Vertigo (gastropod)

Vertigo is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Description
Snails in the genus Vertigo have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles.

The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated.

Shell
The shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorls. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is semioval with 4 to 7 folds. The peristome is scarcely expanded and white-lipped.

Distribution
The distribution of the genus Vertigo includes Europe, northern Asia, eastern Asia, Japan, Central and North America, Caribbean and the Bermudas.

Species


Species in the genus Vertigo include:
 * Vertigo alabamensis G. Clapp, 1915 – Alabama Vertigo
 * Vertigo alpestris Alder, 1838 – tundra vertigo
 * † Vertigo angulifera O. Boettger, 1884
 * Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 – Narrow-mouthed Whorl Snail
 * Vertigo antipygmaea Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018
 * Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
 * Vertigo arctica (Wallenberg, 1858)
 * † Vertigo arenula (C. A. White, 1876)
 * Vertigo arizonensis Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900
 * Vertigo arthuri Von Martens, 1882
 * †Vertigo atavuncula (C. A. White, 1883)
 * † Vertigo bakonyensis Kókay, 2006
 * Vertigo bandulana (Connolly, 1922)
 * † Vertigo bella Y.-T. Li, 1986
 * Vertigo beringia Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * Vertigo bermudensis Pilsbry, 1919
 * Vertigo berryi Pilsbry, 1919
 * † Vertigo bicolumellata Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967
 * † Vertigo bifida (Deshayes, 1863)
 * Vertigo binneyana Sterki, 1890
 * Vertigo bisulcata (Jickeli, 1873)
 * Vertigo bollesiana (Morse, 1865) – Delicate vertigo snail
 * † Vertigo brusinai De Stefani, 1880
 * Vertigo calamitosa (Pilsbry, 1889)
 * Vertigo californica (Rowell, 1862)
 * † Vertigo callosa Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849
 * Vertigo catalinaria (Sterki, 1890)
 * Vertigo chiricahuensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * Vertigo chytryi Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * † Vertigo cianfanellianus (Manganelli, Benocci, Esu & Fo. Giusti, 2008)
 * Vertigo circumlabiata Schileyko, 1984
 * Vertigo clappi Brooks & G. R. Hunt, 1936
 * Vertigo clementina (Sterki, 1890)
 * Vertigo coloradensis (Cockerell, 1891)
 * Vertigo columbiana Sterki, 1892
 * Vertigo congoensis (Dartevelle, 1952)
 * † Vertigo consteniusi Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
 * Vertigo conecuhensis G. Clapp, 1915 : synonym of Vertigo alabamensis G. H. Clapp, 1915
 * Vertigo cristata (Sterki, 1919)
 * Vertigo cupressicola Sterki, 1919
 * Vertigo dalliana (Sterki, 1890)
 * Vertigo dedecora (Pilsbry, 1902)
 * † Vertigo defranceii (Brongniart, 1810)
 * Vertigo diegoensis (Sterki, 1890)
 * † Vertigo diversidens (Sandberger, 1872)
 * † Vertigo doliara Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
 * † Vertigo douvillei de Morgan, 1920
 * † Vertigo elsheimensis O. Boettger, 1889
 * Vertigo eogea Pilsbry, 1919
 * Vertigo eogea stagnalis Kuroda, 1941
 * Vertigo extima (Westerlund, 1877)
 * Vertigo farquhari (Pilsbry, 1917)
 * Vertigo genesii (Gredler, 1856) – Round-mouthed Whorl Snail
 * Vertigo genesioides Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
 * Vertigo gittenbergeri (Hausdorf, 2008)
 * † Vertigo globosa Sacco, 1886
 * Vertigo gouldii (Binney, 1843)
 * Vertigo griqualandica (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1893)
 * Vertigo hannai Pilsbry, 1919
 * † Vertigo hauchecornei Klebs, 1886
 * Vertigo hebardi Vanetta, 1912
 * Vertigo hemphilli (Sterki, 1890)
 * † Vertigo hibbardi F. C. Baker, 1938
 * Vertigo hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1921
 * Vertigo hirasei Pilsbry, 1901
 * † Vertigo hohenstaufenorum Schlickum & Geissert, 1980
 * Vertigo hydrophila (Reinhardt, 1877)
 * Vertigo idahoensis Pilsbry, 1934
 * Vertigo inserta Pilsbry, 1919
 * Vertigo japonica Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 * † Vertigo kochi O. Boettger, 1889
 * Vertigo kodamai Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * † Vertigo kroloppi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
 * † Vertigo kuenowii Klebs, 1886
 * Vertigo kurilensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * Vertigo kushiroensis Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
 * Vertigo kushiroensis botanicorum Horsak & Pokryszko, 2010
 * † Vertigo likharevi Prysjazhnjuk, 1978
 * Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
 * † Vertigo lozeki Schlickum & Puisségur, 1978
 * † Vertigo luminosa Y.-T. Li, 1986
 * Vertigo malleata Coles & Nekola, 2007
 * † Vertigo manchurica K. Suzuki, 194
 * Vertigo marciae Nekola & Rosenberg, 2013
 * Vertigo marki Gulick, 1904
 * † Vertigo maxillosa Schütt, 1994
 * Vertigo meramecensis A. S. Van Devender, 1979
 * † Vertigo micra Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
 * Vertigo microsphaera Schileyko, 1984
 * Vertigo milium (Gould, 1840) – Blade Vertigo
 * † Vertigo milleri Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
 * † Vertigo minor O. Boettger, 1870
 * Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824) – cross vertigo
 * †Vertigo moedlingensis Wenz & Edlauer, 1942
 * † Vertigo moenana Zinndorf, 1901
 * † Vertigo moldavica Prisyazhnyuk, 1973
 * Vertigo morsei Sterki, 1894
 * † Vertigo mostrata Y.-T. Li, 1986
 * Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) – Desmoulin's whorl snail
 * † Vertigo myrmido Michaud, 1855
 * Vertigo nangaparbatensis Pokryszko & Hlaváč, 2009
 * Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)
 * † Vertigo nouleti Michaud, 1862
 * Vertigo numellata Gulick, 1904
 * Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909
 * † Vertigo obesa Y.-T. Li, 1986
 * Vertigo occidentalis Sterki, 1907
 * † Vertigo ocsensis (Halaváts, 1903)
 * Vertigo okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
 * † Vertigo olchonica Popova & Schileyko, 1981
 * Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1890 – Palmetto Vertigo
 * Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890 – Capital Vertigo
 * Vertigo oughtoni Pilsbry, 1948
 * Vertigo ovata (Say, 1822) – ovate vertigo
 * † Vertigo ovatula (Sandberger, 1875)
 * † Vertigo pageti Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
 * † Vertigo palangula (De Boissy, 1848)
 * † Vertigo pandei Bhatia & Mathur, 1971
 * Vertigo parcedentata (A. Braun, 1847)
 * Vertigo parvula Sterki, 1890
 * Vertigo perryi Sterki, 1905
 * Vertigo pimuensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * Vertigo pisewensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 * † Vertigo pontileviensis de Morgan, 1920
 * † Vertigo praecoquis Russell, 1956
 * † Vertigo praepusilla Prysjazhnjuk, 1978
 * † Vertigo protracta (Sandberger, 1875)
 * † Vertigo pseudoantivertigo Paladilhe, 1873
 * Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954
 * Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774 – type species
 * Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) – crested vertigo
 * Vertigo ronnebyensis (Westerlund, 1871)
 * Vertigo rowellii (Newcomb, 1860)
 * Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890 – Striate Vertigo
 * Vertigo sandbergeri Wenz, 1923 †
 * Vertigo seminulum (R. T. Lowe, 1852)
 * Vertigo sterkii Pilsbry, 1919
 * Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
 * Vertigo superstriata Pokryszko & Auffenberg, 2009
 * † Vertigo tembrockae Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
 * Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961
 * † Vertigo tewarii Bhatia & Mathur, 1971
 * Vertigo torrei Aguayo & Jaume, 1934
 * Vertigo tridentata Wolf, 1870
 * Vertigo trinotata (Sterki, 1890)
 * † Vertigo trolli Wenz in K. Fischer & Wenz, 1914
 * † Vertigo tuchoricensis Pilsbry in Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1919
 * † Vertigo turonica de Morgan, 1920
 * Vertigo ultima Pilsbry, 1919
 * Vertigo ultimathule Proschwitz, 2007
 * † Vertigo uncata Steklov, 1967
 * Vertigo utahensis Sterki, 1892
 * † Vertigo vectiensis L. R. Cox, 1924
 * Vertigo ventricosa (E. S. Morse, 1865)
 * † Vertigo vracevicensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2017
 * † Vertigo whitei Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992


 * Synonyms:
 * Vertigo concinnula (Roscoe and Roscoe, 1955) – Mitered vertigo: synonym of Vertigo modesta concinnula Cockerell, 1897
 * Vertigo cubana Crosse, 1890 : synonym of Lyropupa cubana (Dall, 1890)
 * Vertigo elatior (Brooks, 1936) – tapered vertigo: synonym of Vertigo ventricosa (Morse, 1865)
 * † Vertigo flexidens (Reuss, 1861) : synonym of † Ptychalaea flexidens (Reuss, 1861)
 * Vertigo hachijoensis Pilsbry, 1919 : synonym of Vertigo kushiroensis hachijoensis Pilsbry, 1919
 * Vertigo heldi Clessin, 1877 : synonym of Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801)
 * Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934 : synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
 * † Vertigo interferens (Deshayes, 1863) : synonym of † Ovicarychium interferens (Deshayes, 1863)
 * † Vertigo mystica (Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2015) : synonym of † Ptychalaea mystica Stworzewicz & B.M. Pokryszko, 2015
 * Vertigo neglecta Arango in Poey, 1856 : synonym of Vertigo ovata Say, 1822
 * Vertigo occulta Vanetta, 1912 : synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
 * †Vertigo paradoxa Sterki in Pilsbry, 1900 : synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
 * Vertigo shimochii Kuroda & Amano, 1960 : synonym of Gastrocopta servilis (A. Gould, 1843)
 * Vertigo sieversi (O. Boettger, 1879) : synonym of Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)