Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2006-01-09

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Prague Uprising

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The Prague Uprising started on 5.5. 1945. Itˈs trigger was the morning broadcast of Czech radio. It said: "It is just sechs hour" in the mixture of Czech and German. People knew immediatelly what that means. Soon after that a group of Czech policemen came to seize the radio building on Vinohradská road. The thing they were not aware of was that there already was a strong unit of German SS soldiers. The first succes was therefore followed by a long and though fight. The radio started to call for help while sounds of shooting mixed with the speaking voice. Many people came to help. They were armed mostly only with small arms or even axes, but they were brave and ready to help. As the situation went bad for Germans they decided to send one secretary on the roof of the building. They told her to announce any hostile movement around that building. But the women kept saying there was nothing going on. When Germans realised she was lying they had trown her of the roof. At last Germans were pushed into the cellar and washed out by Czech firefighters. Germans tried to destroy the whole building on the next day and so they send a plane to bombard it. Dozens of defenders were killed and the radio itself was destroyed. But there was another one that started to broadcast just few minutes later.

At about 1AM on the March 6 1945 the radio asked people to build barricades and in one night there was over one thousand of them created. The resistance managed to seize half of the city before Germans managed to react. But the next hours were criticall, because rebels were running out of ammo and had only a few AT weapons while Germans had a lot of tanks at their disposal. Many people died for nothing, because American army had already been in Pilsen while Russians still had some hundred of kilometers to go.

Eventually on the March 8 1945 Russian army arrived to Prague and the city was free.

Robert Reichel

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Robert Reichel is Czech hockey player

EHS, Istanbul

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British government founded in 1905 English High School (EHS) as the Eton of Istanbul in the capital of the Ottoman Empire. In Istanbul EHSB (English High School for Boys) was in Nisantasi later changed to Nisantasi Anadolu Lisesi (NAL) and EHSG(English High School for Girls) was in Beyoglu and was changed to Beyoglu Anadolu Lisesi. The school was very famous not only due to its academic achievements but also in sports and had a huge sports complex in the area called Okmeydani in Istanbul. UK dynasty(Queen Elisabeth,Phillip,Charles,Anne) visited these schools in 1972. So many famous people graduated from these schools from 1905 until 1979.They were transformed to Anatolian High Schools. For many years it was the best school due to having highest percentage of student entrance to universities. Also in this school,many foreign students were available as the children of diplomats,managers,etc. Once this school was closed due to financial problems in 1979, there were no more any British school in Istanbul which served to many empires as capital. After the closure of these British schools.Britons decided to foundation of a school which would just serve to students of foreign nationals living in Istanbul. British International School in Istanbul website:

http://www.bis.k12.tr/

As a graduate of EHS: Dr.Sinan Ibaguner Medical Doctor and Biophysicist
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Pieces of a Dream

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Pieces of a Dream: Best Of is singer Anastacia's 2005 greatest hits album, covering songs from her first three albums Not That Kind, Freak Of Nature and Anastacia.

Track listing

 * 1) I'm Outta Love [From Not That Kind]
 * 2) Not That Kind [From Not That Kind]
 * 3) Cowboys and Kisses [From Not That Kind]
 * 4) Made For Lovin' You [From Not That Kind]
 * 5) Paid My Dues [From Freak of Nature]
 * 6) One Day In Your Life [From Freak of Nature]
 * 7) Why'd You Lie To Me [From Freak of Nature]
 * 8) You'll Never Be Alone (guitar version) [From Freak of Nature]
 * 9) Left Outside Alone [From Anastacia]
 * 10) Sick and Tired [From Anastacia]
 * 11) Welcome To My Truth [From Anastacia]
 * 12) Heavy On My Heart [From Anastacia]
 * 13) Everything Burns (featuring Ben Moody)
 * 14) I Belong To You (featuring Eros Ramazzotti)
 * 15) Pieces of a Dream
 * 16) In Your Eyes
 * 17) Club Megamix

Charts
Request was made by 82.157.7.196.

I see that you have created it on a talk page already. It's a job well done, so I'll move it. Please consider getting an account, because you are a good editor and an account is a lot easier ;) KittenKlub 01:48, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Hateration

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What the people at OhNoTheyDidn't@LJ.com do to Star Jones.

British Regulars

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Commonly used to describe Napoleonic British foot soldiers, the British Regular was known for his flambouyant red uniform (It took three hours for a typical British soldier to prepare his attire for "parade") and well-disciplined combat performance. Known famously in American folklore as the infamous "Redcoats," these crack soldiers were the backbone of Great Britain's military might in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

After 1855, the scarlet uniforms were replaced with the official khaki for tactical reasons. The classical British Regualar was most famous for his action in the Seven Years' War (1756-1753), the American Revolution (1775-1783), the Peninsular War (1808-1815), the War of 1812 (1812-1814), and the Waterloo campaign (1850).

http://www.americanrevolution.org/britsol.html http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/

152.163.100.70 02:15, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Done, thanks Kappa 02:40, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Matt Sadownic

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Matthew Sadownick was born March 12, 1989. He enjoys consuming cheese... ''(snipped)
 * See WP:BIO, sorry. Kappa 02:39, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Saeid Nourian

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David Brée

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David S. Brée is Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the Computer Science Department at Manchester University, UK. He has an MA in Engineering from Cambridge. His PhD, under Prof. H.A.Simon from Carnegie-Mellon University, USA, was on the process of understanding. He was a Senior Lecturer at the Manchester Business School (1968-70), where he set up their PhD Programme. Then he spend 20 years in the Netherlands as the Professor of Psychology at the Rotterdam School of Business (1970-1990). He was the first Scientific Director of the Dutch Stichting for Knowledge-Based Systems, which he set up in 1987.

He publishes in the semantics of natural language, in particular semantics of time and knowledge-based systems. His present projects include the implementations of: a text understanding system, temporal pattern recognition by learning from small datasets, models of foreign exchange markets and the construction and enumeration of magic squares.

Nathan Poisson

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Nathan Poisson is a resident of Pawtucket... 68.9.84.96 03:17, 8 January 2006 (UTC) CHP
 * See WP:BIO sorry. Kappa 03:21, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Gnooly

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A Gnooly is a fictional creature created by Roald Dahl for the children's book, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator. The beings are described as invisible demons who devour "Minused" souls and visitors to Minus Land, where the creatures abide. With Willy Wonka's new Wonka-Vite invention that allows people to gain twenty years of their life back, it seems as if he was actually the one to create Minus Land and the Gnoolies for when someone overdosed on the pills and lost more years than they had actually lived. In the book, after Grandma Georgina overdosed and became "Minused" by two years, Charlie and Willy had to travel far below the factory to Minus Land to try and "plus" her by using the "Vita-Wonk" spray, another medicine that Willy invented to give the taker of Wonka-Vite back the years they had lost. Minus Land, as described by Charlie, is "like a hell without heat." It's a misty and foggy domain where the invisible Gnoolies live, ready to wolf down the next person who enters their realm. "Gnooly" is pronounced the same way "newly" is. The "G" is silent.

The Daily Journal

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The Daily Journal was founded in Caracas, Venezuela in 1945 by Jules Waldman. It subsequently passed into the hands of Hans Neumann, then Janet Kelly, and is now owned by Russ Dallen, a noted journalist and banker. It is one of the big three English language newspapers in Latin America, the other two being the Buenos Aires Herald and The News in Mexico City. In 2005, the 60 year old paper went online at http://www.thedailyjournalonline.com and launched a Colombia edition. In 2006, the paper plans to expand into Panama and Mexico.

Larry Landaker

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Larry Landaker, born in Dayton, Ohio, now a real estate agent and political activist living in Wimberley, TX. Landaker grew up in Xenia, Ohio, a small town near Dayton. He is a graduate of Rio Grande College and earned a masters degree from Miami University (Ohio). Landaker was a television executive from 1976 until 2002. Over a 26 year period, he was an account executive, general sales manager, station manager and president of several broadcast stations and companies including WDTN in Dayton, OH; WKRC-TV in Cincinnati,OH; WTVF-TV in Nashville; WEVU-TV in Fort Myers, FL; KEYE-TV in Austin, TX and News 8 Austin. He retired from the television industry in 2002 to begin a career in real estate where he is associated with Keller Williams Realty. He is a freelance writer and professional public speaker. He is the father of one daughter, Holly Elizabeth Landaker. Source: Larry Landaker

Larry Landaker

66.82.9.41 02:41, 1 May 2006 (UTC) Landaker 13:53, 14 April 2006 (UTC) Landaker 13:51, 14 April 2006 (UTC) Landaker 13:49, 14 April 2006 (UTC) Landaker 15:42, 18 March 2006 (UTC) Larry Landaker 66.82.9.27 03:52, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. -- kenb215 talk 20:30, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Batman: War Games

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Batman: War games is a graphic novel that is a crossover of the batman universe. It includes alot of various characters. The story starts off heavily based off of the fact that Spoiler used to be Robin but Batman fired her. In result of this, she plans a huge plan to show Batman he shouldn't of done that. This then creates a huge war between the city. The only way Batman can stop the war is with the help of everyone he knows, which indludes a grand list of characters. This graphic novel spreads through 3 books, and is collected from comic books of many titles from the DC universe.

redirect

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Please redirect Turbocodes to Turbo code. 69.113.106.8 03:55, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Done.—jiy (talk) 04:41, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Juanita Jordan

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Is the wife of Michael Jordan, a former NBA (National Basketball Association) basketballer and highly marketed individual.

H-Blockx
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H-Blockx is a German crossover band. Popular songs include Move(1994) and Risign High(1993).

Discography

 * Time To Move (1994)
 * Discover My Soul (1996)
 * Fly Eyes (1998)
 * Bang Boom Bang (1999)
 * No Excuses (2004)

Joseph Lenar
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Leader of a joint truce delegation of various Indian tribes adhering to Tecumseh. Delegation sent on the evening of September 4th, 1812 to the American garrison under then-Captain Zachary Taylor at Fort Harrison shortly before an Indian attack.

Flossage
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Definition: (FLOS-uhge) The stuff that comes out of your teeth when you floss, food stuck between your teeth

During a scrabble game, G.R. Horowitz spelled the word 'flossage', and thought it should be in the dictionary. Her opponents were so enthusiastic about the word, that they agreed to give her points for it, even though it was not yet in the scrabble dictionary.

Christopher Clark
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Christopher Clark is an American born philosopher from Miami, Florida, born on March 29, 1989. Most of his life so far has been spent playing flute, tennis, and studying philosophy. Most of his inspirations come from Jean-Paul Sartre and Franz Kafka. He continues to be one of the best flute players and tennis players in his nation, respectively.

thermal ablation
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An alternative treatment for severe menstrual bleeding, now used as an alternative to a hysterectomy in women around the age of menopause.

Bristol Herald Courier
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A daily newspaper published by Media General serving Southwest Virginia and Northeast Tennessee.

TheCoffinRobber
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TheCoffinRobber is an online gamer. His real name is Seth Reineke. He currently plays The Kingdom of Loathing. He used to play Utopia and Runescape. He is a forum member at www.terrygoodkind.com - www.utopianthievesguild.com - www.utopiatemple.com -- www.orderofavalon.com -- www.gamewinners.com and others that he can't think of now.

Retard Disco
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An indie record label.

Totally Radd!!
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An indie band.

14 Year Old Girls
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An indie video game band.

Kris Burgess
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Born Kristian Derek Burgess, Kris currently resides on Saltspring Island and is in Gr.12. He attends Gulf Islands Secondary School and he is incredibly smart. He is also incredibly good looking and he is very funny.

Fux
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Fux is the word noobs use instead of fuck. Originally Coined by the legendary burning_arc in his novice years in arguments with Nonny. it was originally used in the context of a argument in replacement for the word fuck.


 * Wikiedia is not for things like that, sorry. Kappa 08:34, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

NOMAD
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This film was shot in Kazakhstan. Due to several problems (weather, FUD (Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt) of people who were responsible for filming etc) it took very long time. After about two years it was finally showed at the theatres around Kazakhstan. What would you expect of the film made in a place in which only a couple of movies a year are shot and which changed three directors? Would you expect it to be smooth and silky? A lot of questions about this movis want to be answered. Like, why most of main heroes were acted by non-kazakhs? So that it can be marketed more easily around the globe? But it wasn't marketed around the globe and I doubt it ever meant to be. Why did it come out just before the presidental election in Kazakhstan? Just don't tell it was a coincidence. The movie wasn't very accurate about the historical facts too. In the end it turn out to be somewhat childish.

generation/derivation of sentence meaning
According to Kreidler, sentence meaning is derived from the meanings of its constituent lexemes and from the grammatical meaning it contains. The linguist claims that if the lexical and grammatical meanings of a sentence are known, it is known the meaning of the very sentence, and vice versa. Moreover, knowing the meaning of the sentence, one knows what conditions are necessary in this world for this sentence to be true. The derivation of sentence meaning is closely related with truth-conditional semantics that is based on the notion that the core meaning of any sentence (any statement) is its truth conditions. The analysts of this approach are interested in the instances when the language of the message implicates some additional meaning that accounts for the inference. There are definite rules for combining the meanings of lexical items. Palmer reminds us detailed derivational rules by Katz and Fodor (1963). The rules of combining individual lexical items into the meaningful sentence are called projection rules. The process of combination is called amalgamation, and it is the combination of markers and distinguishers. Paths are the structural analysis of the meanings. Thus projection rules are used to state what can be amalgamated with what, and in what order. The order of lexical items in the sentence depends upon the grammatical status of the elements. According to these rules, we combine adjective with noun, noun phrase and adverb with verb, etc.. As soon as the grammatical status is established, the paths of various lexical items are amalgamated. The next step in this analysis is to state the markers and distinguishers. The markers are general components, and the distinguishers are specific characteristics. After the amalgamation of paths of various lexical items, we combine the meanings into sentence (much alike predicate calculus). Such kind of analysis provides us much more satisfactory results than componential analysis. To sum up, generation/derivation of sentence meaning is based on the rules of componential analysis and amalgamation procedure (the later proved to be more trustworthy and plausible). The meaning of a sentence is generated by adding lexical items according to projection rules discovering restrictions for the situation, and so the meaning of the whole sentence is built.

Friends of the Earth, Gibraltar
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Friends of the Earth, Gibraltar was re-founded in the territory in November 2005 as the local branch of the international environmentalist confederation of the same name. Website : http://www.froegib.motime.com

Nelson Bros Funeral Services
Nelson Bros Funeral Services was established in 1858 and is now a fifth generation family owned and operated business in Melbourne, Australia. Robert Simeon Nelson moved to a small town called Linton, outside Ballarat, in Victoria's goldfields in the hey-day of the mid-19th century gold rush. He established the town's local general store and cabinet works. As the town's carpenter, he also made the town's coffins and thereby became the local undertaker. He then made his own hearses and coaches. By the 1920s, his grandchildren had expanded the business into Melbourne and had several funeral homes across Melbourne suburbs. Theo and James introduced pre-paid funerals and were inaugural members of the Australian Funeral Directors Association. Through the 20th century, Nelson Bros established themselves as leaders of quality and innovation in the industry. Until the 1970s, they even continued to build their own coffins, caskets and hearses. Today, five generations on, the Nelson family continues to own and operate the business. With a distinctive black Rolls Royce fleet and funeral homes in Elsternwick, Footscray, Hoppers Crossing, Sunshine and Williamstown, this funeral company remains a leader of quality and innovation.

T.C. or Too Crunk
T.C. is an underground rap group out Decatur,GA b.k.a. Zone 6 of Atlanta Glenwood Rd. & Second Ave. Their host of hits includes "Snap, Crack & Pop", "G-L-O-C-K", "Grill Boost Yo Mouf Up", & "Glockhead". These young talented rappers have a lot of potential and they are on the road to getting a record deal.

Nayan Thara
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Nayan thara is a leading South Indian actress, who has acted in hit movies in Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu and she is one the most Popular and Best Actress of South India. She has done good roles in both languages, and made herself a reputed name in the South Indian Film Industry.

Biography
She was born on 1984-11-08 in Thiruvalla to Kurian Kodiyattu and Omana Kurian. She completed her schooling in Delhi. She is currently doing BA English Literature in Marthoma College Tiruvalla. She was selected for Best Model Award of Kerala in 2002. She made her debut in Malayalam movie Manasinakkare(2003) directed by the famous director Sathyan Anthikkad. Tamil Film Director Hari of the film 'Ayya' saw her in one of her Malayalam films. She made herself a leading actress through the phenomenal success of her first Tamil movie 'Ayya'. It was a turning point because it brought her many offers. Her greatest opportunity was the film 'Chandramukhi' with Rajinikanth. She is currently working busy in Tamil. She is one of the most profit making actress in South India.

Malayalam
Manassinakkare(Jayaram, Sheela, Nayanthara) directed by Sathyan Anthikkad. Vismayathumpathu(Mohanlal, Nayanthara) directed by Fazil. Natturajavu(Mohanlal, Nayanthara) directed by Shaji Kailas. Thaskaraveeran(Mammootty, Nayanthara) directed by Pramod Pappan. Rappakal(Mammootty, Nayanthara) directed by Kamal.

Tamil
Ayya (Sarath Kumar, Nayanthara) directed by Hari Chandramukhi (Rajnikant, Nayanthara, Jyothika) directed by P.Vasu. Ghajini (Surya, Asin, Nayanthara) directed by Murugadoss.

Big Country, Texas
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The Big Country is a term used to described the region of central Texas which centers around Taylor County. It also includes the following counties: Nolan, Calahan, Fisher, Jones, Shackelford, Stonewall, Haskell, Throckmorton, Runnels, Knox, Stephens, Eastland County, Eastland, Brown, Coleman, and Coke. The Big Country should not be confused with the Big Bend Country, which lies further west.

The main city of the Big Country is Abilene, the (current) county seat of Taylor County and originally a railroad town. Abilene is the location of Dyess Air Force Base and three universities: Abilene Christian University, Hardin-Simmons University, and McMurry University. Dyess and the universities are keystones of the Big Country economy and responsible for many short-term residents.

Abilene is also home to the small but lovely Abilene Zoo, the Grace Museum, the Big Country Balloon Fest, and the Paramount Theater. Other attractions in the Big Country include the historic village at Buffalo Gap and the nearby Abilene State Park; Fort Griffin and Fort Phantom; the World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup at Sweetwater; and (according to urban legend) the Anson Lights of Anson.

Apart from Abilene, most towns in the Big Country are relatively small. Much of the land is dedicated to farming or ranching. Horses and cattle (including longhorns) are common sights, although one can also find more exotic creatures being raised, including ostriches, emus, and dromedary camels. Much of the Big Country is scrubland, and most lakes are manmade. The highways are lined with barbed wire, cacti, bluebonnets, and mesquite trees. The Big Country rural lands and Abilene State Park provide wildlife refuges for species such as bobcats, cougars, whitetail deer, striped skunks, coyotes, red foxes, Eastern cottontails. The Big Country is home to numerous types of birds (including numerous migratory species) and is home to the Big Country Audubon Society. Smaller wildlife abound, and each year the Big Country witnesses the beautiful migrations of the monarch butterflies, for which special gardens are created.

The dominant languages spoken in the Big Country are Spanish and English. The most common religions are Southern Baptist and the church of Christ. The dominance of the latter is intertwined with the controversial Abilene Christian University: Abilene alone has 45+ congregations wearing the name church of Christ.

Allaahu 'Alam
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Allaahu 'alam means Allah knows best. This phrase is commonly used by muslims all over the world when they are asked about an isssue they are not quite sure of. For instance it is common to have the phrase at the end of fataawa - islamic rulings.

Question: is such and such allowed

Answer: According to the qur'an and the sunna it seems to be like this... Because of these evidence I think it is allower, Allaahu 'Alam. And Allah knows best.

-Do you know if Abu Bakr needs this fishing rod?

-Allahu 'Alam, better ask him before you borrow it.

-Do you know where Abdus Salam is?

-Allahu 'Alam

Also the companions of the prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to answer in a similar way when asked about something difficult. This is propably the origin of the practice. However during those days they used to answer Allaahu wa rasuulu 'alam - Allah and His messenger know best. Nowadays, since only one of the two is alive, a shorter version is used.

Here's a hadith from Sahih muslim where the phrase occurs. "It is narrated on the authority of Mu'adh b. Jabal: I was riding behind the Prophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and there was nothing between him and me but the rear part of the saddle, when he said: Mu'adh b. Jabal: To which I replied: At your beck and call, and at your pleasure, Messenger of Allaah! He moved along for a few minutes, when again he said: Mu'adh b. Jabal: To which I replied: At your beck and call, and at your pleasure, Messenger of Allaah! He then again moved along for a few minutes and said: Mu'adh b. Jabal: To which I replied. At your beck and call, and at your pleasure. Messenger of Allaah He, (the Prophet) said: Do you know what right has Allaah upon His servants? I said: Allaah and His Messenger know best. He (the Prophet) said: Verily the right of Allaah over His servants is that they should worship Him, not associating anything with Him. He (the Prophet) with Mu'adh behind him, moved along for a few minutes and said: Mu'adh b. Jabal: To which I replied: At your beck and call, and at your pleasure, Messenger of Allaah! He (the Prophet) said: Do you know what rights have servants upon Allaah in case they do it (i. e. they worship Allaah without associating anything with Him)? I (Mu'adh b. Jabal) replied: Allaah and His Messenger know best. (Upon this) he (the Prophet) remarked: That He would not torment them (with the fire of Hell)."

Stainless steel knies
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Stainless steel is used to make knives because it is strong and does not rust. If knives rusted, the food you are eating woruld not taste very nice!!!
 * Well covered at stainless steel. Tearlach 17:37, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

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Late Professor Raj Shankar
Late Dr. Raj Shankar (1947-2000), Late Professor, Department Of Biochemistry, Institute Of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi-Uttar Pradesh-221005, INDIA

His main fields of specialization were Neurobiochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry.His contributions on neurochemistry are well recognized and he had been invited to deliver lectures in various prestigious conferences.Professor Raj Shankar's contribution is in developmental neurobiology with special reference to undernutrition during brain growth spurt period.His work had clearly established that undernutrition during brain development causes some irreversible changes.In 1991,work carried out in Texas and Yale with Magnetic Resonance Imaging by other workers confirmed some of the conclusions of Prof Shankar's work.Work done during last few years on developing brain show that signal transduction mechanisms are affected due to nutritional stress during brain development.Professor Shankar's other work involved biochemical aspects of mode of action of drugs on C.N.S.Apart from work on reserpine done earlier and published in NATURE and BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY,in 1987 he established that the barbiturate pentobarbitone affects protein phosphorylation in brain.This work is significant from the point of view of views on signal transduction.His work also concerned with mode of action of drugs like haloperidol and trifluoperazine.Professor Shankar's work in clinical biochemistry was mainly concerned with lipoprotein metabolism.Professor Shankar has over 50 publications in international and national Journals of repute.

The brief history of Research work done by him & his contributions to Neuro-Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry :
He worked for one year (1966-67) in the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute,University Of Delhi,India on the Lipid Metabolism In Mycobacteria.In 1967,he went to Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research,University Of British Columbia,Canada to work under Prof.J.H. Quastel, F.R.S. for PhD degree in Biochemistry.There he worked On "Cerebral Metabolism during Anoxia and effect of some Neurotropic Drugs".This work clearly showed that tetrodotoxin strongly stimulates anaerobic glycolysis and these findings led to the conclusion that at the onset of anoxia,and in the absence of tetrodotoxin action potentials are generated. The above work has been cited in various publications by a number of workers.In 1971,he returned from abroad and joined Department Of Biochemistry ,Institute Of Medical Sciences,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi,India.There he initiated work on undernutrition and brain development.His early work was concerned with developing a suitable model for study of effect of undernutrition on cerebral metabolism during the brain growth spurt period.Ultimately the method of restriction feeding time of the suckling rats was adopted and he found that transport property of isolated cerebral tissue is altered in developing rats .This was perhaps first demonstration of the fact that undernourishment during brain growth spurt period causes changes in the membrane organization resulting in altered transport properties.It was also found that a key membrane enzyme Na+K+ ATPase show decreased activity in addition to changes in pattern of oubain inhibition which was reversible on adequate rehabilation.This work along with some other findings of him show that these changes are presumably due to the free radical induced damage to developing brain.

Studies on incorporation of C14-acetate into brain lipids of undernourished rats in vivo carried out by him showed that inspite of lipid deicit, 14C-acetate incorporation is slightly higher in experimental animals.This finding ultimately led to the observation that operation of pentose phosphate cycle is altered in the brains of undernourished animals.Gultathione and ascorbic acid was also studied in undernourished brain. From 1980-84 he worked on a project "Drug Action ,brain development and behavioral changes in the mammalian system "financed by CSIR(India).This work mainly led to the finding that action of some CNS acting drugs are potentiated in undernourished animals.They also observed that the drug reserpine is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and protein phosphorylation in brain.This project was mainly concerned with interaction between drug action,monoamines and membrane phenomenon which could later be extra polated to behaviour.Since various gangliosides are involved in binding of cerebral amines the contents of different species of gangliosides and neuraminidase activity was established.He established that the drug reerpine effects the cationiv content of rat brain and proposed that changes in cationic content may be playing a part in release of monoamines at the synapse.It was further shown that transport property of isolated cerebral tissue is altered in chronic reserpinized animals which further pointed out the membrane action of reserpine.In 1980 he established that there is a relationship between high density lipoproteins and premature atherosclerosis in patients with renal failure.The work on lipoproteins was also carried out with patients suffering from anxiety neurosis.He was one of the coinvestigators in an international study on protein energy requirements in indivisuals of this country and this work was supported by the United Nations University.In addition he was involved in a number of collaborative studies with various groups in the institute.The studies include Biochemical and Immunological studies in chylurya,placental oxidative enzymes in pregnancy anemia,Lecithin-Sphingomyelin ratio in fetal lung maturity etc.Till August 2000 he was involved in study of protein phosphorylation in brain.He had shown that protein phosphorylation is adversely on rehabilation .Attempts were in progress to characterize specific proteins by SDSPAGE and radioautography.He had shown the effect of pentobarbitone on cerebral protein phosphorylation which is not due to to its action on electron transport chain.Work was also in progress in his laboratory till August 2000 to study effect of a number of CNS drugs on protein phosphorylation in brain and to examine if specific proteins are effected.This would have helped to establish exact role of cerebral phosphoproteins in neurotransmission.Mechanism of action of some antiepileptic drugs on brain metabolism was also in progress.In 1999 he conclusively established that in conditions like Alzeihmer's disease there is phosphorylation related folding problem of proteins.This is responsible for cognitive and other defects.Similar situation exists under severe undernutrition during brain growth spurt period and similar mechanism involving protein phosphorylation may be involved here also. In 2000 along with his student Kalyan Goswami,he showed that sites in proteins damaged due to free radicals can be accurately determined by carbonylation studies and may be developed as an accurate method to denote relation between chronological age and biological age after free radical induced damage.(Kalyan Goswami,B.D. Bhatia ,Raj Shankar, 2000)

Mike Hayley
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Mike Hayley is a comedian, impressionist, actor and writer. He starred alongside Shane Ritchie in the BBC's sketch shows, Something For The Weekend (1989) and Up To Something (1990).

He and Alan Francis wrote the play "Jeffrey Dahmer Is Unwell", taking it to the Edinburgh Festival in 1995.

He provides the voice for various characters in the animated TV series, Captain Scarlet and has had minor roles in several big budget films, including the 2000 film 102 Dalmations, directed by Kevin Lima.

Dr. Twister
Dr. Twister was once a documentor of several MMORPG exploits. Although many suspected his intent was to ruin these games, he ran under the premise that these companies needed to be held accountable for their sub-par products. While his approach was disliked, it has become an unignorable point of debate among MMORPG enthusiasts that still holds truth today.

During his heyday, there were only a couple MMORPGs around. It was common for MMORPG developers to not properly test or update their games. This meant that critical bugs were found quite often. Some of those exploits would remain for long periods of time. Essentially, Dr. Twister forced these exploits into the limelight, putting a lot of pressure on developers to get them fixed.

Unfortunately (or fortunately), his site did not last more than a couple years, as his hosting went under along with many others during the dot bomb. He was not heard of again since, until he re-emerged as a writer for http://www.wtfman.com in mid 2005. This time, he promises no more exploit exposés.

Steve Kuhn
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Seve Kuhn is a jazz pianist.

Flight director
Flight Director are devices used in modern aircraft to control various hydraulic devices. Often work with Flight Management System (FMS) and Autopilot (AP) to automate the flying process.

Hegemon of Earth
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In the popularly acclaimed Ender series and shadow series, the Hegemon is the ruler of the planet. Even though the planet is still divided into countries, the Hegemon has power over them all. Peter Wiggin, Ender Wiggin's brother becomes the Hegemon in the Shadow series, closely aided by Bean, the protagonist of the Shadow series, and one of the main characters in Ender's Game.
 * Done, thanks. Kappa 16:56, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Katharine Weber
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Katharine Weber’s fiction debut in print ... snipped ... show tunes of the era, among them "Fine and Dandy" and "Can't We Be Friends?" See www.kayswift.com

Ferentari (Serbian Gang)
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The Ferentari were a group of normally low or none-income Albanian males. The group is responsible for numerous Murder-Rapings that was a cause for the accusations of terrorism on behalf of the Serbian Security Forces. A small instigator in the conflict that caused ethnic cleansing against the normally Muslim Albanians and eventualyl international involvment. The gang later went on to be a small contributor to the larger groups of Albanian sepreatists. The Ferentari were famous for ignoring the age of their victims, young or old none were discriminated when it came to the rape-murders. The gang was not completely restricted to attacking Christian victims as their particpation in the war on behalf of the Albanians implies. Muslim's who did not pay protection were targetted aswell. The term "Ferentari" is still feared today among the inhabitants of the former area of Kosovo.

Ferentari were exposed by London Times reporter Nigel Wellington. Wellington conducted interviews with former members of the gang for his article in the paper.

Entertainment: In the movie "Behind Enemy Lines" one of the gangs is reffered to as the "Ferantari" whic is inaccurate as the Ferentari were disbanded by that point in the War.

Operational plan
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An operational plan explains the day-to-day operations of your business—hours of operation, manufacturing schedule, emergency and back-up procedures, etc.

Psychoundakis, Georgios
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Cretan shepherd, b.1920 in Asigonia, Crete, war hero and writer rewarded BEM from the British government after the war. He served as dispatch runner between Petro Petrakas and Papadakis behind the German lines for the Cretan Resistance Movement and later for the British Intelligence Service 1941 – 1945. Through his remarkable narrative "The Cretan Runner" he gave the Cretan runners a face. His later commander Patrick Leigh Fermor described the book as equivalent to an Arab version of The Seven Pillars of Wisdom. After the war Georgios Psychoundakis wrongly was sent to prison as a deserter, where he was confined for 16 months until the bureaucratic error was discovered and led to his release. The book was written when he was in confinement.

The Cretan runners performed amazing feats and made essential contributions to the British operations in the Mediterranean. Pheidippides who in 490 B. C. ran 42, 195 km from the battle of Marathon to tell about the victory over the Persians died just after delivering his message. In comparison Georgios Psychoundakis ran from Kissamos on the North Western coast of Crete to the Paleochora in one night. The distance along the present main road is 70 km. Trough the wild and rugged landscape with deep ravines, where he had to run to avoid the Germans, the distance may be three times this.

After the war Georgios Psychoundakis became a coal burner Cretan mountains to support his family until his book was published in 1955. It is translated to a number of foreign languages.

He later wrote "The Eagles Nest" which deals with the life and customs in Cretan mountain villages. This book has so far not been translated to a foreign language.

Georgios Psychoundakis’ may be greatest achievement is his translation of Homers works from old Greek language to Cretan dialect. Seen on the background of about his two or three years of occasional village education, this is remarkable.

He lives today in the outskirt of Xania overlooking the Souda Bay.

Preston High School (Bronx)
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Preston High School is an all-girls Catholic high school in the Throgs Neck neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City.

Notable alumni

 * Jennifer Lopez (Renowned actress / dancer / recording artist, rising to fame on-screen playing slain Tejano singer Selena and subsequently releasing multi-platinum albums such as "On the 6" and "J.Lo").

SCHOOL'S HOMEPAGE: www.prestonhs.org

204.177.90.3 18:19, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I made this at Preston High School (Bronx) please expand it. Kappa 18:24, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

tka-tka
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tka-tka is a mystical land in central easter island linking to another dimension it is said it cfan be found during a solar eclipse.
 * Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. -- kenb215 talk 19:22, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Credit Mobilier Scandal
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Started in 1872 when the Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed the credit mobilier construction company. They hired themselves to build the railroad and thus paying themselves a lot of money. They feared intervention from congress, therefore they sold some stock to important congressmen. Congressional investigations and a newspaper expose exposed the scandal. Two congressmen were censured and the Vice President under Grant was also involved.

Blue Slip
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A Blue Slip is an opinion written by a Senator from state of residence of a federal judicial nominee. Both Senators from the state are sent a blue slip in which they may submit a favorable or unfavorable opinion of a nominee. They may also choose not to submit one. The Senate Judiciary Committee takes Blue Slips highly into consideration whether or not to confirm a nominee. It is a means through which the practice of senatorial courtesy is carried out.

Dewsbury Celtic Appoint High Profile Coach
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Celtic prepare for National League Three with major coaching appointment

Dewsbury Celtic will be seeking to build on last year’s successful switch to summer rugby when they play in National League Three in 2006. Competing in a ten-team league with fellow new boys Featherstone Lions, Celtic will build on last year’s experience in travelling to development areas such as St Albans, Hemel and Gateshead, as well as competing against local rivals Bramley Buffaloes and Bradford Dudley Hill. The season starts on 26th February with the group stage of the Northern Rail Cup, where Celtic are paired with Bramley and Warrington Wizards. The league programme kicks off on 15th April with a home fixture against Hemel Stags.

In preparation for the new season Celtic have appointment ed former England Lionhearts coach and performance director Lee Addison as Head Coach for the forthcoming National League 3 season. Lee commences his role with immediate effect and will hold his first training session with the team on Thursday 5th Jan. He is also meeting players earlier in the week to outline his plans for the forthcoming season. Lee has already amassed excellent experience as a coach and was recently appointed as one of six elite coaches on the RFL development camp. He has also had a successful two year spell as England Students Head Coach and was Doncaster Dragons Under 21’s Senior Academy Head Coach in 2005. Chairman Tom O'Donovan commented "We are pleased to welcome Lee to the club. He is a young, talented, ambitious coach who already has experience of the summer game at a high level. All at the club are excited by the prospects for the coming season. Celtic have committed to the summer game and have gathered a young squad with genuine quality for the 2006 season. We are confident that the combination of a young and ambitious coach and playing squad will reap great dividends for the club" Lee himself commented "I am well and truly delighted to be joining an ambitious and forward thinking club such as Dewsbury Celtic. The club is currently run by people who have a huge pedigree in the game and their enthusiasm is infectious. I can't wait to get started and I'm glad to be part of it. Dewsbury Celtic have made some huge transitions in recent times and it is for us all to concentrate on establishing Dewsbury Celtic as a summer club and building a solid base for the future. It's an exciting few months and years ahead!"

World Mayor 2005
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The top 10 mayors of World Mayor 2005

Rank Mayor City Country 1 Dora Bakoyannis Athens Greece 2 Hazel McCallion Mississauga Canada 3 Alvaro Arzú Guatemala City Guatemala 4 Oscar Samson Rodriguez San Fernando Philippines 5 Gavin Newsom San Francisco USA 6 Michael Häupl Vienna Austria 7 Christian Ude Munich Germany 8 Fernando Damata Pimentel Belo Horizonte Brazil 9 Shirley Franklin Atlanta USA 10 John So Melbourne Australia

Chao Xu
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The Biography of Chao Xu

Tate Springs Baptist Church
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A brief history of Tate Springs Baptist Church from it's founding until 2002 by Ray Gammon

Min izāmō
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"Min izāmō" is the national anthem of Livonians. It was written by  Korli Stalte, a famous Livonian poet and became the national anthem of Livonians, an almoust extinct people in Latvia.


 * (in Livonian)


 * Min izāmō, min sindimō,
 * ūod ārmaz rānda sa,
 * kus rāndanaigās kazābõd
 * vel vanād, vizād piedāgõd.
 * Min ārmaz īlmas ūod set sa,
 * min tõurõz izāmō!


 * Min izāmō, min sindimō,
 * ūod ārmaz rānda sa,
 * kus lāinõd mierstõ vīerõbõd
 * un rāndan sūdõ āndabõd.
 * Min ārmaz īlmas ūod set sa,
 * min tõurõz izāmō!


 * Min izāmō, min sindimō,
 * ūod ārmaz rānda sa,
 * kus jelābõd īd kalāmīed,
 * kis mīer pääl ātõ päävad īed.
 * Min ārmaz īlmas ūod set sa,
 * min tõurõz izāmō!


 * Min izāmō, min sindimō,
 * ūod ārmaz rānda sa,
 * kus kūltõb um vel pivā ēļ
 * - min amā ārmaz rāndakēļ.
 * Min ārmaz īlmas ūod set sa,
 * min tõurõz izāmō!


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mathematical analysis of the Philadelphia Experiment
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The Metric Tensor and Field Tensor Problem
Let us assume the most general possible metric tensor in (x,y,z,t) space:

$$ [g] = [g_{\alpha \beta}] = \begin{bmatrix} g_{xx} & g_{xy} & g_{xz} & g_{xt} \\ g_{yx} & g_{yy} & g_{yz} & g_{yt} \\ g_{zx} & g_{zy} & g_{zz} & g_{zt} \\ g_{tx} & g_{ty} & g_{tz} & g_{tt} \end{bmatrix} $$

We will not assume any coordinate symmetries, nor any symmetries in the metric tensor; we will solve the problem in the full 16 metric tensor variables.

We will also need the inverse metric tensor, which in this case would be obtained by treating the tensor as a matrix and inverting the matrix.

$$ [g]^{-1} = [g^{\alpha \beta}] $$

We note that the metric tensor $$g_{\mu \alpha}$$ times the inverse metric tensor $$g^{\beta \mu}$$ yields the Kronecker-Delta tensor. This is equivalent to a matrix times its inverse being equal to the identity matrix.

$$ [g]^{-1} [g] = [I] $$

or

$$ g^{\mu \alpha} g_{\beta \mu} = \delta^{\alpha}_{\beta} $$

Now that we have postulated the metric tensor, we have a lot of algebra to do in order to arrive at the Einstein tensor. The first thing to calculate are all of the connection symbols.

$$ \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\beta \gamma} = \frac{1}{2} g^{\mu \alpha} [ \frac{\partial g_{\gamma \mu}}{\partial x^{\beta}} + \frac{\partial g_{\beta \mu}}{\partial x^{\gamma}} - \frac{\partial g_{\gamma \beta}}{\partial x^{\mu}} ] $$

Since there are 4 indices (x,y,z,t) that could be assigned to the connection symbol indices $$(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$$, then there are 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 different connection symbols that need to be calculated (since we are not assuming any coordinate symmetry, nor even any metric tensor symmetry). The index $$\mu$$ is an index that is repeated and it is an example of the Einstein notation, which specifies summation over all possible values of that index. For example, consider the product of the factor in front with the first term in brackets. What the repeated index really means is a sum of the form:

$$ g^{\mu \alpha} [ \frac{\partial g_{\gamma \mu}}{\partial x^{\beta}} ] = g^{x \alpha} \frac{\partial g_{\gamma x}}{\partial x^{\beta}} + g^{y \alpha} \frac{\partial g_{\gamma y}}{\partial x^{\beta}} + g^{z \alpha} \frac{\partial g_{\gamma z}}{\partial x^{\beta}} + g^{t \alpha} \frac{\partial g_{\gamma t}}{\partial x^{\beta}} $$

This is the sort of summation that is going to occur a lot in this article. Basically, whenever 1 repeated index occurs, it implies the sum of 4 terms, one for each of the indices (x,y,z,t). Whenever 2 repeated indices occurs, it implies the sum of 4 x 4 = 16 terms. In this fashion, the expressions that occur in the algebra of general relativity can quickly become millions of terms long.

Note that first derivatives occur in the formula for the connection symbol. These are expressions that are going to be replaced by finite differenced first derivative expressions. We will talk about the numerical aspects of this problem later.

Now that the connection symbols are all calculated, we move on to the Riemann tensor components. These are given by: <Wide image hidden> For this tensor, there are 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 256 components to calculate (since we are not assuming any symmetries whatsoever). Also, the product that occurs with the $$g_{\mu \nu}$$ factor times the terms in the second set of brackets, involve a sum over 2 indices, and so this means the sum of 4 x 4 = 16 sets of such brackets, in each and every one of the Riemann tensor components.

Note that second derivatives occur in the first set of brackets. These are expressions that are going to be replaced by finite differenced second derivative expressions.

Next, we must calculate the Ricci tensor components. These are given by:

$$ R_{\alpha \beta} = g^{\mu \nu} R_{\mu \alpha \nu \beta} $$

There will be 4 x 4 = 16 such tensor components. Each one will involve a sum of 4 x 4 = 16 terms.

Next, we calculate the Ricci scalar. This is given by:

$$ R = g^{\mu \nu} R_{\mu \nu} $$

Finally, we form the Einstein tensor:

$$ G_{\alpha \beta} = R_{\alpha \beta} - \frac{1}{2} g_{\alpha \beta} R $$

To get this far, in terms of writing out useful finite difference expressions, a tremendous amount of algebra is required! Probably, this is too much algebra to write down by hand, or even to code by hand. There will be an awful lot more before we are finished. It is suggested that the user code this expressions within a symbollic computation program such as Maple. One would start by coding the metric tensor exactly as we defined it at the start. One would then calculate the inverse metric tensor by simply calculating the inverse of the matrix, possibly using Kramer's Rule, or possibly using a built-in matrix inversion function. Note that calculating the inverse metric tensor alone is probably too much algebra to do by hand. Then, each set of tensor elements may be symbollically coded, until one finally has got symbollic expressions for all 4 x 4 = 16 components of the Einstein tensor. Next, all occurrences of first and second derivatives must be replaced with finite differenced expressions, which we will discuss toward the end of this article.

Eventually, we will end up with a residual tensor, and we will want to convert the symbollic expressions for all related elements to computer code, such as fortran 77. This is one good reason to use Maple. Maple is capable of automatically converting symbollic expressions to optimized code. The result will be code that is not human-readable. However, the Maple worksheet that has led to the auto-code will hopefully be somewhat human-readable, for error checking purposes.

We have got about half the material we need to formulate the Einstein equations, namely, the Einstein tensor. The second half of the material is the energy-momentum tensor for an electromagnetic field.

We must start with the electromagnetic field tensor:

$$ F^{\alpha \beta} = \begin{bmatrix} 0  &   b_z & - b_y & - e_x \\ - b_z &  0   &   b_x & - e_y \\ b_y & - b_x &  0   & - e_z \\ e_x &  e_y &   e_z &   0 \end{bmatrix} $$

The quantities $$(e_x, e_y, e_z)$$ and $$(b_x, b_y, b_z)$$ are the components of the electric and magnetic fields respectively, in our rectangular coordinate system (x,y,z,t). Since these are the field components that make up the field tensor, and hence which will make up the energy-momentum tensor, one might think that these were going to be the source variables. But this is not how we will formulate this problem! The field variables are going to be added to the list of dependent variables, and they are going to appear in the Maxwell equations, which will be added to the list of equations. And in the Maxwell equations, the field variables will be expressed in terms of the source current densities. The source current densities are going to be the sole source variables in the problem! This means that the entire problem is going to be solved based on the magnitude and direction of the source electric currents. These currents might possibly be an electric current running through a set of coils, or plasma running through some kind of plasma conduit, or whatever electric current source one might postulate was used in the actual Philadelphia Experiment.

In any event, we now need to calculate the energy-momentum tensor components. This components we require are given by:

$$ T_{\alpha \beta} = g_{\alpha \nu} F^{\mu \nu} F_{\beta \mu} - \frac{1}{4} g_{\alpha \beta} F_{\mu \nu} F^{\mu \nu} $$

Note that this formula uses the $$F_{\alpha \beta}$$ form of the field tensor. This is given by:

$$ F_{\alpha \beta} = g_{\alpha \mu} g_{\beta \nu} F^{\mu \nu} $$

We finally have all the info we need to formulate the Einstein equations:

$$ G_{\alpha \beta} = - 8 \pi G T_{\alpha \beta} $$

where G is the Universal Constant of Gravitation.

We need this equation to be in residual form. Therefore, let us define the residual tensor to be:

$$ r_{\alpha \beta} = G_{\alpha \beta} + 8 \pi G T_{\alpha \beta} $$

Therefore our gravitational field equations are simply:

$$ r_{\alpha \beta} = 0 $$

We stated earlier that we needed the Maxwell equations. In their general relativistic form, the Maxwell equations are:

$$ F^{\mu \alpha}_{; \mu} = - J^{\alpha} $$

$$ F_{\alpha \beta ; \gamma} + F_{\gamma \alpha ; \beta} + F_{\beta \gamma ; \alpha} = 0 $$

The covariant form of differentiation we have used here are expressions of the form:

$$ F^{\alpha \beta}_{; \gamma} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x^{\gamma}} F^{\alpha \beta} + \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\gamma \mu} F^{\mu \beta} + \Gamma^{\beta}_{\gamma \mu} F^{\alpha \mu} $$

$$ F_{\alpha \beta ; \gamma} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x^{\gamma}} F_{\alpha \beta} - \Gamma^{\mu}_{\gamma \alpha} F_{\mu \beta} - \Gamma^{\mu}_{\gamma \beta} F_{\mu \alpha} $$

Since both forms of the field tensor are antisymmetric, it turns out that the two Maxwell equations may be expressed in the simplified form:

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x^{\mu}} \sqrt{g} F^{\mu \alpha} = - \sqrt{g} J^{\alpha} $$

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial \alpha} F_{\beta \gamma} + \frac{\partial}{\partial \beta} F_{\gamma \alpha} + \frac{\partial}{\partial \gamma} F_{\alpha \beta} = 0 $$

In the first Maxwell equation, the scalar $$g$$ is the negative of the determinant of the metric tensor $$[g] = [g_{\alpha \beta}]$$. Since a square root of the determinant occurs in the equation, we will not use this form; we will use the previous more complicated form. The reason for this is that we will be bending space by gradually increasing the magnitude of the source current $$J^{\alpha}$$. As this is occurring, there is no telling how the metric tensor will change. We will start it off as the Minkowski metric tensor for flat space. However, as the source current is increased, space will bend, and the metric tensor will change. If the metric tensor changes to something such that $$\sqrt{g}$$ is imaginary, even just temporarily within the numerical code, then this will invalidate the computation. Therefore, it will be numerically simpler to use the previous more complicated version of the equation where $$\sqrt{g}$$ does not appear and hence this problem will not occur.

The second Maxwell equation, however, is considerably simpler and does not contain any such troublesome term. We will therefore use the latter simpler version of this equation.

At this point we assume a source current density of the form $$(J^x, J^y, J^z)$$. These will be the only source terms appearing anywhere in the equations. Expanding the first Maxwell equation into 3 equations, one for each source current density component, we obtain:

$$ F^{x x}_{; x} + F^{y x}_{; y} + F^{z x}_{; z} + F^{t x}_{; t} = - J^x $$

$$ F^{x y}_{; x} + F^{y y}_{; y} + F^{z y}_{; z} + F^{t y}_{; t} = - J^y $$

$$ F^{x z}_{; x} + F^{y z}_{; y} + F^{z z}_{; z} + F^{t z}_{; t} = - J^z $$

Let us expand all the covariant derivatives in these equations to obtain: <Wide images hidden> In order for these equations to be useful in the numerical solution that will be described soon, they must be in residual form: <Wide images hidden> Expanding the second Maxwell equation into 3 equations:

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial y} F_{z t} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z} F_{t y} + \frac{\partial}{\partial t} F_{y z} = 0 $$

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} F_{z t} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z} F_{t x} + \frac{\partial}{\partial t} F_{x z} = 0 $$

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} F_{y t} + \frac{\partial}{\partial y} F_{t x} + \frac{\partial}{\partial t} F_{x y} = 0 $$

However, we want equations with the $$F^{\alpha \beta}$$ form of the field tensor, and so the above equations become:

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial y} g_{z \mu} g_{t \nu} F^{\mu \nu} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z} g_{t \mu} g_{y \nu} F^{\mu \nu} + \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_{y \mu} g_{z \nu} F^{\mu \nu} = 0 $$

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} g_{z \mu} g_{t \nu} F^{\mu \nu} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z} g_{t \mu} g_{x \nu} F^{\mu \nu} + \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_{x \mu} g_{z \nu} F^{\mu \nu} = 0 $$

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} g_{y \mu} g_{t \nu} F^{\mu \nu} + \frac{\partial}{\partial y} g_{t \mu} g_{x \nu} F^{\mu \nu} + \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_{x \mu} g_{y \nu} F^{\mu \nu} = 0 $$

These equations are already in the residual form we require. We simply need to expand the derivatives with the product rule: <Wide images hidden> At this point we have got 22 equations in 22 unknowns. The 22 equations are the 16 Einstein equations:

$$ r_{\alpha \beta} = 0, \alpha = x,y,z,t, \beta = x,y,z,t $$

plus the 6 Maxwell equations:

$$ r1_x = 0 $$

$$ r1_y = 0 $$

$$ r1_z = 0 $$

$$ r2_x = 0 $$

$$ r2_y = 0 $$

$$ r3_z = 0 $$

And the 22 unknowns are the 16 metric tensor components $$g_{\alpha \beta}, \alpha = x,y,z,t, \beta = x,y,z,t$$ plus the 6 electromagnetic field components $$(e_x, e_y, e_z)$$, $$(b_x, b_y, b_z)$$.

Also, recall that the only source variables in this problem are the source current densities $$(J^x, J^y, Y^z)$$.

The Geodesic Problem
The solution will amount to the metric tensor and the electromagnetic field components being specified at all points in 4D space. In order for us to be able to visualize this space, and the bending of space that has occurred, we would need to map out the space by solving the geodesic equation for the paths of rays of light. The geodesic equation is:

$$ \frac{d^2 x^{\alpha}}{d \rho^2} + \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\mu \nu} \frac{d x^{\mu}}{d \rho} \frac{d x^{\nu}}{d \rho} = 0 $$

This equation is in terms of proper time $$\rho$$. The proper time $$\rho$$ is different from the coordinate time $$t$$.

At this point we have covered all of the fundamental mathematics that is required. Next, we move on to describe how this problem would be solved numerically.

The Numerical Mathematics
The fundamental mathematics that has been covered so far is straight out of any of the accepted texts in general relativity.

Now, we discuss how the problem may be solved numerically. The 22 equations contain first derivatives of the metric tensor components and electromagnetic field components. They also contain second derivatives of the metric tensor components. We have carefully written all expressions in a form such that these first and second derivatives appear explicitly. Therefore, in a symbollic computation program such as Maple, these derivatives may be replaced with finite difference expressions; there should be no need for long partial derivative expansions.

Let us suppose that the quantity $$h$$ is either one of the 16 metric tensor components, or one of the 6 field components. Let us consider first and second derivative expressions with respect to coordinates $$x$$ and $$y$$ in the rectangular (x,y,z,t) space in which the finite difference grid is defined.

Suitable central first derivative expressions are:

$$ ( \frac{\partial h}{\partial x} )_{ijkl} = \frac{h_{i+1,jkl} - h_{i-1,jkl}}{x_{i+1} - x_{i-1}} $$

$$ ( \frac{\partial h}{\partial y} )_{ijkl} = \frac{h_{i,j+1,kl} - h_{i,j-1,kl}}{y_{j+1} - y_{j-1}} $$

Suitable central second derivative expressions are: <Wide images hidden> Substituting finite difference expressions like these into all the first and second derivative expressions in our 22 residual equations, amounts to a set of $$N = 22 \times (n_x \times n_y \times n_z \times n_t)$$ nonlinear algebraic residual equations that must be solved. This problem is going to be very large. Even with only a modest 100 grid points per dimension, the problem ends up being in terms of 2.2 billion variables.

Boundary Conditions
The obvious boundary condition to impose on all the grid boundary surfaces, is flat space (Minkowski space) and zero fields. Flat space is described by the metric tensor:

$$ [g] = [g_{\alpha \beta}] = \begin{bmatrix} +1 &   &    &  0 \\                                & +1 &    &    \\                                &    & +1 &    \\                              0 &    &    & -1 \\                           \end{bmatrix} $$

and zero fields are simply:

$$ (e_x, e_y, e_z) = (0, 0, 0) $$

$$ (b_x, b_y, b_z) = (0, 0, 0) $$

Initial Conditions
The obvious initial conditions are flat space and zero fields, the same as those given above, but imposed initially at all grid points.

Problem Geometry
The only source terms are the source current densities:

$$ J^a = (J^x, J^y, J^z) $$

or in terms of a magnitude and a unit vector:

$$ J^a = J (\hat{j}_x, \hat{j}_y, \hat{j}_z) $$

The source current geometry is most likely the only geometry that needs to be specified. An interesting source current geometry might be a hoop current, or two hoop currents, separate by a given distance, or possibly a helix current.

The source current direction vectors $$(\hat{j}_x, \hat{j}_y, \hat{j}_z)$$ should be assigned values that describe any one of these possible current geometries. In a given time frame, a hoop current, say, will have the geometry of an ordinary hoop in ordinary 3D space. We will assume that this same hoop geometry will exist at all time frames within the simulation. Therefore, this same hoop geometry should be replicated for all time points in the 4D grid. In this way, we will have specified the source current direction vectors over 4D space. The source current direction values will have appropriate values where-ever the hoop resides in 4D space, and will be zero everywhere else.

The source current magnitude could be any function in time. It could be a non-zero constant value for all time. It could ramp up over an initial time interval and then stay constant at a non-zero value for all time there-on. There might be many interesting source current magnitude patterns that could be studied. In any event, at every point in 4D space where a non-zero source current direction vector resides, an appropriate source current magnitude should be specified.

We might want the hoop current, or the helix current, or whatever, to encircle a metal military hardware structure like a ship or an airplane. However, we may most likely ignore the geometry and the composition of such a metal structure, for purposes of our simulation. In order to bend space, we will need very very strong source current magnitudes. The very very strong electromagnetic fields that will arise as a result, will most likely take the magnetization of any metal structure way past magnetic saturation, so that for purposes of computation, the metal structure may be neglected.

Numerical Method of Solution
Our system of nonlinear algebraic equations could very well contain 2.2 billion variables. For a smaller problem, we might attempt a numerical solution using a Newton nonlinear method. However, in order to use this class of methods, we would need to formulate a Jacobian matrix, and we would need to solve it often. However, for a problem size on the order of 2 billion, the Jacobian matrix is likely to contain on the order of a trillion non-zero entries. Such a matrix would most likely be too large for early 21st century computers.

A simpler method that might work would be to let the problem variables relax to whatever steady-state values they will take. In order to make this happen, we would invent a hypothetical time paramter $$\tau$$. We would change our 22 residual equations to a system of coupled first order equations in time $$\tau$$

$$ \dot{r}_{\alpha \beta} = r_{\alpha \beta} $$

$$ \dot{r1}_x = r1_x $$

$$ \dot{r1}_y = r1_y $$

$$ \dot{r1}_z = r1_z $$

$$ \dot{r2}_x = r1_x $$

$$ \dot{r2}_y = r1_y $$

$$ \dot{r2}_z = r1_z $$

The general idea is to pick a time-marching scheme that will advance these equations through our hypothetical time $$\tau$$, until all the right-hand-sides have relaxed to zero. When this occurs, the first derivatives on the left-hand-sides are also zero, meaning that the original residual equations are satisfied, and that all problem variables have relaxed to the solution values.

Perhaps a time-marching scheme as simple as the Runge Kutta Method would work here. Perhaps an adaptive Runge Kutta algorithm would be required, though perhaps a simple dumb Runge Kutta algorithm would work.

If the set of equations turned out to be a stiff set of equations, then a solution might be impossible for early 21st century computers. A time-marching scheme for stiff systems requires a Jacobian, and then we are right back to the practical limitations that made the Newton nonlinear class of methods impractical.

Mapping the Solution Space
Assuming that we do end up with a numerical solution to this problem, we will need to map the warped space in order to be able to view a 3D projection of it. A suitable 3D projection could be the bent paths that light rays take through the 3D space, at each and every time frame. In fact, the mappings for each time frame could be strung together into a movie so that we could watch how the space warps as time advances. This could be particularly interest if we were using a source current magnitude that ramped up from zero to a very high value strong enough to warp space.

In order to map the bent paths that light rays would take through the system, we would need to take our metric tensor solution, and use it calculate all 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 connection symbols. Then, we would use the connection symbols to formulate the geodesic equation:

$$ \frac{d^2 x^{\alpha}}{d \rho^2} + \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\mu \nu} \frac{d x^{\mu}}{d \rho} \frac{d x^{\nu}}{d \rho} = 0 $$

The derivatives in the geodesic equation are taken with respect to the proper time $$\rho$$. The proper time is a parameter that expresses the distance travelled along a given geodesic.

The geodesic equation is second order, and hence requires an initial coordinate and an initial velocity, for whatever geodesic we wish to calculate. For a light ray, we could pick an initial coordinate to be a point on one of the boundary surfaces. We could pick the initial velocity direction to be pointing inwards from the boundary, into the problem space, and perpendicular to the boundary surface. We would pick the velocity magnitude to be that of the speed of light. Within this unitless system, the speed of light would be of unit magnitude:

$$ c = 1 $$

The geodesic equation would perhaps also be solved using a Runge Kutta Method.

Some Final Thoughts
The body of math covered in this article would be laborious, but also straightforward, to use to construct a numerical solution of the general electromagnetic field problem arising from an arbitrary source current density distribution. The math would be useful for a very general class of applied physics problems.

However, it is hoped that this body of math will be used one day soon to clear up the mystery that has surrounded the conjectures that have been made for decades now on the Philadelphia Experiment. The math covered in this article is the genuine science behind the science fiction. A numerical solution of this problem would clarify for the world, once and for all, what would have really happened over the course of the experiment.

My own conjecture is that the math will demonstrate that the source current magnitude that it takes to bend space significantly enough for the unusual effects of general relativity to occur, would be so large that they could not be generated by man-made machinery on Earth. Quite possibly, it is only current magnitudes on the astrophysical scale, such as spinning charged stars or black holes, that will prove to be large enough.

This, however, does not make this body of math useless for man-made applications. it is quite possible that the very small general relativistic effects arising from small current source magnitudes, do or will carry some importance in the development of novel technologies.

On a practical note, in order for a computer to hold 2.2 billion variables in memory, with each variable being a 32 bit real number, the computer would have to have 70.4 Gigs of RAM. The time-marching schemes like the Runge Kutta methods, typically require that 5 or so copies of the solution vector be held in memory at any one time. For 5 copies of the solution vector, the computer would have to have 352 Gigs of RAM, meaning that for good measure this amount of memory should be doubled, so that a computer having on the order of 700 Gigs of RAM would be necessary to solve this problem.

That is one powerful and mighty computer that is required. But this is, after-all, the 21st century, and these are the sorts of applied physics problems that it is time to attempt.

CAHDOK
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Cahdok is one of the Bahrag,Cahdok and Gahdok.The Bahrag telepathically command the krana.

Sources:Bionicle.com,Wikipedia 67.137.250.1 20:06, 8 January 2006 (UTC)Jonathan


 * Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. -- kenb215 talk 20:29, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Little Wee Wee Head
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I am a nonracist and everyone who is racist deserves to be hurt in there heart because there dumb to find someone who isnt there color so different that they wont even talk to them!

I am also againt racist people and my children are racist! What should I do? Julie from Howard Beach

Hurt there hearts! Tell them they are white and shouldnt be proud because of there idiotic, insane, dumb and selfish ancestors! Me from Old Howard Beach
 * I agree with you entirely, but Wikipedia is not a soapbox and this page is for article submissions. If you got a question, put it on the reference desk. As for your children, why not make some more effort to teach them your values? - Mgm|(talk) 09:12, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Lichtenu, Padderborn Germany
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The town where Freidrich Simon Archenhold was born in 1874.

Luke Szywala
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Billiards trick shot player, lost against Nick Nicolidas in the Trick Shot Magic men's semifinal.

The Funeral Orchestra
The Funeral Orchestra play Ritualistic Trance like Funeral doom metal.
 * Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. QuiteUnusual 21:47, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Zanger Bob
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Zanger Bob is some fat 9 year old who is Dutch and sings

graeme tolmie
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 * Snipped unsourced libel. Tearlach 21:46, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Barf (Lake District)
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Barf is a hill in the north western Lake District in Cumbria, UK. Material moved to created article.

88.111.158.193 21:00, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Created. Thanks! Tearlach 21:13, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

The Xs
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;" ! |  Archived discussion follows below. Please do not modify it. <div class="boilerplate metadata afc" style="background-color: ; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
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 * 1) Redirect The X's

FK Obilic
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was founded in 1. august 1924 in church "Sveti Sava" - Vracar, and he start competition one year later. In that time Belgrade league had three levels, and Obilic was in "first level" in season 1928/29.

This was a "gold period" for football club Obilic. In sesaon 1932/33 he finished season on second place, and three times he was on third place - 1931/32, 1935/36, 1937/38. During the "Second War World II" they continued competition, but in abnormal conditions. FC Obilic was always on third place(1941-1944), behind famous teams in that time "BSK" and "SK-1913"

After the "Second War World II" it was baned to use name of Obilic in country. Because, football club had name "Cuburac" till 1952, and in year 1952/53 "Cuburac" and "Sumadija" made a compact and return the name "Milos Obilic". That year club started in I"B" level.

First big success is coming ten years ago. With good results, he is coming to "third level", and member of "second level" became in sesaon 1991/92. In "stage two" Obilic became in season 1993/94. Then in FC Obilic is coming new leader of the club, Zeljko Raznatovic. He is making a reconstruction of the club, he is making a new stadium, and he brought big energy and spirit of winners.

In season 1996/97 Obilic is first in second division with many, many pts. ahead the second place team, and big difference between other clubs.

New team in first division, but for Obilic that is not a problem. In his first season, he persist battle against "Red star" and "Partizan", an he won championship, first time in history of the club.

Great success is associated with Mr. Zeljko Raznatovic, manager, big football fan, man who know everything about football, man who was the whole day on stadium, and he made one big team, team for Europe and world.

Rubbenstein School for Natural Resource and the Environment
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The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources is a college within the University of Vermont. Highly respected throughout the world and considered by many one of the best environmental school in the country. In fact, recently during a visit by leading Environmental Attorney Robert F. Kennedy Jr., he acknowledged the Rubenstein School as the best environmental school in the country. Utilizing the Green Mountain State's many resources such as Lake Champlain and also the surrounding Green Mounains and Adirondack Mountains (in New York) has assisted in a wide range of research studies.

Sigma Tau Psi
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Removed copyright violation of http://www.geneseo.edu/~sigtau/history.html.


 * Thank you for telling us whose copyright you violated. No thank you for text that violates copyright.  Please read the instructions given in big red letters at the top of the page. Uncle G 22:00, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Melendez Valdes
IN THE ARTICLE IN ENGLISH ON MELENDEZ VALDES YOU SAY THERE IS NO ARTICLE ON MANUEL GODOY. NOT TRUE. BOTH ENGLISH AND SPANISH WIKIS HAVE GODOY.
 * Mended (assuming you mean Juan Meléndez Valdés and Manuel de Godoy). You're allowed to make such edits yourself. Tearlach 22:06, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Luke Hemming
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Luke Hemming lives in Pen-coed (the hyphen has been added for the annoyance of the council, its also pencoed not COYD by the way). he's in college at the moment and is still,which suprises even him,dating Hannah Williams.Life really should have decided he can't be that lucky by now.But she's his lover, his best friend and he can say "I've got a girlfriend" a lot.

[russell mccloy]
87.80.39.36 22:29, 8 January 2006 (UTC)Fan of Russell McCloy
 * The proposed article previously in this section has been declined and removed from this page, since it appears to be nonsense. If this proposal was written as a test, then congratulations; your test succeeded. Please use the sandbox for further tests, or please go on and propose a real article, following the guidelines listed on the Articles for creation page. QuiteUnusual 21:42, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Nkem Owoh
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famous Nigerian actor, star of Osuofia In London.