Washington State Penitentiary

Washington State Penitentiary (also called the Walla Walla State Penitentiary) is a Washington State Department of Corrections men's prison located in Walla Walla, Washington. With an operating capacity of 2,200, it is the largest prison in the state and is surrounded by wheat fields. It opened in 1886, three years before statehood.

It was the site of Washington State's death row and where executions were carried out, until the Washington Supreme Court ruled the state's death penalty statute unconstitutional on October 11, 2018, thereby abolishing capital punishment in the state. Methods for execution were lethal injection and hanging.

Located at 1313 N. 13th Avenue, it is commonly known as "the Walls" among inmates and "The Pen" to the locals. The penitentiary is sometimes known as "Concrete Mama", from a book with the same title by Ethan Hoffman and John McCoy. Elsewhere within Washington, and also to an extent in the surrounding states, the name Walla Walla is a metonym for the penitentiary. The penitentiary was the subject of the song "Walla Walla" by American punk rock band The Offspring.

History
Washington State Penitentiary is the oldest operational prison in Washington state and among the oldest operational prisons in the US.

During the 1880s, Washington's territorial legislature sought to build a state prison to satisfy a requirement for eventual statehood. The territory's prison at the time, the privately-owned Seatco Prison, had "poor living conditions" and was nicknamed "The Seatco Dungeon" and "Hell on Earth". Its inmates performed penal labor and manufactured goods while being denied visitation rights and access to clergy. Walla Walla's city government began lobbying for a territory-funded institution, and after Levi Ankeny, a local wealthy business man, donated 160-acres for the site in 1886, the legislators approved the Washington Territorial Prison. On May 11, 1887, the first 10 prisoners arrived from Seatco.

Guards were placed on the facility's walls after two prisoners escaped shortly after it was opened, on July 4, 1887. They only made it a few miles before being recaptured. There have been several more escapes since, including a seized supply train in 1891, a riot that left nine dead in 1934, 10 who tunneled under the wall in 1955, and John Allen Lamb, who sawed his way out in 1997.

In 1887, the facility had its first incarcerated woman, a housewife who had committed grand larceny, but there were no accommodations suitable for a woman. The prison later converted the hospital quarters to accommodate four women, and later built a separate facility. The remaining Seatco inmates were transferred in 1888, and the facility was shut down, and the town changed its name to "Bucoda". When Washington became a state in 1889, the facility officially became the Washington State Penitentiary, but inmates nicknamed it "The Hill", "The Joint", "The Walls", and "The Pen". The first execution was carried out in 1906, and the final in 2010 of Cal Coburn Brown. Capital punishment in Washington became illegal in 2018. The most notable inmate at Walla Walla is Gary Ridgway, a serial killer known as the "Green River killer," who pleaded guilty in 2003 to the murders of 48 women to avoid the death penalty. He was still incarcerated there as of December 2023.

Over a one-year period, starting in March 2002, more than one hundred inmates and staff at the Washington State Penitentiary were infected with Campylobacter jejuni. During this period, five clusters of the infection were identified, and genetic testing indicated that all of the bacteria were indistinguishable from each other. The source of this outbreak is not known, but contamination via pigeon feces, as well as unsafe food handling procedures, were examined.

In June 2021, dozens of inmates were subjected to extreme heat when the air conditioning stopped working in the solitary confinement unit. Temperatures rose to over 116 F in the area surrounding the prison.

Notable prisoners

 * Allen Christopher Ivanov, convicted in the 2016 Mukilteo shooting
 * Billy Gohl, union employee who murdered many sailors, Aberdeen
 * Christopher Monfort was convicted in the October 31, 2009, murder of police officer Timothy Brenton. Monfort died at Walla Walla in January 2017.
 * Conner Schierman, convicted murderer in the 2006 Kirkland murders
 * Gabriel Gaeta, convicted in the August 2014 murder of six-year-old Jenise Wright
 * Gerald Friend was a convicted serial rapist and kidnapper, whose crimes after his release served as the inspiration for Nirvana song "Polly".
 * Henri Young, convicted bank robber and cause célèbre
 * John Medlock, convicted in the October 1993 murder of thirteen-year-old Rebecca Hedman
 * Joseph Kondro, convicted serial killer in the Longview murders of three girls, died at Walla Walla in May 2012.
 * Kenneth Bianchi, the Hillside Strangler
 * Kevin Coe, convicted rapist from Spokane, often referred to in the news media as the "South Hill Rapist"
 * Linda Hazzard, doctor known for murdering patients through her detox methods, Olalla, Washington
 * Little Willie John, an R&B singer who was sentenced to 8–20 years for manslaughter and died at Walla Walla on May 26, 1968
 * Lyle Beerbohm, American professional mixed martial artist who spent over a year in Walla Walla for drug-related crimes
 * Mitchell Rupe was convicted in the September 1981 murders of two bank tellers during a robbery at Tumwater State Bank in Olympia. Rupe died at Walla Walla in February 2006.
 * Richard Clark, convicted in the April 1995 murder of seven-year-old Roxanne Doll
 * Ryan Alexander, convicted in the April 2002 murder of eight-year-old Michael "Mikey" Busby, Jr.
 * Stanley Bernson, convicted murderer and self-proclaimed serial killer
 * Terapon "Lee" Adhahn, convicted of rape of several children and rape-murder of a child in Tacoma, Washington
 * William Earl Talbott II
 * William Lembcke, convicted in the December 2000 Addy murders of his parents and siblings

Executed

 * Jake Bird, convicted double murderer and alleged serial killer, hanged on July 15, 1949
 * Harvey Collins, serial killer, hanged on December 3, 1957
 * Westley Allan Dodd, serial killer, hanged on January 5, 1993, upon his own request
 * Charles Rodman Campbell, convicted of a triple murder, hanged on May 27, 1994
 * Jeremy Vargas Sagastegui, convicted of a triple murder, executed by lethal injection on October 13, 1998
 * James Homer Elledge, convicted of murder, executed by lethal injection on August 28, 2001
 * Cal Coburn Brown, the last man executed in Washington State, executed by lethal injection on September 10, 2010

Organization
The penitentiary has five custody levels:
 * Camp/Minimum: 1-6 Years
 * Protective Custody & Mental Health: 1 Year- Life
 * Medium: 1 Year- Life
 * Close: 1 Year- Life
 * Maximum/Segregation: 1 Year- Life

In Popular Culture

 * "Walla Walla" is the eighth song on The Offspring's 1998 album, Americana. The song is an ode to a friend who, after countless times getting off with a "slap on the wrist", has been sentenced to serve "three to five" years at Walla Walla.
 * The prison was used for the filming of a scene in the Swedish movie Dancer in the Dark.