Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources/QGIS/Get ready



QGis (full name: Quantum GIS) is a GPL license, cross-platform (Windows, Linux, Mac), and rather friendly cartographic software application. It is a Geographic Information System (GIS) program you can use to create, view, and analyze maps. In a nutshell, a GIS associates with each geographic coordinate (dot) on Earth a specific value from some survey. The best example of this is altitude: a topographic map, like the ones you see on the right, can be created from a GIS file in which each pixel represents not only a geographic coordinate, but also information about its altitude. Reversely, objects can be placed on a map and associated with specific coordinates; this is commonly used for features such as roads, bodies of water, state or province borders, urban areas, etc. As a result, these features are georeferenced on separate layers and their shape and location match their actual appearance on the surface of the Earth.

This approach radically changes the process of making maps. Formerly, the mapmaker or graphist had to personally draw each layer of a map, then combine them into an image. The work's reliability and precision were limited by the user's resources and knowledge. Now, the mapmaker can collect precise GIS data from reliable sources and simply load them into QGis. Objects will be automatically placed in their exact coordinates, allowing the user to apply custom styles and output an accurate basemap, which may be the end product, or a background to host additional custom layers (icons, labels, a legend, etc.). For Wikipedia, the advantages of GIS maps are precision, reliability, consistency, and an upgrade in visual elegance of the final images. Using QGis will be mainly helpful in generating topographic backgrounds (png, svg), shaded reliefs (png), and administrative regions or borders (png, svg), and applying various styles to them.

While GRASS GIS still seems to be the most common GIS software, it has a primarily command-line interface and can be difficult to learn and operate. Therefore, beginners will prefer QGis, which is quite powerful and user-friendly. It integrates GRASS GIS and GDAL, provides an easier to use interface for GRASS GIS, and gives the user an opportunity to improve his or her GIS mapmaking skills.

This tutorial series will teach you how to use QGis to generate reliable maps for Wikipedia. Accordingly, it is Wikipedia-centered and focuses on outputting general public encyclopedic maps while following the Wikipedia map conventions.

If you would like a more comprehensive overview of QGis and its functions, you can read the official User Guide, available in several languages.

=Step 0.1: Get the tools=

Install QGis
Find your operating system from the list below and follow the link to the appropriate installer. Please don't install the sample data sets (North Carolina, etc.); you will be downloading more complete data later.


 * Windows (Standalone Installer) (fr, de) – You can also watch a video demonstrating the installation process, but be advised that it is out of date and describes currently inaccurate file sizes and download times.
 * Linux (fr, de), for Ubuntu:
 * sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable    #For versions >1.7.0
 * sudo apt-get update
 * sudo apt-get install qgis


 * MacOS X (FrameWorks) (fr, de)

While QGis will allow you to open many GIS files, we are mainly concerned with .tiff (raster) and .shp (vector) files.

Create some helpful folders
On your desktop, or some other suitable place, create the following folders:

=Step 0.2: Download the GIS data=


 * ✅— section updated (2012/02)

There are 2 kinds of data: raster GIS files — surfaces with limited precision represented by dots (pixels) — most of time topographic data; and vector GIS files — dots, lines and polygons. Below are both the biggest families, and some links to download the files needed for this tutorial.

Other GIS data
There are vatious other GIS layers available online. By example, Naturalearthdata.com (public domain) is a collection of easily usable GIS data with the following categories: To see our selection, go to the /Gis_sources_and_palettes subpage.
 * Provinces:
 * Others existing
 * Others existing
 * cultural—human and administrative (areas or borders) for countries (L-0) and smaller administrative divisions (L-1, L-2, L-3), as well as cities and urban areas
 * physical—coastlines, rivers, lakes, bathymetry, and geographic lines
 * raster backgrounds—Natural Earth 2 (topographic), ocean bottom, shaded relief grey

=Step 0.3: Load a GIS file as a layer= Loading a GIS file adds the data into your project as a layer. For our purposes, we care about vector layers and raster layers. There are three ways you can add layers into your project: using the menu, using the keyboard shortcuts, or using the toolbar icons.


 * Using the menu: go to Layer > Add Vector Layer... or Layer > Add Raster Layer..., depending on which you would like to add, and Layer > Remove Layer(s) to delete.
 * Using the shortcuts: Ctrl + Shift + V (Cmd + Shift + V on Mac) to add a vector layer or Ctrl + Shift + R (Cmd + Shift + R) to add a raster layer, and Ctrl + D (Cmd + D) to remove layer(s).
 * Using the toolbar: Simply click the icon corresponding to the layer type you want to add.

You can also remove a layer by selecting it in the Layers window, right clicking on it, and clicking on Remove.

Since the ETOPO1 data is a raster file, go ahead and add it to your project using whichever Add Raster Layer method you prefer.

=Links=

ru:Википедия:Проект:Картография/Помощь/Векторная физическая карта fr:Wikipédia:Atelier_graphique/Didacticiels_cartographiques/Didacticiel_de_création_de_carte_avec_QGIS