Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/1838 Jesuit slave sale/archive1

1838 Jesuit slave sale

 * Nominator(s):  Ergo Sum  05:06, 15 February 2022 (UTC)

This article has been a long time in the making and is long overdue. It is about a fascinating historical event that has become the subject of much inquiry in recent years. I believe the article is now at featured quality and suitable for submission.  Ergo Sum  05:06, 15 February 2022 (UTC)

Image review

 * The switcher does not appear to be tab-accessible - suggest moving this into the body as a more standard multi-image
 * What do you mean by tab-accessible?  Ergo Sum  01:26, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I was referring to but I think I was mistaken on this point - although I still think it makes sense to present this in a multi-image inline, it's less pressing. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:05, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I tried to think of the best way to present the images, but I since the images really don't do much as thumbnails (you can't really read the text without clicking on and enlarging the images), I think having all the images presented at once might not be terribly useful for a reader.  Ergo Sum  02:34, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Why then is it useful in the present form? All that changes is you need more clicks and the rest of the content gets pushed down. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:17, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I think it's the same logic of having an image of the first page of the Constitution of the United States in its infobox. It gives readers a visual idea of what kind of document represents the ideas discussed in the article, e.g. on parchment, handwritten, its formality, etc. And, if readers are so inclined, they can flip through the whole document, especially to the signature pages and list of slaves, which are of interest.  Ergo Sum  12:27, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Looks pretty bad on my screen too, and it appears the long row of pages is pushing other images down, so that the two photos of building are now in the reference section, with references superimposed over them. I would also suggest a better solution would be some sort of gallery or multiple image template. FunkMonk (talk) 17:49, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Having just the first page, as in the constitution article, would also work. Nikkimaria (talk) 01:36, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I've done a bit of reorganizing. What do you think now?  Ergo Sum  02:11, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Definitely better. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:25, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Yep! FunkMonk (talk) 08:47, 18 February 2022 (UTC)


 * Don't use fixed px size
 * For some reason, it seems I can't use an upright scaling factor. It has no effect on the image's size.  Ergo Sum  01:41, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It does so long as your default is set to something other than that. Perhaps that is an issue with the switcher template? Nikkimaria (talk) 02:05, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I think I found a solution. Added frameless, which allows an upright scaling factor to be added and have effect, but it seems it's not really necessary anyway.  Ergo Sum  02:38, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * When and where were the articles of agreement first published?
 * Corrected the license.  Ergo Sum  01:38, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * File:Mulledy_Hall_1898.jpg: when and where was this first published? Nikkimaria (talk) 13:10, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Corrected the license.  Ergo Sum  01:26, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * For both this and the above, what checks were made to determine these were unpublished? Nikkimaria (talk) 02:05, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Did a reverse Google Image search, checked the image links in Internet Archive, and checked the major books about Georgetown University history.  Ergo Sum  02:32, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi, is this one satisfactory? Thanks. Gog the Mild (talk) 16:43, 6 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes. Nikkimaria (talk) 01:51, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

Comments by ChrisTheDude

 * Making a start on this now but probably won't make it all the way through as I only have 15 minutes of my lunch break left :-)
 * "Roothaan removed Mulledy as provincial" - feels like there's a word missing there, unless his title was simply "provincial".....?
 * Provincial is a common shorthand for provincial superior that the Jesuits use. I've added the full name of the position for clarity.  Ergo Sum  01:11, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I would merge the last two paragraphs of the lead as they are both very short
 * Done.  Ergo Sum  01:21, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * That's all I got as far as the end of the "background" section. More later.......... -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 13:39, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
 * More comments
 * "It provided that 51 slaves would be sent to Alexandria, Virginia, immediately, where they were then shipped to Louisiana" => "It provided that 51 slaves would be sent to Alexandria, Virginia, immediately, where they would then be shipped to Louisiana"
 * Done.  Ergo Sum  01:12, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * "Johnson allowed these slaves to remain in Maryland because he intended return" => "Johnson allowed these slaves to remain in Maryland because he intended to return"
 * Fixed.  Ergo Sum  01:13, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * "Soon after the sale, Rooathaan decided that Mulledy should removed" => "Soon after the sale, Rooathaan decided that Mulledy should be removed"
 * Fixed.  Ergo Sum  01:13, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * "published an article that brought the history of the Jesuits' and university's relationship with slavery came to national attention" => "published an article that brought the history of the Jesuits' and university's relationship with slavery to national attention"
 * Fixed.  Ergo Sum  01:14, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * "On April 18, 2017, the DeGioia" => "On April 18, 2017, DeGioia"
 * Fixed.  Ergo Sum  01:14, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * "apologized on behalf of their respective institutions institutions" - duplicated word
 * Fixed.  Ergo Sum  01:20, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * That's what I got. An interesting read! -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 21:32, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your review, . Glad you found it interesting.  Ergo Sum  01:21, 16 February 2022 (UTC)


 * Support -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 08:35, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

Comments from Mike Christie
-- Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 02:53, 28 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I would give Mulledy's full name in the lead, and link his article from there.
 * Done.  Ergo Sum  16:14, 6 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "on the Lord Baltimore, Cecil Calvert's, voyage" and "from the Lord Baltimore in 1636": can we make this just "on Lord Baltimore's voyage" and "from Lord Baltimore in 1636"? I don't think we need the "the", and his name is available via the link if a reader is interested.
 * Done.  Ergo Sum  02:33, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "Due to these extensive landholdings, the Catholic superiors at the Propaganda Fide in Rome had come to view the American Jesuits negatively for living opulently like manorial lords." Two -ly words near each other is unharmonious, but another issue is that the reader takes this at face value, but finds out in the next sentence that it is a mistaken view.  And I think we could lose "like manorial lords" or "opulently"; they mean more or less the same thing.  Can we use a verb like "assumed" or find another way to warn the reader what's coming?
 * I've tweaked the sentence slightly to make it flow better. I'd be hesitant to rephrase because I think it might just become wordier at the cost of clarity. I also think opulence and manorial lords are both necessary because they communicate different things; simply saying like a manorial lord could mean a variety of things and saying only opulently does not communicate exactly the way they were viewed. I'm not really sure a preview is necessary since the contradiction occurs in the very next sentence, which begins with a transition.  Ergo Sum  02:38, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "as a canonical visitor in 1820": I think most readers won't realize that this "visitor" is there to find and correct abuses; a couple of words of clarification would be good.
 * Added a brief word of explanation.  Ergo Sum  02:42, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "The condition of slaves on the plantations varied over time, as did the condition of the Jesuits living with them. While Kenney found the slaves facing arbitrary discipline, a meager diet, pastoral neglect, and engaging in vice, by the 1830s, their physical and religious conditions had improved considerably." Does the first sentence give us any information not in the second sentence?  And instead of "While" for the second sentence the date would help the reader, since we are comparing decades.  How about tweaking the sentence order here to mention Kenney's visit at the end, instead of in the middle?  That naturally gives us the 1820 date for comparison with the 1830s.
 * On second look, I think it makes sense to split this into two sentences. 02:45, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "The Maryland Jesuits, having been elevated from a mission to the status of province in 1833": "province" clearly has some specific meaning in the Society of Jesus; is there a suitable link?
 * Linked.  Ergo Sum  02:47, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "Not all of the 272 slaves intended to be sold to Louisiana met that fate. In total, only 206 are known to have been transported to Louisiana, while 91 remained in Maryland." Reading the rest of the paragraph I see how the arithmetic works, but can we make it clearer on first reading that 91 + 206 is not intended to equal 272?  Perhaps delay giving the number 91 until after the explanation.  I see there's a footnote, but something inline would be better.
 * Added a bit of explanation to the sentence.  Ergo Sum  02:58, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "There was outcry from numerous Maryland Jesuits": this sounds wrong to my ear. I assume you're avoiding "an outcry" because it's multiple Jesuits?  I think that would be better, but if you don't like that I think another word or a rephrase is needed.  Also, the second clause as structured ought to be referring to the subject of the first clause, but here that's "outcry".  How about "Numerous Maryland Jesuits considered the sale to be immoral and were outraged, and many of them wrote..."?  Or ""Numerous Maryland Jesuits were outraged by the sale, which they considered to be immoral, and many of them wrote..."?
 * Went with your phrasing.  Ergo Sum  02:50, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "However, the remaining $90,000 did go to funding Jesuit formation": how can this be squared with the statement in the next paragraph that the Jesuits never received the full balance of the sale money?
 * That was sloppy math on my part. I've changed it to just the remainder, since it is unclear/unknown how much was actually received.  Ergo Sum  02:52, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Johnson's sale of his slaves in 1844 is mentioned twice, once in the financial outcome section and once in the subsequent fate section. I think if you combine these sections under a title such as "Outcome" you could reorganize this a little and avoid the duplication.
 * I think it's worth keeping them separate, since they deal with quite different subjects: one is finances and the other is the "human factor." It's really only a minimal duplication, as it stands.  Ergo Sum  02:53, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * OK. I tweaked the phrasing so the reader is aware we're referring to something that has already been referred to. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 10:21, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * "While the 1838 slave sale gave rise to scandal at the time, the event largely faded out of the public awareness over time." Can we avoid "...at the time...over time"?
 * Rephrased.  Ergo Sum  02:54, 9 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your review, . Sorry for the delay.  Ergo Sum  02:58, 9 March 2022 (UTC)

Support. My issues have been addressed. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 10:21, 9 March 2022 (UTC)

Source review
Coming up. JBchrch  talk  04:19, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The correct hyperlink for ref 44 has changed, it's now https://gu272.americanancestors.org/historical-timeline. JBchrch   talk  14:02, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Updated.  Ergo Sum  22:11, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I have the same problem for ref 29, but maybe it's me: is it possible that the hyperlink has changed? JBchrch   talk  14:07, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Hmm, it does seem that that website has moved around some of its pages, changing their addresses. The old page redirects to the homepage and this other page, which appears to be a cached version of the old page, doesn't seem to be working at the moment. It might start working in the future, but since I can't find another location of the old page right now, I'm going to set the archive link as the active one.  Ergo Sum  22:15, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that works. JBchrch   talk  23:53, 23 March 2022 (UTC)


 * Is this sourced?
 * Not really. I meant it as a general sentence to introduce the rest of the section, which would otherwise seem a bit disjointed. I suppose I could trim it a bit to minimize any perception of OR. What do you think?  Ergo Sum  22:54, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I see. To me, the paragraph seems legible if we just drop the whole thing altogether, but I don't want to encroach on your style too much. So yes, if you could trim it a little bit, that would be great. For instance, if we just keep, that is IMO sufficient. JBchrch   talk  23:53, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I think that works. Trimmed it.  Ergo Sum  00:29, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Aren't there any chapters from Facing Georgetown's History: A Reader on Slavery, Memory, and Reconciliation that would be worth citing in the article? JBchrch   talk  14:18, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I only have access to the preview through Google Books. But, from the table of contents, it seems that everything that is encyclopedic (i.e. not a primary source or purely opinion) has already been cited. There isn't anything that strikes me as lacking.  Ergo Sum  22:19, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * OK thanks will AGF on this one. JBchrch   talk  23:53, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your review, .  Ergo Sum  22:55, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks . There's only one point outstanding above, and no other problems, so I will move to the spot checks. I will do about 10-15. JBchrch   talk  23:53, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Spot checks


 * 2 OK
 * 5a OK
 * 8a OK
 * 18b OK
 * 24f Does the source say that it was contrary to Roothan’s orders? 90k out of the 115k were still allocated to training.
 * I've modified the citation to include p. 46, which explains that Roothaan said all the money had to go to Jesuit training.  Ergo Sum  02:56, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I had seen that part, but does it say that all the money had to go to training and that the actions were contrary to Roothan's order? I have not read Cooran's primary source but perhaps it was acceptable under his orders ("that the money be invested for the support of Jesuits in training") that 20% of it go to repay some debts? JBchrch   talk  03:54, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The source does not explicitly say that his order said all of the money should go to training. It just simply says that the money should go to training, which in my mind implies all.  Ergo Sum  13:15, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * In that case, would you be willing to change the "contrary to"? JBchrch   talk  15:05, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure it would change the sentence much. Even removing that, the sentence would still indicate that the money was spent against Roothaan's order.  Ergo Sum  01:14, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, do you have a proposition about how you could tweak the wording to match the source more closely? JBchrch   talk  01:28, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't really see an issue with how it is phrased now. I think it accurately reflects the text. The text (pp. 46-47) says that Roothaan said the money had to go to Jesuit training and that part of it didn't go to that, so I think it's not a stretch to say that that was contrary to his order.  Ergo Sum  02:00, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm reading that Roothaan said that the proceeds needed to go to training, and the money was then allocated at 80% to training and at 20% to repay some debts. The concept that the actions were in contradiction to Roothaan's instruction is not evident from the sourcing. I don't intend to fail this source review for this point, so I'll let you decide what you want to do. JBchrch   talk  02:36, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, I've rephrased that sentence to adhere as closely as possible to the source.  Ergo Sum  17:19, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

JBchrch  talk  02:19, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * 26 OK. I’m reading "the sale got the Jesuits out of an unprofitable business and raised much-needed capital for their operations". Is this covered somewhere in the article?
 * The unprofitable business was the plantations and, by extension, slavery itself. The floundering finances of the plantations are discussed in the Background section.  Ergo Sum  02:45, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * 👍 JBchrch   talk  03:45, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * 27d OK
 * 31 OK
 * 47 OK
 * 48 OK
 * 51c OK
 * 67 OK
 * 70 OK

https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-georgetown-jesuits-and-slavery-descendants-bid-for-racial-healing-sours-over-reparations-11648232089. Interesting article from today. Maybe there's something useful in there. JBchrch  talk  15:05, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I've added a few points to the article from this WSJ article.  Ergo Sum  17:17, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, that's fine. Source review is a pass. JBchrch   talk  17:21, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

HF - support
Seeing as this needs another review, I'll take a look at this. Hog Farm Talk 01:36, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "The Ark and The Dove on Lord Baltimore's, voyage to settle Maryland in 1634" - I don't believe the comma belongs there
 * Quite right.  Ergo Sum  14:05, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I think it should be directly glossed somewhere the Society of Jesus = Jesuit as it's not a necessarily obvious connection (I don't think I learned this until college)
 * Added a brief explanation at the outset of the first section.  Ergo Sum  14:06, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Since they owned land in both MD and PA, wouldn't it be significant to mention that slavery was allowed in MD but not in PA by the 1800s?
 * Maybe it's just me, but it strikes me as just a bit too far outside the scope of the article's narrative, since PA is really only mentioned in passing.  Ergo Sum  14:18, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "three-week voyage aboard the Katherine Jackson" - is the type of ship known? Presumably a steamer?
 * Everything I can find just refers to it as the "Ship Katherine Jackson."  Ergo Sum  14:08, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * So in August 1839, McSherry is still in a position to get Mulledy to resign, but he's described as being in a dying state back in 1837?
 * Yes, the William McSherry article explains how even though he was dying, he was given substantial responsibilities, over his protests.  Ergo Sum  14:09, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * " This coincided with a protest by a group of students the day before" - for or against the name change?
 * Clarified.  Ergo Sum  14:12, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "This admissions preference has been described by historian Craig Steven Wilder as the most significant measure taken by a university to account for its historical relationship with slavery" - not sure this is the best way to summarize the source. We've got "go beyond any initiatives enacted by a university in the past 10 years" but our article doesn't time-limit it, and "“It goes farther than just about any institution,” he said. “I think it’s to Georgetown’s credit. It’s taking steps that a lot of universities have been reluctant to take.”" but our article seems to be phrased a bit stronger than the second one as well
 * Perhaps a simple "recently" will do. How does it read now?  Ergo Sum  14:17, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Should the Facing Georgetown's History source in the further reading be used?
 * I discussed this above. The book is a compilation of other works. Those that are relevant and encyclopedic have already been cited directly.  Ergo Sum  14:14, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

I think that's it from me. Hog Farm Talk 03:05, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the review, .  Ergo Sum  14:18, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

Gog the Mild (talk) 16:45, 9 April 2022 (UTC)