Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/B4

1501 – 1520

 * 1) Broker (JE | ) One who acts as middleman between seller and buyer, or makes it his business to bring buyer and seller together; also one...
 * 2) Jew Brokers (JE | ) A term used to indicate the Jewish merchants who had the right of trading at the Royal Exchange, London. The word "brokers"...
 * 3) Bromberg (JE | ) -- See P467: Posen
 * 4) Brooch (JE | ) A term which occurs in I. Mace. x. 89, xi. 58, xiv. 44, as the translation of the Greek &#960;&#8057;&#961;&#960;&#951;; Latin...
 * 5) Brooklyn (JE | ) -- See N248: New York
 * 6) Brother (JE | ) Son of the same father and mother (or of either), but principally son of the same father and mother (see Gen. xlii. 3, 4,...
 * 7) Brotherhoods (JE | ) -- See F355: Fraternities
 * 8) Brother-in-law (JE | ) -- See L293: Levirate
 * 9) Brotherly Love (JE | ) the love for one&#39;s fellow-man as a brother. The expression is taken from the Greek word &#934;&#953;&#955;&#945;&#948...
 * 10) Richard Brothers (JE | ) English visionary and founder of Anglo Israelism; born Dec. 25, 1757, at Placentia, Newfoundland; died at London Jan. 25,...
 * 11) Hugh Broughton (JE | ) English Christian divine and rabbinical scholar; born 1549 at Oldbury, Shropshire; died at Tottenham, near London, Aug. 4...
 * 12) Brovary (JE | ) Small town in the government of Chernigov, Russia. In 1898 it had 1,344 Jewish inhabitants in a population of 5,166. Most...
 * 13) Saul Brown (JE | ) -- See under N248: New York
 * 14) William Brown JE (JE | ) Scottish clergyman; born 1766; died 1835; for forty-three years minister of Eskdalemuir, Scotland. He is the author of "Antiquities...
 * 15) Robert Browning (JE | ) English poet; born in Clerkenwell, London, 1812; died at Venice Dec. 12, 1889. From his somewhat Jewish appearance, knowledge...
 * 16) Isaac Broyd& JE (JE | ) Russian Orientalist; born at Porozowo, government of Grodno, Russia, Feb. 23, 1867. After attending the gymnasium at Grodnohe...
 * 17) Bruchsal (JE | ) City in the grand duchy of Baden. Jews resided here as early as the beginning of the twelfth century. In 1337 the Jews of...
 * 18) Abraham Jacob Bruck (JE | ) Russian educator; author of works in Hebrew and in Russian; born in the district of Rossienny 1820; died in Yekaterinoslav...
 * 19) Jacob Bruck (JE | ) Hungarian physician and author; born at P&#225;pa Oct. 20, 1845; died at Budapest 1901; brother of Lajos Bruck. He studied...
 * 20) Julius Bruck (JE | ) German dentist and writer on dentistry; born at Breslau Oct. 6, 1840; died there, April 20, 1902. He studied dentistry and...

1521 – 1540

 * 1) Lajos Bruck (JE | ) Hungarian painter; born at P&#225;pa, county of Veszprim, Nov., 1846. Though his father intended him for commercial life,...
 * 2) Max (Miksa) Bruck (JE | ) Hungarian painter; born at Budapest 1863; a brother of Lajos Bruck. He graduated from the schools of his native city, and...
 * 3) Moses Bruck (JE | ) Hungarian theological writer; born about 1812 in Prerau, Moravia; died in 1849. He studied at Prague, and, as he could find...
 * 4) Solomon b. Hayyim Br& (JE | ) Austrian Hebraist; born in the latter part of the eighteenth century; died about 1846. He is the author of "&#7716;a&#7731...
 * 5) Henrietta Bruckman (JE | ) Founder of the first Jewish women&#39;s lodge in America; born in Bohemia April, 1810; died in New York city April, 1888....
 * 6) Lucien Levy Bruhl (JE | ) -- See B1526: Levy-Bruhl
 * 7) L S Bruhl (JE | ) -- See B1526: Levy-Bruhl
 * 8) Adolf Br&#252;ll (JE | ) German writer and theologian; born in Kojetein, Moravia, April 27, 1846; son of Rabbi Jakob Br&#252;ll. He was educated at...
 * 9) Ignaz Br& (JE | ) Austrian composer; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, Nov. 7, 1846. In 1848 his parents removed to Vienna, where he became a pupil...
 * 10) Jakob Br&#252;ll (JE | ) Austrian Talmudist and author; born at Neu-Raussnitz, Moravia, Nov. 16, 1812; died at Kojetein Nov. 29, 1889. He attended...
 * 11) Nehemiah Br& JE (JE | ) Rabbi and scholar of varied attainments; born March 16, 1843, at Neu-Raussnitz, Moravia; died Feb. 5, 1891, at Frankfort-on-the-Main...
 * 12) Israel Bruna (JE | ) -- See I299: Isreal Bruna ben &#7716;ayyim
 * 13) Angelo Brunetti (JE | ) Popular Roman leader, and advocate of the emancipation of the Jews; born in Rome 1800; died there Aug. 10, 1849. Inspired...
 * 14) Br& (JE | ) Capital of Moravia. It possessed a Jewish community as early as the twelfth century. At the instigation of Capistrano, the...
 * 15) Arnold William Brunner (JE | ) American architect; the son of William Brunner and Isabelle Solomon; was born in New York city Sept. 25, 1857. He was educated...
 * 16) Sebastian Brunner (JE | ) Austrian Catholic theologian, editor, and anti-Jewish writer; born Dec. 10, 1814, in Vienna; died in W&#228;hring, near Vienna...
 * 17) L& (JE | ) French dramatist; born at Paris April 20, 1805; died at Havre April 29, 1859. Favoritecollaborator of Ad. de Leuven, he wrote...
 * 18) Brunswick (JE | ) Duchy of Germany, the capital of which has the same name. The first settlement of Jews in the duchy was at Blankenburg; for...
 * 19) Brusa (JE | ) City of Anatolia, 54 miles from Constantinople and 21 miles from the port of Moudania. According to some chroniclers, the...
 * 20) Brusilov (JE | ) Town in the government of Kiev, Russia, with a Jewish population (1898) of 2,800, in a total of 6,500. Of the 541 Jewish artisans...

1541 – 1560

 * 1) Brussels (JE | ) Capital of Belgium. There are no records as to the date when Jews first settled in Brussels; but as many of them were scattered...
 * 2) Brutish (JE | ) A term applied by the Biblical writers to men whose disposition or spirit was like that of beasts. It is used in close conjunction...
 * 3) Judah Loeb ben David Brutzkus (JE | ) Russian writer; born 1870 at Polangen, in the government of Courland; studied at the gymnasium and University of Moscow, from...
 * 4) Br& (JE | ) Town of Bohemia, 14 miles north of Saaz. Documents prove that, as early as the fourteenth century, Jews were living at Br&#252...
 * 5) Bryansk (JE | ) Town in the government of Grodno, Russia, with a Jewish population (1898) of 2,365, in a total population of 6,342. Of the...
 * 6) Solomon Buber JE (JE | ) Galician scholar and editor of Hebrew works; born at Lemberg Feb. 2, 1827. His father, Isaiah Abraham Buber, was versed in...
 * 7) Charles Adolphus Buchheim (JE | ) Professor of the German language and German literature at King&#39;s College, London; born in Moravia1828; died at London...
 * 8) Bucharest (JE | ) Ancient capital of Wallachia, and the present capital of Rumania. The oldest Jewish tombstone is dated 1682; but Jews settled...
 * 9) Bernhard Buchbinder (JE | ) Austrian journalist; born July 6, 1854, in Budapest, where he received his education, being destined for a mercantile career...
 * 10) Carl August Buchholz (JE | ) German Christian lawyer and author; born in the latter half of the eighteenth century; died at L&#252;beck Nov. 15, 1843....
 * 11) P. Buchholz (JE | ) German rabbi; born Oct. 2, 1837; died in Emden, Hanover, Sept. 20, 1892. He became rabbi of M&#228;rkisch-Friedland in 1863...
 * 12) Adolf B& JE (JE | ) Austrian historian and theologian; born Oct. 18, 1867, at Priekopa, Hungary. In 1887 he began his theological studies at the...
 * 13) Alexander B& JE (JE | ) Born in F&#252;lek, Hungary, in 1869; son of the Talmudist rabbi Phineas B&#252;chler of Mo&#243;r. He was educated at the...
 * 14) Wolf b. David Hakohen Buchner (JE | ) Hebrew stylist; born at Brody in the latter half of the eighteenth century and lived into the nineteenth. In his boyhood Buchner...
 * 15) Buchsbaum (JE | ) Family of Jewish physicians of Frankfort-on-the-Main, whose activity extended over a century. Its prominent members were:...
 * 16) Buckler (JE | ) -- See S625: Shield
 * 17) Abraham Cohen Bucuresteanu (Bucureshteanu) (JE | ) Rumanian publicist; born at Bucharest 1840; died there Jan. 24, 1877. From his earliest youth he was passionately fond of...
 * 18) Abraham David b. Asher Anshel Buczacz JE (JE | ) Galician Talmudist; born 1770 at Nadworna; died 1840 at Buczacz. Even as a boy he attracted, by his acuteness in Talmudic...
 * 19) Buda (JE | ) -- See B1561: Budapest
 * 20) Purim of Buda (JE | ) in 1684 the Christian armies laid siege to Buda (Ofen) to drive out the Turks, who had held possession of the city from 1541...

1561 – 1580

 * 1) Budapest >> Dohány Street Synagogue JE, Rumbach Street synagogue JE (JE | ) the capital of Hungary. Of the several congregations within this tripartite city, Buda (Ofen), &#211;-Buda (Alt-Ofen), and...
 * 2) Budek (JE | ) Polish Catholic priest; canon of Wislica at the beginning of the fifteenth century, and one of the most vigorous Jew-baiters...
 * 3) Max B& (JE | ) Austrian historian; born April 1, 1828, at Cassel, Germany; died at Vienna Feb. 23, 1902; son of Moses Mordecai B&#252;dinger...
 * 4) Moses Israel ben Isaac B& (JE | ) Teacher at Metz at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth. He devoted himself to Hebrew grammar...
 * 5) Moses Mordecai B& (JE | ) German educator; born at Maidorf, a village in Hessen, Jan., 1783; died at Cassel Jan. 31, 1841. At the age of twenty he became...
 * 6) Simon Budny (JE | ) Calvinist priest of Lithuania in the sixteenth century; founder of the Polish sect of the Budnians, who were surnamed "Half-Jews"...
 * 7) Budushchnost (JE | ) Russo-Jewish weekly, established (1900) and edited by S. O. Gruzenberg. Like the "Voskhod," it gives valuableinformation concerning...
 * 8) Budweis (JE | ) City of Bohemia. Jews were settled there in the first half of the fourteenth century, possibly earlier. In 1337 the community...
 * 9) La Buena Esp& (JE | ) Title of a Jewish weekly, published in Jud&#230;o-Spanish and in rabbinic characters at Smyrna since 1874. It first appeared...
 * 10) Bueno (Bonus) (JE | ) Family of Spanish origin, members of which, including many physicians and scholars, have settled in southern France, Italy...
 * 11) Buenos Ayres (JE | ) -- See S990: South America
 * 12) Buffalo (JE | ) A name common to different species of Bovid&#339;. The best known is the Bubalus buffelus, or Bos bubalus, generally called...
 * 13) Buffalo, New York (JE | ) the second city in New York state. Its first connection with the history of the Jews occurred in 1825, when Mordecai M. Noah...
 * 14) Buk (JE | ) Town in Prussia, province of Posen, which, after the second partition of Poland, in 1793, passed under Prussian rule. Jews...
 * 15) Bukki (JE | ) 1. Son of Jogli, prince of the tribe of Dan, who represented his tribe in the division of the land (Num. xxxiv. 22). 2. Son...
 * 16) Bukowina (JE | ) An eastern province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire for the history of which see Czernowitz.           					  						  							...
 * 17) Bul (JE | ) the name of the month in which the building of Solomon&#39;s Temple was completed, as mentioned in I Kings vi. 38. It would...
 * 18) Raphael Moses ben Joseph de Bulah (JE | ) Palestinian Talmudist and rabbi; died at Jerusalem March 23, 1773, where he had been rabbi, and had conducted a Talmudic school...
 * 19) Solomon ben Raphael Moses de Bulah (JE | ) Turkish Talmudist; born at Jerusalem, where his father, Raphael Moses ben Joseph de Bulah, was rabbi; died 1786 at Salonica...
 * 20) Bulan (JE | ) King of the Chazars, who in 620 embraced Judaism. Joseph, "Chaghan" (king) of the Chazars, in answer to a letter from &#7716...

1581 – 1600

 * 1) Abraham ibn Bulat (V03p425001jpg) (JE | ) Talmudic scholar; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. He was the disciple of Isaac de Leon, and in a vigorous dispute...
 * 2) Judah ben Joseph ibn Bulat (V03p425002jpg) JE (JE | ) Spanish Talmudist and rabbi; born at the end of the fifteenth century at Estella, Navarre; died probably at Constantinople...
 * 3) Bulgaria (JE | ) Principality of southeastern Europe, under the suzerainty of Turkey. According to Josephus ("Ant." xxii.) and Belloguet ("Les...
 * 4) Bull (JE | ) -- See O193: Ox
 * 5) Bull Worship Among Ancient Hebrews (JE | ) -- See C45: Calf, Golden
 * 6) Bullock (JE | ) -- See C278: Cattle
 * 7) Papal Bulls concerning Jews (JE | ) -- See P438: Popes
 * 8) Bulrush (JE | ) A rush or reed. The term "bulrush" in the Bible occurs once as a translation for "agmon" (Isa. lviii. 5) and twice for "gome"...
 * 9) Bulwark (JE | ) -- See W37: War
 * 10) Bun (JE | ) As a personal prenomen this name is a dialectic abridgment of "Abun" ("Abin," "Rabin"; see Jastrow, "Dictionary," 147a; compare...
 * 11) Edmund Bunney (JE | ) English preacher and Hebrew scholar; born at Vache, near Chalfont, St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, in 1540; died at Carwood, Yorkshire...
 * 12) Bunzlau (JE | ) -- See J728: Jung-Bunzlau
 * 13) Me& (Bumslo) (JE | ) Bohemian rabbi and Talmudist; born at Bunzlau (Jewish-German, "Bumslo"); died Nov. 23, 1770, at Prague, where he had been...
 * 14) John Rudolph, Count von Buol-Schauenstein (JE | ) Austrian diplomat; born Nov. 21, 1763; died Feb. 12, 1834, in Vienna. He entered the diplomatic service, and was sent as ambassador...
 * 15) Burden of Proof (JE | ) in law, the obligation resting upon one or other of the parties to a suit to bring proof of a fact when the opposite party...
 * 16) Meno Burg (JE | ) German military officer; was born in Berlin Oct. 9, 1789; died there Aug. 26, 1853. His father was in very poor circumstances...
 * 17) Burgdorf (JE | ) Town in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It contained a few Jewish inhabitants in the fourteenth century. In 1347 Simon, a...
 * 18) Elijah Hai Vita Burgel (Burgil) (JE | ) Rabbi of Tunis; son of Nathan Burgel. He is the author of "Migdanot Natan," a work in two parts. The first part, printed with...
 * 19) Joseph Burgel (JE | ) Rabbi of Tunis; son of Elijah &#7716;ai Burgel; born in 1791; died at Tunis in 1857. He was the author of "Zar&#39;a de-Yosef...
 * 20) Nathan ben Abraham Burgel (JE | ) Rabbi at Tunis about 1750; pupil of Isaac Lumbroso. Considered a rabbinical authority, people from far and near brought him...

1601 – 1620

 * 1) Hugo B& (JE | ) German dramatist; born in Breslau April 22, 1846; now (1902) living at Berlin. He came to Berlin at the age of twelve, and...
 * 2) Solomon ben David B& (JE | ) -- See B1336: Borger, Solomon ben David
 * 3) Theodor B& (JE | ) Rabbi and preacher in Szegedin, Hungary, 1843-47. Two years after entering upon his office he published a book, "Der Talmud...
 * 4) Burglary (JE | ) in English and American law burglary is the offense of breaking into a dwelling-house at night, with the intent to commit...
 * 5) Burgos (JE | ) City of Old Castile, having a long-established, large, wealthy, and cultured Jewish community up to the time of the expulsion...
 * 6) Burgundy (JE | ) -- See F288: France
 * 7) Burial (JE | ) Placing the corpse in the earth or in caves of the rock, the chief modes adhered to by the Jewish people of disposing of the...
 * 8) Burial Society (JE | ) Organization for providing proper burial rites. There is hardly a congregation of Jews in the world without an association...
 * 9) Barthold Dowe Burmania JE (JE | ) Dutch statesman and ambassador to the court of Vienna; lived in the eighteenth century. He was a man of broad humanitarian...
 * 10) Burning Bush (JE | ) the name commonly given to the tree from which the angel of Jehovah manifested himself to Moses in a flame of fire; the distinctive...
 * 11) Burning of the Dead (JE | ) -- See C863: Cremation
 * 12) Burnt Offering (JE | ) the ordinary translation in modern versions of the Hebrew "&#39;olah" . This term does not mean literally "burnt offering...
 * 13) Bury St Edmunds (JE | ) Town of Suffolk, England, and seat of a monastery the ruins of which still exist. Under the rule of Abbot Hugh (1173-80) the...
 * 14) Bush (JE | ) -- See B1610: Burning Bush
 * 15) Isidor Bush (Busch) JE (JE | ) Litterateur, publicist, and viticulturalist; born in Prague, Bohemia, Jan. 15, 1822; died in St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 5, 1898...
 * 16) Lewis Bush (JE | ) American soldier; born in Philadelphia; died 1777; member of the well-known Bush family, Jewish merchants of Philadelphia...
 * 17) Solomon Bush JE (JE | ) American soldier; born in Philadelphia; son of Matthias Bush, one of the signers of the non-importation agreement (Oct. 25...
 * 18) William Bertrand Busnach JE (JE | ) French dramatist; born in Paris March 7, 1832; nephew of the composer Fromental Hal&#233;vy. His father was associated with...
 * 19) Naphtali Busnash JE (JE | ) Chief of the Algerian Jews and statesman; born at Algiers in the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated June 28, 1805...
 * 20) Bustani (JE | ) -- See B1361: Bostanai

1621 – 1640

 * 1) Butchers (JE | ) -- See S582: She&#7717;i&#7789;ah
 * 2) Matheus Butrymowicz JE (JE | ) Polish statesman and landlord of the eighteenth century; a descendant of one of the oldest families of Lithuania and Samogitia...
 * 3) Butte, Montana (JE | ) -- See M738: Montana
 * 4) Laemmlein Buttenwieser (JE | ) German Talmudist and linguist; born in Wassertr&#252;dingen, Bavaria, Jan. 16, 1825; died in New York city Sept. 23, 1901...
 * 5) Johannes Buxtorf (Buxtorff) + (JE | ) the principal founder of rabbinical study among Christian scholars; born Dec. 25, 1564, at Kamen, Westphalia; died Sept. 13...
 * 6) Johannes Buxtorf JE (JE | ) Johannes Buxtorf, the son of the elder; known as Johannes Buxtorf II.; Christian Hebraist; born at Basel Aug. 13, 1599; died...
 * 7) Johannes b. Buxtorf (JE | ) Nephew of Johannes Jakob Buxtorf; born Jan. 8, 1663; died June 19, 1732. He was professor of Hebrew at Basel, and published...
 * 8) Johannes Jakob Buxtorf JE (JE | ) Professor of Hebrew at Basel; son of Johannes Buxtorf II. by his fourth wife; born Sept. 4, 1645; died April 4, 1705. According...
 * 9) Johannes Rudolphus Buxtorf (JE | ) Great-grandson of Johannes Buxtorf I.; born at Basel Oct. 24, 1747; died 1815. After completing his studies in his native...
 * 10) Buz (JE | ) Second son of Nahor (Gen. xxii. 21). From the language of the genealogical lists, however, it is to be inferred that the name...
 * 11) Shalom ben Moses Buzaglo (Buzaglio, Buzagli), JE (JE | ) Cabalist; born in Morocco (where his father was "rosh yeshibah") at the beginning of the eighteenth century; died in 1780...
 * 12) William Buzaglo JE (JE | ) English inventor and empiric; died at London in 1788. His first claim to distinction was his introduction of stoves made on...
 * 13) Buzecchi (JE | ) -- See B1375: Bozecchi
 * 14) Byelaya Tzerkov (JE | ) Town in the government of Kiev, Russia. Its Jewish settlement must have been formed after 1550, when the waywode of Kiev,...
 * 15) Byelaya Vezh (JE | ) -- See C402: Chazars
 * 16) Byelostok (JE | ) Town in the government of Grodno, Russia; by rail 52 miles southwest of Grodno; one of the youngest in Lithuania. Little is...
 * 17) Byelsk + (JE | ) Town in the government of Grodno, Russia. It is impossible to name the exact date when Jews first settled here. In the sixteenth...
 * 18) Byeshenkovichi (JE | ) Town in the district of Lepelsk, government of Vitebsk, Russia. In 1898, in a total population of 5,000, about 4,000 were...
 * 19) Emil Byk JE (JE | ) Austrian lawyer and deputy; born Jan. 14, 1845, at Janow, near Trembowla, in Galicia.In 1885 Byk was chosen chairman of the...
 * 20) Bykhov (JE | ) District town in the government of Mohilev, Russia. At the census of 1898 the total population was 6,536, including 3,172...

1641 – 1660

 * 1) George Gordon, Lord Byron (JE | ) English poet; born in Halles street, London, Jan. 22, 1788; died at Missolonghi, Greece, April 19, 1824. The only one of his...
 * 2) Byzantine Expire (JE | ) Name given to the eastern division of the Roman empire. On May 11, 330, Constantinople became the capital of the Roman empire...