Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/E2

501 – 520

 * 1) Ethiopia (JE | ) the translation in the Authorized Version, following the ancient versions, of a name covering three different countries and...
 * 2) Ethnarch (JE | ) in the Greco-Roman world, one that stood at the head of any community, though not an independent ruler. The Hebrew word "rosh"...
 * 3) Ethnology (JE | ) -- See B1037: Biblical Ethnology
 * 4) Etiquette (JE | ) Rules governing intercourse in polite society. Such rules are supposed by the Rabbis to have been laid down by the Bible itself...
 * 5) Etoile (JE | ) Town in the ancient province of Dauphine&#225;, France. It must not be confounded with Estella (Latin, Stella), Spain. In...
 * 6) Etrog (JE | ) the citron (&#954;&#943;&#964;&#961;&#959;&#957;, &#954;&#943;&#964;&#961;&#953;&#959;&#957;); fruit of a tree of the orange...
 * 7) Isaac Seckel ben Menahem Etthausen (JE | ) German rabbi; flourished in the first half of the eighteenth century, officiating as rabbi in various German towns during...
 * 8) Etting (JE | ) Name of an American family, prominent in national and civic affairs, whose history is associated with the states of Maryland...
 * 9) Ettinger (Oettinger) (JE | ) Family name derived from the city of Oettingen in Bavaria, and found all over Europe among Ashkenazim families. The Galician...
 * 10) Jacob Ettlinger JE (JE | ) German rabbi and author, and one of the leaders of modern Orthodoxy; born at Carlsruhe March 17, 1798; died at Altona Dec...
 * 11) Isaac Abraham Euchel JE (JE | ) Hebrew author; born at Copenhagen 1758; died at Berlin (June?) 14, 1804. He studied at the University of K&#246;nigsberg under...
 * 12) Euclid (JE | ) Greek geometer; flourished in the fourth century B.C. He is mentioned, perhaps for the first time in Hebrew literature, by...
 * 13) Albert Eulenburg (JE | ) German neuropathist and electrotherapist; born Aug. 10, 1840, in Berlin; son of the physician Moritz Michael Eulenburg (1811-87)...
 * 14) Eulogy (JE | ) -- See I166: Invocations
 * 15) Eunuch (JE | ) As throughout the Orient in very ancient times, and more especially in Egypt and Assyria, where they seem to have held the...
 * 16) Eupatoria (JE | ) Town in the government of Taurida; on the western coast of the Crimea. It was formerly called by the Tatars "Gezelew" (in...
 * 17) Euphemism (JE | ) A figure of speech by which a softened, indirect expression is substituted for a word or phrase offensive to delicate ears...
 * 18) Euphrates (JE | ) the main river of nearer Asia, often mentioned in the Bible (the fourth river of paradise, Gen. ii. 14), and frequently designated...
 * 19) Eupolemus DAB (JE | ) Son of John, son of Accos; envoy of Judas Maccabeus to the Romans. To secure himself against the Syrians Judas sent Eupolemus...
 * 20) Europe >> Jews in the Middle Ages JE (JE | ) the first settlements of Jews in Europe are obscure. There is documentary evidence only for the fact that in 163 B.C. Eupolemus...

521 – 540

 * 1) Eurydemus ben Jose (JE | ) One of the sons of Tanna Jose b. &#7716;alafta. His name has been transmitted in the most varying forms: "Awradimus", "Abirodimus"...
 * 2) Eusebius (JE | ) Bishop of C&#230;sarea and the "father of Church history"; born about 270. Though animated by zeal for the conversion of the...
 * 3) Eutolemus (JE | ) Name borne by a number of Palestinian Jews. R. Jose quotes in reference to several halakic questions the testimony of a certain...
 * 4) Samuel Evans (JE | ) English pugilist; born in London Jan. 30, 1801; died of consumption Nov. 4, 1843. Evans&#39; first encounter in the prize-ring...
 * 5) Evansville (JE | ) -- See I131: Indiana
 * 6) Evaristus (JE | ) the fifth pope; consecrated about 100; died about 109. The breviary of Pope Pius V. reserves Oct. 26 to the memory of "Evaristus...
 * 7) Eve (JE | ) the wife of Adam. According to Gen. iii. 20, Eve was so called because she was "the mother of all living" (R. V., margin,...
 * 8) Eve of Holidays (JE | ) Unlike the early Babylonians, whose day began with sunrise, the Jews began theirs with sunset. Some critics, Dillmann among...
 * 9) Eviction (JE | ) -- See E108: Ejectment
 * 10) Evidence (JE | ) Whenever in proceedings at law an issue arises&#8212;that is, in civil cases when a fact is asserted on one side and denied...
 * 11) Evil Eye (JE | ) A supposed power of bewitching or harming by spiteful looks, attributed to certain persons as a natural endowment. The belief...
 * 12) Evil-merodach (JE | ) Son of Nebuchadnezzar, and third ruler of the New Babylonian empire; reigned from 561 to 560 B.C. His name in Babylonian is...
 * 13) Evil Spirits (JE | ) -- See D245: Demonology
 * 14) Evolution (JE | ) the series of steps by which all existing beings have been developed by gradual modification; term generally applied to the...
 * 15) Evora (JE | ) City in Portugal, and the seat of the rabbi of the province of Alemtejo. When the bride-elect of Don Alfonso, the only son...
 * 16) Evreux (JE | ) Capital of the department of Eure, France. In the Middle Ages it was one of the centers of Jewish learning, and its scholars...
 * 17) Ferdinand Christopher Ewald (JE | ) English clergyman; born near Bamberg, Bavaria, 1802; died in Norwood, London, Aug. 9, 1874; baptized at Basel when about 23...
 * 18) Georg Heinrich August Ewald (JE | ) Christian Biblical scholar; born at G&#246;ttingen Nov. 16, 1803; died there May 4, 1875; educated at the University of G&#246...
 * 19) Johann Ludwig Ewald (JE | ) German pedagogue and theologian, and advocate of the Jews; born at Hain-zur-Dreieich, grand duchy of Hesse, Sept. 16, 1747...
 * 20) Ewe (JE | ) -- See S577: Sheep

541 – 560

 * 1) Leopold Ewer (JE | ) German physician; born Jan. 4, 1849, at Anklam, Pomerania. He studied from 1868 to 1873 at the University of Berlin (M.D....
 * 2) Bills of Exchange (JE | ) Instruments, generally in duplicate, ordering persons to pay money in distant parts. According to Hallam ("Europe in the Middle...
 * 3) Exchequer of the Jews (JE | ) A division of the Court of Exchequer in England (1200-90) in which the taxes and the law-cases of the Jews were recorded and...
 * 4) Excommunication (JE | ) the highest ecclesiastical censure, the exclusion of a person from the religious community, which among the Jews meant a practical...
 * 5) Execution (JE | ) Carrying into effect the decision of a court. The word also denotes the writ entrusting some officer of the law with the duty...
 * 6) Executors (JE | ) -- See W188: Will
 * 7) Exeter (JE | ) County-seat of Devon, England. The first Jew mentioned as living in Exeter, about 1181, paid a fine of 10 marks for the king...
 * 8) Exilarch JE (JE | ) Title given to the head of the Babylonian Jews, who, from the time of the Babylonian exile, were designated by the term "golah"...
 * 9) Exile (JE | ) the translation of "goleh" (II Sam. xv. 19) and "Zo&#39;eh" (Isa. li. 14) in the English versions; it also occurs as...
 * 10) Exodus (JE | ) the departure, under the leadership of Moses, of the Israelites from the land of Egypt.&#8212;Biblical Data: Having multiplied...
 * 11) Book of Exodus (JE | ) the second book of the Torah or Pentateuch is called by the Jews, from the opening words, or briefly . The Greek name is...
 * 12) Exogamy (JE | ) -- See M213: Marriage
 * 13) Exorcism (JE | ) the expulsion of evil spirits by spells; in Greek &#7952;&#954;&#946;&#940;&#955;&#955;&#949;&#953;&#957; (Matt. viii. 16...
 * 14) Expectation of life (JE | ) the expected duration of life after any given age, estimated according to fixed tables of mortality based on the mean number...
 * 15) Expression (JE | ) -- See T371: Types
 * 16) Jonathan Eybesch& (JE | ) German rabbi and Talmudist; born in Cracow about the year 1690; died in Altona Sept. 18, 1764. His father, Nathan (Nata),...
 * 17) Eye (JE | ) This important organ is mentioned more than 800 times in the Bible, but is described only in its external appearance and significance...
 * 18) Ezbai (JE | ) Father of Naarai, one of David&#39;s thirty mighty warriors (I Chron. xi. 37). The parallel list of II Samuel has "Paarai...
 * 19) Ezbon (JE | ) 1. Son of Gad, and father of one of the Gadite families (Gen. xlvi. 16). In Num. xxvi. 16 "Ezbon" is replaced by "Ozni" ...
 * 20) Ezekias (JE | ) High priest mentioned by Josephus, who relates that among those who accompanied Ptolemy to Egypt after the battle of Gaza...

561 – 580

 * 1) Ezekiel (JE | ) Concerning the life of Ezekiel there are but a few scattered references contained in the book bearing his name. He was the...
 * 2) Ezekiel& (JE | ) the traditional burial-place of the prophet Ezekiel, around which many sagas and legends have gathered, is shown at Kefil...
 * 3) Book of Ezekiel (JE | ) Ezekiel&#39;s book is one of the most original in the sacred literature of Israel. Its principal features are its systematic...
 * 4) Ezekiel Abraham Ezekiel (JE | ) English engraver; born in Exeter 1757; died there 1806. He engraved paintings by Opie, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and others, and...
 * 5) Ezekiel Feiwel ben Ze& (JE | ) Russian Talmudist and preacher; born at Polangen 1755; died at Wilna 1833. Early in life he filled the position of preacher...
 * 6) Jacob Ezekiel (JE | ) Born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 28, 1812; died May 16, 1899. His parents, Ezekiel Jacob Ezekiel and Rebecca Israel, had come...
 * 7) Jacob Ezekiel (JE | ) the third of the Beni-Israel (the first two being Isaac Solomon and Joel Samuel) who visited the Holy Land (1894); he was...
 * 8) Joseph Ezekiel (JE | ) Indian Hebraist; one of the heads of the Beni-Israel of Bombay; born in that city 1834. Ezekiel was educated in the school...
 * 9) Moses Jacob Ezekiel (JE | ) American sculptor; born in Richmond, Va., Oct. 28, 1844; educated at the Virginia Military Institute, from which, after serving...
 * 10) Ezekiel b. Samuel ha-Levi (JE | ) See Schlesinger, Ezekiel.
 * 11) Ezekielus (JE | ) Alexandrine poet; flourished in the second century B.C. He dramatized Biblical episodes in Greek hexameters. Four fragments...
 * 12) Ezer (JE | ) Son of Seir, and one of the princes of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 21, 27, 30; I Chron. i. 38, 42).           					  						  							...
 * 13) Ezer (JE | ) Theophorous name, shortened either from "Eleazar" or from "Azriel," both occurring in the Bible. 1. Son of Ephraim, slain...
 * 14) Ezion-Geber (JE | ) A maritime place of Idum&#230;a, situated on the Aelanitic Gulf of the Red Sea, not far from Elath or Eloth (Deut. ii...
 * 15) Eliezer ben Hanan Ezobi (JE | ) Proven&#231;al poet; lived at B&#233;ziers in the thirteenth century. He was the brother of Joseph EZOBI, and a contemporary...
 * 16) Joseph ben Hanan ben Nathan Ezobi (JE | ) Liturgical poet; lived at Perpignan in the thirteenth century. He was the author of thefollowing: (1) three liturgical poems...
 * 17) Solomon ben Judah Ezobi (JE | ) Rabbi at Carpentras, Leghorn, and Florence; born at Sofia, Bulgaria, in the sixteenth century; died in Italy about 1650. While...
 * 18) Ezra the Scribe (JE | ) A descendant of Seraiah the high priest (Neh. viii. 13; Ezra vii. 1 et seq.; II Kings xxv. 18-21); a member of the priestly...
 * 19) Book of Ezra JE (JE | ) the contents of the book are as follows: Synopsis of Contents.Ch. i.: Cyrus, inspired by Jehovah, permits the Israelites...
 * 20) Apocryphal Books of Ezra (JE | ) -- See E463: Esdras, Books of

581 – 600

 * 1) Ezra UNR (JE | ) Palestinian halakist of the fifth century; disciple of R. Mana the Younger (Yer. Ter. i. 40b, vii. 44d). By a clerical error...
 * 2) Ezra the Cabalist (JE | ) -- See A2224: Azriel ben Menahem
 * 3) Ezra the Prophet of Moncontour (JE | ) French tosafist; flourished in the thirteenth century. The title "prophet" is, according to Zunz, an honorific one. It is...
 * 4) Ezra b. Solomon Astruc ibn Gatigno (JE | ) -- See E584: Gatigno, Ezra b. Solomon
 * 5) Ezrahite (JE | ) Name occurring in Psalms lxxxviii. and lxxxix. (in the titles); I Kings iv. 31; and I Chronicles ii. 6. In the last-mentioned...