Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2008-04-05

Informal Social Control
Informal social control, or the reactions of individuals and groups that bring about conformity to norms and laws, includes peer and community pressure, bystander intervention in a crime, and collective responses such as citizen patrol groups (Conklin, 2007). The agents of the criminal justice system exercise more control when informal social control is weaker (Black, 1976).

Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! ShoesssS Talk 18:25, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Source
Conklin, J. (2007). Criminology. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
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Demos
Declined. This article already exists in Wikipedia. ArcAngel (talk) 04:40, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
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Studio Albums
Declined. This article already exists in Wikipedia. ArcAngel (talk) 04:41, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
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DJ Ade
DJ Ade appeared in the UK Garage scene in 2007, with his first white label release entitled "No More" which featured vocalist Hayley Ellis. His second release "Free From You" was recorded vocally by talented singer/songwriter Collette Jay. Both his releases have received airplay on most underground stations and also Kiss FM.

His two brand new releases "All Good Vibez" and "Finally" featuring MC M-R-T are due out anytime soon. DJ Ade is labelled a "nu skool UK Garage" producer and DJ, and many people in the scene regard his productions as a "new feel funky kind of UKG".

Marykate Malat
Mary Kate E. Malat is an American fashion model and actress. She was the first and only teen named to Supermodel's Unlimited Magazine's top 5 most beautiful model's list for both 2006 & 2007. She has appeared in Vogue Bambini,American Vogue and the movies "Hope and a Little Sugar" (2006) and "Reservation Road" directed by Terry George(2007). She is a featured actress in the "Don't Fear the Dark" Music video for TFK. She is signed with the famous Wilhelmina Agency in New York City and the Johnston Agency. Born in Camden County, Georgia on October 16, 1994. Mary Kate is the daughter of beauty pageant photographer Catherine Fiehn.

MFA
Made for Ads

Penya
Penya is the currency of the popular MMORPG, Flyff. It can be used to purchase many things such as broomsticks and armor in the game.

Uses
Many things such as mentioned above- broomsticks, armor and more.

Controversy
The controversy of this online-game-currency is players trying to cheat and scam others out of this money in exchange for 'items' which they never give.

Links
www.flyff.gpotato.com 68.218.209.211 (talk) 04:19, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria (A7) and/or guidelines on notability. Please provide more information on why the subject is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. ArcAngel (talk) 04:37, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
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Robert Todd (pioneer)
Brigadier General Robert Todd (c. 1757-March 1814 or 1820) was an 18th century American pioneer, politician and soldier. As an officer in the Continental Army under General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, he took part in the Indian Wars and the western campaign during the American Revolutionary War.

Together with his brothers John Todd and General Levi Todd, he was involved in the early economic and political development of Kentucky prior to its admission into the United States in 1792.

Biography
Born in Pennsylvania as the second son of David Todd and Hannah Owen, he lived with relatives in Virginia as a child and attended the school of his uncle Parson John Todd. He studied law, reportedly in the office of General Andrew Lewis, before moving to Kentucky in the spring of 1776. He was one of the founders of Lexington, Kentucky and soon became involved in local politics and public affairs in the Lexington County-area. On December 29, he was seriously wounded defending McClelland's Station against the Mingo chieftain Pluggy. He continued to be involved in defending the Kentucky frontier participated in expeditions with General Charles Scott. After the death of his brother John at the Battle of Blue Licks, Robert Todd was elected to succeed his brother as trustee of Lexington on December 12, 1782. He was also assigned by the council to survey the town.

His reputation as an experienced and formidable indian fighter led him to join General Anthony Wayne who he served as a captain during the Illinois campaign. In 1787, acting on information by local Shawanese, he launched a preemptive strike against a Cherokee raiding party at Paint Lick killing three warriors and taking seven others prisoner. These men would escape the following day, however.

In his later years, Todd became a distinguished statesman in Kentucky serving as a delegate for Kentucky County to the Virginia legislature and at least one of the conventions to draft a state constitution. He was also one of the commissioners selected to divide the land in Clark's Grant among the veterans of the Battle of Kaskaskia and Vincennes and later one of the original trustees of Clarksville.

In 1792, following Kentucky's admission into the United States, Todd represented Fayette County in the first Kentucky senate, and served as a circuit judge for a number of years. He was again selected as one of three commissioners to choose a location of the new state capital. When the vote was tied between Frankfort and Lexington, he chose in favor of Frankfort as opposed to his hometown. As he possessed roughly 1,000 acres near the settlement, he did not want his vote "to be governed by selfish considerations".

By the time of the Northwest Indian War, he was part of a contingent of mounted volunteers from Lexington and Fayette County which included General James Wilkinson and Thomas Lewis. In June 1792, he was appointed a brigadier general under Wayne and participated in the Battle of Fallen Timbers commanding the 3rd Kentucky Mounted Volunteers. He kept a personal diary of his experiences in the indian campaigns, however, it remains unpublished. He died at the home of his son, Dr. John Todd, in Lexington in March 1814 or in 1820.

Of his six children, his youngest son Thomas J. Todd was a member of the Indiana General Assembly representing Marion County in the Senate from 1843 to 1846. His daughter Eliza was the wife of General William O. Butler.

MDEph
MDEph (4,6-methylenediephedrine), most commonly known today by the street names Semester Rush and Sparkle (often abbreviated to Spark), is a synthetic member of the phenethylamine class of psychostimulant designer drugs. MDEph also falls under many other broad categories of substances, including stimulants, depressants and amphetamines. The drug is well known for its tendency to produce feelings of overwhelming euphoria, diminished feelings of fear and anxiety, loss of appetite and insomnia

History
MDEph, still unpatented, is claimed having been synthesized for the first time in 1972 by an unknown Canadian university-grade chemist in order to find a way to overcome the wrong sides of methamphetamine. MDEph’s chemistry is in many ways very similar to Methamphetamine’s one, mainly because of the use of (1R,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol, synthetic Ephedrine, as a direct precusor. MDEph appeared sporadically as a street drug in the late 1980’s (back when it was known as a "student drug"). The drug became very popular with students in the East Coast as a good way to overcome sleep in order to study all night long. In the early 1990s in Canada, MDEph rose to prominence in various circumstances, mainly due to it’s long-term relaxing effets on anxiety and to it’s short-term powerful euphoria. Despite a peak of popularity in the early 1990’s, users of the drug have reduced by half in a 10-year period. Nowadays the drug can be found in major colleges or in large cities. Due to the wording of the U.K's existing Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971, MDEph was automatically classified as a Class A drug in 1977. The drug was first proposed for scheduling by the DEA in July 1984, and was classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States from May 31, 1985.

Effects
MDEph's unique effects can be attributed to an array of pharmacological changes which occur in the brain which are yet to be fully understood. One of the primary characteristics leading to production of effects is the drug's higher affinity for SERTs than serotonin itself. SERTs are the part of the serotonergic neuron which remove dopamine from the synapse to be recycled or stored for later use. Not only does MDEph inhibit the reuptake of dopamine into this pump, but it reverses the action of the transporter so that it begins pumping dopamine into the synapse from inside the cell. This usually causes the dopamine storage vesicles to be emptied after only a few hours with a standard recreational dose. In addition, MDEph has a partial affinity for blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine as well as an affinity for blocking that of serotonin. Effects Overwhelming Euphoria Ability to discuss anxiety-provoking topics with markedly-increased ease A strong sense of inner peace and self-acceptance Insightfulness and mental clarity Loss of appetite Insomnia Mild mydriasis (abnormal pupil dilation) Increased physical energy Decreased heart rate Increased blood pressure

Other effects may include: Mildly-blurred vision following primary subjective effects, gradually resolving over a period of up to several days, also known as "plurring"

Serious complications increasing in likelihood with dose, environmental severity, degree of physical activity, and/or certain drug interactions include: Dehydration (due to an intemperate environment and/or lack of hydration and/or rest from physical activity)

Production
Worldwide, almost all MDEph stocks are supplied via clandestine routes. The synthesis of MDEph is more complex than that of analogues such as methamphetamine, but still well within the grasp of a university-level chemistry student. Arguably the most difficult part of the synthesis is obtaining the necessary chemical precursors, as although all have legitimate uses outside of clandestine drug production, their distribution is now heavily monitored by government agencies like the DEA. MDEph habitually comes as a mate white powder, similar to cocaine, on it’s salt form (MDEph HCl) in one-quarter-of-a-gram bags. Average street-quality purity level from various samples was ranging from 35% to 86% pure MDEph Hydrocloride salt. The average purity is estimated at 68,55 milligrams per 100,00 milligrams. In case of an MDEph pill, his purity is considered slightly lower, frequently mixed with MDMA (and sold as the later) because of the impossibility to press pure MDEph without pill binders. Another practice is to place MDEph powder into virgin capsules prior ingesting. Powder sold as 'sparkle' very often contain amphetamine as well as MDMA, ammonium (baking soda) and more rarely, due to it’s expensive cost, cocaine. Users may also take amphetamines or cocaine during MDEph use to intensify the euphoria. Together makes both substances more neurotoxic than using them separately.

Polysubstance use
MDEph is known for being taken in conjunction with other recreational drugs. It is said to complement CNS stimulants such as cocaine - or, to a lesser extent, caffeine - and depressants such as Alcohol. The two drugs are not taken simultaneously, but rather one is taken as the peak effects of the first are diminishing. Because this practice has become more prevalent, most of the more common combinations have been given nicknames. Some examples include "semester exam", MDEph combined with cocaine, sniffed on a binge, also known as “sniff-and-learn”. Also to mention the “triple flipping”, which is MDEph mixed with cocaine following the ingestion of an amphetamine-like substance.

Battle of Sugar Point
The Battle of Sugar Point was fought on October 5, 1898 between the 3rd U.S. Infantry and members of the Bear Island Pilliger Indians in an attempt to apprehend Bugonaygeshig ("Old Bug" or "Hole-In-The-Day"), as the result of a dispute with local officials in Cass County, Minnesota.

Often referred to as "the last Indian Uprising in the United States", the engagement is also the first battle to be fought in the Northwest United States since the Winnebago War in 1827. It is subsequently the last major battle fought between Native Americans and the US Army.

The last Medal of Honor issued during the Indian Wars was awarded to Private Oscar Burkhard of the 3rd US Infantry Regiment.

Background
The main issue between the Pillagers and local offficials whose mistreatment of included the frequent arrests of tribal members on trivial charges and transporting them far from the Leech Lake Reservation for trial. This was often the case of members who had witnessed criminal acts.

During the 1880s, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began constructing dams in the Mississippi Headwaters. One of the dams was built on Leech Lake flooding parts of the Pillager reservation and causing the displacement of villages and ruining the soil. However, it was nearby logging companies which caused considerable resentment. Although the logging companies agreed to annuity payments in exchange for harvesting dead and fallen timber on the reservation, the value was often underestimated and payments were frequently late. Some loggers set fire to the foundation of living trees in order to pass off as dead timber.

A Pillager chieftain, Bugonaygeshig, began protested against business practices of lumber companies on the reservation in early-1898. However, when he and Sha-Boon-Day-Shkong traveled to the nearby Indian village of Onigum on September 15, they were seized by U.S. Deputy Marshal Robert Morrison and U.S. Indian Agent Arthur M. Tinker as witnesses to a bootlegging operation and were going to be transported to Duluth (Bugonaygeshig had previously testified at another bootlegging trial in the port city on Lake Superior five months earlier). As the two were being led away, several Pillagers attacked Morrison and Tinker allowing Bugonaygeshig and Sha-Boon-Day-Shkong to escape custody.

After his escape, authorities requested military assistance at Fort Snelling. A small force of 20 soldiers from the 3rd Regiment United States Infantry under Lieutenant Chauncey B. Humphreys were dispatched to Onigum. When his scouts reported Bugonaygeshig was refusing to surrender, Humphreys decided to send for additional reinforcements.

A larger force was soon raised and included 77 soldiers under Brevet Major Melville C. Wilkinson who was also accompanied by General John M. Bacon, acting commander of the Department of Dakota. Others who took part in the expedition included U.S. Marshals and deputy marshals, Indian Police officers and several reporters.

The small force had boarded two small steamships, the Flora and the Chief of Duluth, and sailed from Walker, Minnesota sailing across Leech Lake until they reached Sugar Point, a small peninsula located in the northest section of the lake.

The Battle
Soon after landing at the village, two of the Pillagers who were involved in Bugonaygeshig's escape were recognized and arrested. Bugonaygeshig himself was unable to be found, apparently having fled prior to their arrival. The soldiers made camp and began searching the surrounding woods and neighboring villages to arrest any Pillagers with outstanding warrants. None of those with arrest warrants were found and, in fact, there were few male Pillagers found to be present in the area.

The exact circumstances as to which side fired the first shot are disputed by both sides. General Bacon claimed that one of the soldier's rifles accidentally discharged causing the Pillagers hiding in the woods that they were being attacked while the Pillagers said the battle started when several soldiers were seen firing at an indian canoe carrying several women as their steamship approached Sugar Point.

Around 11:30 am, the Pillagers began firing upon the soldiers from the surrounding woods. The soldiers, many of them young recruits, dropped to the ground although their officers managed to get them to form a crescent-shaped skirmish line around Bugonaygeshig's cabin. During the first half-hour, a number of Wilkinson's men were killed or wounded. After Wilkinson himself was shot in the leg, he and some of the other wounded were moved to the lake side of the cabin which provided some protective cover.

Recovering behind the cabin for only a few moments, Major Wilkinson soon returned outside after his leg was bandaged and began encouraging the young troopers. He was soon shot again, this time through the abdomen, and was carried back into the cabin where he died an hour later. Another officer under his command, Sergeant William Butler, was also killed as he went off to inform General Bacon of Major Wilkinson's mortal wound. Gunfire from the Pillagers became less frequent after this point, however some would take occasional shots throughout the rest of the day.

That evening, an Indian agent was killed by a soldier who mistook him for one of the Pillagers and, the following morning, a soldier was killed while trying to dig out some potatoes from a garden patch. He was the last official casualty of the battle.

The Pillagers finally dispersed early the next day and the soldiers headed back to St. Paul. Although there was initial panic among the neighboring settlements of attacks against Deer River, Grand Rapids, Bemidji and Aitkin, public fears of another indian uprising subsided after newspapers began reporting the circumstances of the attack. The day after the battle, the Cass County Pioneer published a letter by the Pillagers which said the following,

Six soldiers, including Major Wilkinson, had been killed and ten others wounded. None of the civilians had been killed during the battle, with the execption of one Indian Police officer although four had been wounded. After his escape, Bugonaygeshig was never captured.

Aftermath
Several days following the incident, U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs William A. Jones negotiated with Pillager leaders in a council held at the Leech Lake Reservation from October 10-15. After the council concluded, Commissioner Jones criticized local and state officials of "the frequent arrests of Indians on trivial causes, often for no cause at all, taking them down to Duluth and Minneapolis for trial, two hundred miles away from their agency, and then turning them adrift without means to return home". Jones later said in a report to the Secretary of the Interior Cornelius Newton Bliss,

Xystridura
Xystridura is an extinct genus of trilobite from the middle Cambrian.

Paleocarpilius
Paleocarpilius is an extinct genus of crab from the Eocene to the Miocene.

Tealliocaris
Tealliocaris is an extinct genus of shrimp from the Carboniferous.

Portunites
Portunites is an extinct genus of crab from the Eocene.

Archeogeryon
Archeogeryon is an extinct genus of crab from the Miocene.

Lystromycter
Lystromycter is an extinct genus of worm lizard from the Miocene.

Diplocynodon
Diplocynodon is an extinct genus of alligator from the Eocene.

Cyrnaonyx
Cyrnaonyx is an extinct genus of mustelidae from the Pleistocene.

Titanohyrax
Titanohyrax is an extinct genus of hyrax from the Eocene.

Tessarolax
Tessarolax is an extinct genus of aporrhaidae from the Cretaceous.

Rimella fissurella
Rimella fissurella is an extinct genus of gastropod from the Paleocene to the Oligocene.

Ficopsis
Ficopsis is an extinct genus of gastropod from the Eocene.

Clavilithes
Clavilithes is an extinct genus of gastropod from the Paleocene.

Volutospina
Volutospina is an extinct genus of gastropod from the Cretaceous.

Eosurcula
Eosurcula is an extinct genus of gastropod from the Eocene.

Dimerocrinites
Dimerocrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Silurian.

Parisangulocrinus
Parisangulocrinus is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Silurian.

Cupressocrinites
Cupressocrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Devonian.

Cyathocrinites
Cyathocrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Silurian.

Sagenocrinites
Sagenocrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Silurian.

Actinocrinites
Actinocrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Carboniferous.

Saccocoma
Saccocoma is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Pterocoma
Pterocoma is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Pentacrinites
Pentacrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Apiocrinites
Apiocrinites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Marsupites
Marsupites is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Cretaceous.

Uintacrinus
Uintacrinus is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Cretaceous.

Ailsacrinus
Ailsacrinus is an extinct genus of echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Melonechinus
Melonechinus is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Carboniferous.

Plegiocidaris
Plegiocidaris is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Jurassic.

Archaeocidaris
Archaeocidaris is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Carboniferous.

Tylocidaris
Tylocidaris is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Cretaceous.

Temnocidaris
Temnocidaris is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Cretaceous.

Hemicidaris
Hemicidaris is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Cretaceous.

Phymosoma
Phymosoma is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Jurassic.

Coleopleurus
Coleopleurus is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Miocene.

Conulus
Conulus is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Miocene.

Plesiolampas
Plesiolampas is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Paleocene.

Hardouinia
Hardouinia is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Cretaceous.

Echinocorys
Echinocorys is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Cretaceous.

Linthia
Linthia is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Paleocene.

Micraster
Micraster is an extinct genus of echinoid from the Paleocene.

Palastericus
Palastericus is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Devonian.

Pentasteria
Pentasteria is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Stenaster
Stenaster is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Ordovician.

Tropidaster
Tropidaster is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Metopaster
Metopaster is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Cretaceous.

Stauranderaster
Stauranderaster is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Cretaceous.

Paleocoma
Paleocoma is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Geocoma
Geocoma is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Jurassic.

Pentremites
Pentremites is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Carboniferous.

Deltoblastus
Deltoblastus is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Permian.

Pleurocystites
Pleurocystites is an extinct genus of Echinoderm from the Ordovician.

Rhamphodopsis
Rhamphodopsis is an extinct genus ofplacoderm from the Devonian.

Freedom High School (Morganton, North Carolina)
Freedom High School is located at 511 Independence Blvd. in Morganton, North Carolina.

Gold Mercury International
Gold Mercury is an independent international think tank and award organisation founded in 1961. Based in London, Gold Mercury focuses its efforts in developing better global governance practices and methods and fostering ethical leadership at all levels of business, government and society.

The Gold Mercury Awards in different Global Governance areas have been given to world figures such as Soihiro Honda -founder of Honda, Masaro Ibuka - founder Sony Corporation, Jean Rey - first President of the European Comission, American Presidents Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, H.M. King Juan Carlos I of Spain, Soviet Leader Leonid Breznev and most recently to Kerry Kennedy - human rights activist and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf President of Liberia and first woman president of an African country.

Gold Mercury has been praised for its work during the 1980's for its efforts in developing and improving relationships between the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union during the cold war with a particular emphasys in promoting peace and cooperation between countries organising high level peace conferences and events.

Declined. We cannot accept copyrighted content taken from web sites or printed sources. Note that copyright protection is granted to all works automatically, whether it is asserted or not. Unless stated otherwise, assume that most content on the internet is copyrighted and not suitable for Wikipedia. Please write in your own words, and in continuous prose. ShoesssS Talk 18:47, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Links
Gold Mercury Official site

Petalodus
Petalodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Permian.

Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! ShoesssS Talk 18:57, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Acrodus
Acrodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Triassic.

Petalodus
Ptychodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Cretaceous.

Striatolamia
Striatolamia is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Paleocene.

Notorhynchus
Notorhynchus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Eocene.

Ischyrhiza
Ischyrhiza is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Cretaceous.

Sandalodus
Sandalodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Carboniferous.

Ceratodus tiguidensis
Ceratodus tiguidensis is an extinct genus of lungfish from the Triassic.

Birgeria
Birgeria is an extinct genus of bony fish from the middle Cambrian.

Dicellopyge
Dicellopyge is an extinct genus of fish from the Triassic.

Palaeoniscus
Palaeoniscus is an extinct genus of fish from the Permian.

Cleithrolepis
Cleithrolepis is an extinct genus of fish from the Triassic.

Pachycormus
Pachycormus is an extinct genus of fish from the Jurassic.

Phyllodus
Phyllodus is an extinct genus of fish from the Eocene.

Pachythrissops
Pachythrissops is an extinct genus of fish from the Jurassic.

Rhacolepis
Rhacolepis is an extinct genus of fish from the Cretaceous.

Centroberyx
Centroberyx is an extinct genus of fish from the Cretaceous.

Stereosternum
Stereosternum is an extinct genus of mesoaurid from the Permian.

Leiodon
Leiodon is an extinct genus of mosasaur from the Cretaceous.

Acroteuthis
Acroteuthis is an extinct genus of belemnite from the early Cretaceous.

Hibolithes
Hibolithes is an extinct genus of belemnite from the Cretaceous.

Neohibolithes
Neohibolithes is an extinct genus of belemnite from the Cretaceous.

Pachyteuthis
Pachyteuthis is an extinct genus of belemnite from the Jurassic.

Belemnitella
Belemnitella is an extinct genus of belemnite from the Cretaceous.

Cylindroteuthis
Cylindroteuthis is an extinct genus of belemnite from the Jurassic.

Belemnotheutis
Belemnotheutis is an extinct genus of belemnite from the Jurassic.

Platystrophia
platystrophia is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Dicoelosia
Dicoelosia is an extinct genus of brachiopod. $0


 * Fossils (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 80)

69.221.36.167 (talk) 20:04, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! paranomia (formerly tim.bounceback) a door? 22:59, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
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Pentamerus
Pentamerus is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Chometes
Chometes is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Cyclothyris
Cyclothyris is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Atrypa
Atrypa is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Actinoconchus
Actinoconchus is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Meristina
Meristina is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Spiriferina
Spiriferina is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Terebrirostra
Terebrirostra is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Terebratula
Terebratula is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Ancistrocrania
Ancistrocrania is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Discinisca
Discinisca is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Kingena
Kingena is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Dictyothyris
Dictyothyris is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Cardiola
Cardiola is an extinct genus of bivalve.

Gervillaria
Gervillaria is an extinct genus of bivalve.

Aviculopecten
Aviculopecten is an extinct genus of bivalve.

Volviceramus
Volviceramus is an extinct genus of bivalve.

Oxytoma
Oxytoma is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Neithea
Neithea is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Gryphaea arcuata
Gryphaea arcuata is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Carbonicola
Carbonicola is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Whiteavesia
Whiteavesia is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Potamomya
Potamomya is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Teredina
Teredina is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Hippurites
Hippurites is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Solenomorpha
Solenomorpha is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Wilkingia
Wilkingia is an extinct genus of brachiopod.

Blapsium
Blapsium is an extinct genus of beetle from the Jurassic.

Petosegay
Petosegay or Pet-O-Sega (Ottawa: Rising Sun, Rays of the Morning Dawn and Sunbeams of Promise) (1787-1873?) was a 19th century mixed-blood French-Ottawa merchant and fur trader. The son of Antoine Carre (Neaatooshing), he was born along the banks of the Kalamazoo River. According to popular lore his father held him up to the rising sun and said "his name shall be Petosegay and he shall become an important person".

He married the daughter of Pokozeegun, an Ottawa chieftain from the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and became a prominant merchant and landowner. He was later associated with the Presbyterian Church. In 1873, in a small city recently founded along the bay of Bear Creek, the local residents named the settlement Petoskey in his honor. The Petoskey stones, a type of fossil colonial coral dating back to the Devonian era, was later discovered on his land. The stones were later declared the official state stone by Governor George Romney who officially signed a bill to that effect on June 28, 1950. His granddaughter and last-living relative, Ella Jane Petoskey, was present at the signing.

His son, Ignatius Petoskey, later became a chieftain and head of the Bear River Ottawas.

West Norwalk
West Norwalk is a residential neighborhood in the city of Norwalk, Connecticut in the Connecticut Panhandle region of Fairfield County. It lies in the western central part of the city.

Geography
According to the West Norwalk Associaton West Norwalk is defined by New Canaan Avenue (Route 123) to the North, West Cedar Street to the South and the town lines of Darien and New Canaan to the West. The eastern boundary is an irregular line generally defined by North Taylor Avenue, Steppingstone Road and Maher Drive. However, some of the businesses along the Boston Post Road (Connecticut Avenue) south of Cedar Steet consider themselves to be in West Norwalk. Informally West Norwalk is bounded to the South by Rowayton, to the west by Darien, to the northwest by New Canaan, to the north by Silvermine, and to the east by the Broad River neighborhood of Norwalk. The Five Mile River forms the boundary between West Norwalk and the town of Darien. Within West Norwalk along the Five Mile River lie Millard and Florsheim ponds and is the home to a great deal of wildlife. There has been flooding along the River recently with appeals to government agencies to help solve the problems that homeowners have faced.

Buildings and landmarks
According to the Norwalk portion of the "Historic Resources Inventory" (HRI) there are ten existing houses that were built between 1740 and 1800 within West Norwalk. The HRI also lists sixteen existing houses built between 1801 and 1850 and another eight built in the last half of the 19th century. In addition to historic houses, West Norwalk has miles of historic stone walls.

One of the notable landmarks in the neighborhood is the chapel which is now also referred to as "the meeting house". It is at 186 West Norwalk Road and was built in 1868. It is used nowadays for community activities such as civic group meetings. There is a Northern Arborvitae along West Norwalk Road that has attained a 138 point score on the State of Connecticut Notable Trees Project scale

Oak Hills Park Golf Course is an 18 hole municipal golf course in the neighborhood that is open to the public. The course was designed by Alfred Tull and opened in 1969 and is located at 165 Fillow Street. The Oak Hills Tennis Center with 8 outdoor courts is located next to the golf course. The Dolce International Center (on the grounds of a former monastary features several hiking and jogging trails..

The West Norwalk Association was incorporated in 1947. The association posts signs at the borders of the neighborhood and conducts regularly scheduled meetings in the meeting house for discussion of community concerns.

Education
Within West Norwalk are the Fox Run Elementary School, Ponus Ridge Middle School, and the Norwalk Community College Campus. The United Congregational Church at 275 Richards Avenue runs a nursury school for pre school aged children.

Theodor Koch
Theodor Koch is a German weapons manufacturer and the co-founder of Heckler & Koch along with Edmund Heckler.