculations, game logic, and more. The example below is a method to determine if a character is looking at a specific location. IsLookingAtLocation(Character:fort_character, LocationToCheck: vector3, Threshold: float):logic

Event handling
The language supports event-driven programming, where events like  and   can trigger specified functions. Events can also be subscribed to and listened for.

Mathematical and spatial operations
Verse supports various mathematical functions necessary for game development, such as calculating magnitudes, normalizing vectors, and converting rotations to direction vectors. The spatial math module provides classes and functions for vector and rotational math, essential for game development tasks like positioning and movement. ,,  ,  and   are a few of the functions are available for mathematical operations.

Lambda calculus
Verse code shares several similarities with lambda calculus, particularly in how it handles functions and data. In lambda calculus, functions are first-class citizens, meaning they can be passed as arguments to other functions, returned as values from other functions, and assigned to variables; while in Verse functions can be passed around and manipulated similarly, showcasing the functional programming paradigm. Examples include methods like  and. Verse supports lambda expressions and anonymous functions, allowing for inline function definitions, similar to how lambda functions are used in languages like Python or JavaScript. Verse also allows for composing functions by chaining method calls and passing functions as parameters. The declarative style used in lambda calculus is also a prominent feature of Verse for defining data transformations and computations rather than an imperative control flow model. This is seen in functions like  and   which are defined declaratively.

Future plans
Epic Games has described Verse as the programming language for the metaverse and has factored mass scalability into its development. Until the proposed convergence with Unreal Engine, it is yet to be seen how Verse will behave interacting with various systems and processes outside of the Fortnite ecosystem.