Wells County, Indiana

Wells County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 28,180. The county seat is Bluffton. Wells County is included in the Fort Wayne Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Fort Wayne—Huntington—Auburn Combined Statistical Area.

History
The Territory of Indiana was established in 1800 as legitimized by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The governing structure established through this act began creating counties in the territory as it became increasingly populated. In December 1816, the State of Indiana was admitted to the Union. Wells was named after famous frontiersmen William A. Wells who played a central role in the Northwest Indian Wars and the activity surrounding Fort Miami and Kekionga. It was initially assigned to Allen County for legislative and administrative affairs.

In the winter of 1835, Col. John Vowter of Jennings County, Chairman of the Committee on New Counties, introduced a bill proposing that the assembly "lay out all the unorganized territory to which the Indian title had been extinguished in the state into a suitable number of counties". This bill would be approved later that year on February 7, effectively creating thirteen Northern Indiana counties, one of which was Wells.

On February 2, 1837, an act was passed by the state, authorizing Wells County to be organized independent of Allen County, and specifying May 1 for the date of the first meeting. However, that meeting did not take place, and so an act dated January 20, 1838, authorized the meeting of appointed commissioners to decide on a county seat. That vote was completed on March 5, 1838, selecting Bluffton.

Geography
The low rolling hills of Wells County have been deforested and are now completely devoted to agriculture and urban development. The Wabash River flows to the northwest, draining the central and upper part of the county, while the lower part is drained by the Salamonie River, also flowing to the northwest. The highest point on the terrain (935 ft ASL) is an isolated rise on the county's south borderline with Jay County, one-half mile (0.8 km) east of the NE corner of Blackford County.

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 370.25 sqmi, of which 368.09 sqmi (or 99.42%) is land and 2.16 sqmi (or 0.58%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Allen County - north
 * Adams County - east
 * Jay County - southeast
 * Blackford County - south
 * Grant County - west
 * Huntington County - northwest

City and towns

 * Bluffton (city/county seat)
 * Markle (town; partly in Huntington County)
 * Ossian (town)
 * Poneto (town - named Worthington from 1871 to 1881)
 * Uniondale (town)
 * Vera Cruz (town)
 * Zanesville (town; partly in Allen County)

Unincorporated communities

 * Craigville
 * Curryville
 * Dillman
 * Domestic
 * Five Points
 * Greenville
 * Greenwood
 * Jeff
 * Keystone
 * Kingsland
 * Liberty Center
 * McNatts
 * Mount Zion
 * Murray
 * North Oaks
 * Nottingham
 * Petroleum
 * Phenix
 * Reiffsburg
 * Riverside
 * Rockford
 * Tocsin
 * Toll Gate Heights
 * Travisville
 * Wellsburg

Townships

 * Chester
 * Harrison
 * Jackson
 * Jefferson
 * Lancaster
 * Liberty
 * Nottingham
 * Rockcreek
 * Union

Major highways

 * I-69.svg Interstate 69
 * US 224.svg U.S. Route 224
 * indiana 1.svg State Road 1
 * indiana 3.svg State Road 3
 * indiana 116.svg State Road 116
 * indiana 124.svg State Road 124
 * indiana 201.svg State Road 201
 * indiana 218.svg State Road 218
 * indiana 301.svg State Road 301

Climate and weather
In recent years, average temperatures in Bluffton have ranged from a low of 16 °F in January to a high of 84 °F in July, although a record low of -24 °F was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 104 °F was recorded in July 1980. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.83 in in February to 4.11 in in May.

Government
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that handles civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.

County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. The officers are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.

2010 Census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 27,636 people, 10,780 households, and 7,684 families in the county. The population density was 75.1 PD/sqmi. There were 11,659 housing units at an average density of 31.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 97.3% white, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.8% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 38.4% were German, 12.3% were English, 10.8% were Irish, and 10.3% were American. Of the 10,780 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.7% were non-families, and 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age was 40.2 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $56,885. Males had a median income of $41,871 versus $30,031 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,169. About 6.2% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
School districts include: Bluffton-Harrison Metropolitan School District, Northern Wells Community Schools, and Southern Wells Community Schools.