Wikipedia:Copyright violations

One of the most important aspects of Wikipedia is that its text (not media, but that will be discussed shortly) may be freely redistributed, reused and built upon by anyone, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA) and, except where otherwise noted, the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Contributors agree to release their original content under both licenses when they submit it, and material from public domain sources or other compatibly licensed sources may also be used in accordance with the copyright policy, provided correct attribution is given.

However, copying material without the permission of the copyright holder from sources that are not public domain or compatibly licensed (unless it's a brief quotation used in accordance with Wikipedia's non-free content policy and guideline) is likely to be a copyright violation. Even inserting text copied with some changes can be a copyright violation if there is substantial linguistic similarity in creative language or sentence structure; this is known as close paraphrasing, which can also raise concerns about plagiarism. Such situations should be treated seriously, as copyright violations not only harm Wikipedia's redistributability, but also create legal issues.

The situation for images and other media is slightly different, as a wider variety of licenses is accepted. But, in short, media which is not available under a suitable free license and which does not meet the non-free content criteria, should be assumed to be unacceptable. See Image use policy and Non-free content for details of this and Guide to image deletion for some suggested steps for handling problems with images or other files.

Copyright-infringing material should also not be linked to.

Dealing with copyright violations
Handling of suspected violations of copyright policy depends on the particulars of a given case.

Other websites copying Wikipedia
If you suspect a copyright violation, but are uncertain if the content is copyrighted or whether the external site is copying from Wikipedia, you should at least bring up the issue on that page's discussion page, if it is active. In that case, please tag the page, unless your concerns are swiftly resolved. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text. You may also make a note of your concerns at Copyright problems.

Some cases will be false alarms. For example, text that can be found elsewhere on the Web that was in fact copied from Wikipedia in the first place is not a copyright violation – at least not on Wikipedia's part. In these cases, it is a good idea to make a note of the situation on the discussion page.

Contributor is copyright holder
Also, if the contributor is the copyright holder of the text, even if it is published elsewhere under different terms, they have the right to post it here under CC BY-SA and GFDL without violating copyright, so long as they provide a suitable release to the world under Wikipedia's licenses or a free license that is compatible with them. (Text may, however, still be unsuitable for Wikipedia for another reason.) A copyright holder cannot both retain non-free copyright elsewhere over their content, and license it for one-time use here with their permission, because Wikipedia's licensing scheme requires that its readers and end users be able to reuse the content under the free license notice that is posted at the bottom of every page. The procedures for donation of non-free copyrighted material by its release is described at Donating copyrighted materials. Until the donation process is complete the article should be replaced with. Similarly, if they can verify compatible license through a notice at the external site or can prove that the content is public domain, this is not a copyright violation. A note explaining the situation should be made on the talk page (including, if there is a release, the URL of where the release can be found; permission conveyed through e-mail must be confirmed through the procedure at Requesting copyright permission) and proper attribution given on the article's face. See guidance on attribution for sources under copyleft or released into public domain.

Parts of article violate copyright
If you have strong reason to suspect a violation of copyright policy and some, but not all, of the content of a page appears to be a copyright infringement, then the infringing content should be removed with the source URL in the edit summary if possible. Revision deletion should then be requested by placing  on the article page or directly contacting an administrator on their talk page. (Correct usage of the template is explained at Template:Copyvio-revdel.) Administrators may at their discretion unilaterally revision delete copyrighted content. A note explaining the removal may also be made on the discussion page, along with the original source, if known. has been created for this. If the copyright holder's permission is later obtained, the text may be restored.

All of article violates copyright
If all of the content of a page appears to be a copyright infringement or removing the problem text is not an option because it would render the article unreadable, check the page history; if an older non-infringing version of the page exists, you should revert the page to that version. A revert that only removes infringing material does not violate the three-revert rule.

If there is no such older version, you may be able to re-write the page from scratch, but failing that, the page will normally need to be deleted. In limited circumstances, administrators may delete obvious copyright violations on sight; see the relevant section of the speedy deletion policy. Contributors may list pages that meet these conditions for deletion using the db-copyvio template.

If the criteria for speedy deletion do not apply, and you believe that there are reasons that the text should be rewritten instead of removed, you should blank the article or the appropriate section with the template, and list the page at Copyright problems; see instructions. This will give interested contributors a week to verify permission for the text or propose a rewrite. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement and no usable rewrite is proposed, it may be deleted by any administrator or reduced to a non-infringing stub.

Addressing contributors
If you can identify the contributor of the content, please notify them of Wikipedia's Wikimedia:Terms of Use and copyright policies. When an article has been tagged for speedy deletion or marked for copyright investigation, the tag will display a template that can be used for this purpose. You can also use the templates posted at Template index/User talk namespace.

If a contributor has already been clearly warned of copyright infringement but carried on, you may want to seek advice from an administrator familiar with copyright policies or report it for administrator attention at the administrators' incidents noticeboard. You may also want to open a request at Contributor copyright investigations.

Contributors who repeatedly post copyrighted material despite appropriate warning may be blocked from editing by any administrator to prevent further problems. Contributors who have extensively violated copyright policy by uploading many copyrighted files or placing copyrighted text into numerous articles may be blocked without warning for the protection of the project. These blocks are usually indefinite, pending satisfactory assurances that infringement will not continue. In extreme cases administrators may impose conditions before unblocking, such as helping with cleanup by disclosing the sources they used.

Presumptive deletion
If contributors have been shown to have a history of extensive copyright violation, it may be assumed that all of their major contributions are likely to be copyright violations, and they may be removed indiscriminately. This is especially the case for contributors who have active copyright investigation cases.

Information for copyright owners
If you are a copyright owner or represent a copyright owner, and you believe that Wikipedia is infringing your copyright, we can assist you best via e-mail. You may contact with an informal request; please cite the exact URL (the "address" or "location" of the page as shown by your web browser, beginning with https://en.wikipedia.org/...), and provide enough information to substantiate your claim of copyright ownership. Be aware that correspondence is answered by a small number of volunteers, and an immediate reply may not be possible.

If you prefer to use the process of a formal OCILLA request, you should send it to the Wikimedia Foundation's designated agent.

If you are a copyright owner who would like to license their content for reuse, please see Donating copyrighted materials.

Policies, guidelines and information pages

 * Copy-paste: an information page with a simple explanation of Wikipedia's various copyright policies
 * Cv101: a simple guide to addressing copyright problems
 * Copyrights: official copyright policy
 * FAQ/Copyright: FAQ explaining various aspects of copyright policy
 * Non-free content: policy and guideline on including non-free content
 * Public domain: guideline on identifying public domain content
 * Mirrors and forks: information on what to do if another source is misusing Wikipedia's content
 * Copying within Wikipedia: guideline on copying content from one Wikipedia page to another
 * Plagiarism: guideline on plagiarism
 * Guide to image deletion: an overview of various processes for handling problem files
 * Donating copyrighted materials: information on how to donate copyrighted materials you own
 * Requesting copyright permission: information on how to request permission from copyright holders

Noticeboards

 * Copyright problems: the board for reporting problem articles
 * Contributor copyright investigations: the board for requesting investigation of serial infringers
 * Files for discussion: the board for reviewing usage of non-free files and their copyright status
 * External links/Noticeboard: the board for reviewing the appropriateness of external links
 * Media copyright questions: the board for asking questions about Wikipedia's media copyright guidelines and policies

Other resources

 * WikiProject Copyright Cleanup: a Wikipedia project for copyright cleanup
 * Category:Wikipedia administrators willing to investigate copyright matters: a list of administrators who have self-identified as being willing to help users with copyright concerns.
 * Signpost dispatch on plagiarism
 * Plagiarism of Wikipedia and Plagiarism from Wikipedia
 * CopyPatrol – A tool which analyses every new edit for copyright violation and shows an easy comparison view for cross-checking the copyright violation.
 * Earwig's Copyvio Detector – searches the web for copyvio on the page using Google and the links present on the page.
 * User:Enterprisey/cv-revdel – user script to fill out Template:Copyvio-revdel with source URL and edits to be revision deleted.
 * Deputy/Infringement Assistant – to help with filing copyright problems entries.

Templates

 * backwardscopy: template used on talk page to provide notice of reverse copying
 * copyvio: replaces the page with a copyright violation banner
 * db-copyvio: tags a copyright violation page for speedy deletion
 * copy-paste: adds notice to a page that the contents may be a copyright violation
 * copyvioel: places a banner that the page may contain external links to copyright violations
 * copyvio link: inline citation to tag a specific external link which may go to a copyright violation
 * Copyright violation: inline citation to tag a specific sentence that may contain a copyright violation
 * cclean: template used on talk page to provide notice of removed copyrighted content
 * copyvio-revdel: template used on article page to request Revision deletion of portions of an article's history (see template documentation)
 * Uw-copyright: template used on contributor talk page to alert to removal (not tagged deletion) of copyrighted text
 * Uw-copyright-new: welcome message with detailed copyright information for inexperienced contributors of copyrighted text
 * Uw-copying: template used on contributor talk page to alert to process for copying content from one Wikipedia article to another
 * dual: a template used on an article's face to note the import of text under CC BY-SA and GFDL
 * evidence should be documented at the talk page of the article, unless the license is clear at the source
 * CCBYSASource: a template used on an article's face to note the import of text under CC BY-SA only
 * evidence should be documented at the talk page of the article, unless the license is clear at the source