Vogel plane

In mathematics, the Vogel plane is a method of parameterizing simple Lie algebras by eigenvalues α, β, γ of the Casimir operator on the symmetric square of the Lie algebra, which gives a point (α: β: γ) of P2/S3, the projective plane P2 divided out by the symmetric group S3 of permutations of coordinates. It was introduced by, and is related by some observations made by. generalized Vogel's work to higher symmetric powers.

The point of the projective plane (modulo permutations) corresponding to a simple complex Lie algebra is given by  three eigenvalues α, β, γ of the Casimir operator acting on  spaces A, B, C, where the symmetric square of the Lie algebra (usually) decomposes as a sum of the complex numbers and 3 irreducible spaces A, B, C.