Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/I

1 – 20

 * 1) I (JE | ) -- See Y70: Yod
 * 2) Ibis (JE | ) -- See H640: Heron
 * 3) Ibn (JE | ) Arabic word (in Hebrew ) meaning "son," and having the shortened form "ben" or "bin" when standing between the proper name...
 * 4) Samuel ben Judah ibn Abun (JE | ) -- See I4: Samuel ibn Abun ben Judah
 * 5) Ibn Alfange (JE | ) Spanish author; flourished in the eleventh century. Nothing is known of his life except that he embraced Christianity in 1094...
 * 6) Abu Zakarya Yahya ibn Bal&#39;am|Abu Zakarya Yahya (R Judah) ibn Bal&#39;am (JE | ) Hebrew grammarian of Toledo, Spain, about 1070-90. In the introduction to his "Moznayim" Abraham ibn Ezra mentions ibn Bal&#39...
 * 7) Abu Ibrahim Ishak ibn Barun (JE | ) Spanish grammarian; lived in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, probably at Barcelona. He was a pupil of the grammarian Levi...
 * 8) David ben Yom-Tob ibn Bilia JE (JE | ) Portuguese philosopher; lived in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Steinschneider believes him to have been the father...
 * 9) Saadia ben Maimun ben Moses ibn Danan (JE | ) Lexicographer, philosopher, and poet; flourished at Granada in the second half of the fifteenth century. He exercised the...
 * 10) Ibn Daud ha-Levi (JE | ) -- See A417: Abraham ibn Daud
 * 11) Abraham ben Me& (Aben Ezra) (JE | ) Scholar and writer; born 1092-1093; died Jan. 28 (according to Rosin, Reime und Gedichte, p. 82, n. 6, 1167 (see his application...
 * 12) Isaac ibn Ezra (JE | ) Spanish poet of the twelfth century; son of Abraham ibn Ezra. He won fame as a poet at an early age, probably while still...
 * 13) Joseph ben Isaac ibn Ezra JE (JE | ) Oriental rabbi of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; descendant of the ibn Ezra family of Spain. Brought up in Salonica...
 * 14) Judah ibn Ezra JE (JE | ) Son of Joseph ibn Ezra of Granada; Spanish state official of the twelfth century. He was raised by Alfonso VII. of Castileto...
 * 15) Moses ben Jacob ha-Sallah ibn Ezra (Abu Harun Musa ibn Ezra) (JE | ) Spanish philosopher, linguist, and poet; born at Granada about 1070; (died after 1138; relative of Abraham ibn Ezra and pupil...
 * 16) Solomon ben Moses ibn Ezra (JE | ) Rabbi of Venice; flourished in the second half of the seventeenth century. He was a disciple of Joseph Escapa and wrote a...
 * 17) Solomon ben Judah ibn Gabirol (Abu Ayyub Sulaiman ibn Yahya ibn Jabirul) (JE | ) Spanish poet, philosopher, and moralist; born in Malaga about 1021; died about 1058 in Valencia. He is called by Gr&#228;tz...
 * 18) Isaac ben Judah ibn Ghayyat JE (JE | ) Spanish rabbi, Biblical commentator, philosopher, and liturgical poet; born at Lucena in 1038 (Graetz cites 1030); died at...
 * 19) Judah ben Isaac ibn Ghayyat (JE | ) Spanish Talmudist and Hebrew poet of the twelfth century. He was the author of a Hebrew translation, from the Arabic, of a...
 * 20) Aaron ibn Hayyim (JE | ) -- See H392: &#7716;ayyim, Aaron ibn

21 – 40

 * 1) Aaron b. Abraham ibn Hayyim (JE | ) -- See A38: Aaron (ben Abraham ben Samuel) ibn &#7716;ayyim
 * 2) Ibn Huacar (JE | ) -- See I62: Ibn Wa&#7730;ar
 * 3) Ibn Husain (Abu Sulaiman) Daud (JE | ) Karaite liturgical poet; flourished in the first half of the tenth century. He compiled a prayer-book for the Karaites, entitled...
 * 4) Abu al-Walid Merwan ibn Janah (JE | ) Greatest Hebrew philologist of the Middle Ages; born at Cordova between 985 and 990; died at Saragossa in the first half of...
 * 5) Jacob ibn Jau JE (JE | ) Silk-manufacturer at Cordova, occupying a high position at the court of the calif Hisham; died about 1000. Amador de los Rios...
 * 6) Ya&#39;kub ben Yusuf (Abu al-Faraj) ibn Killis (JE | ) Vizier to the calif of Egypt, Al-&#39;Aziz Nizar; born at Bagdad 930; died at Cairo 990-991. His parents were Jews; and he...
 * 7) Isaac b. Abraham ibn Latif (JE | ) Spanish physician and cabalist; probably born at Toledo; died at Jerusalem, whither he had gone in indigent circumstances...
 * 8) Judah ben Nissim (JE | ) Spanish philosopher; flourished either in Spain or in Africa in the middle of the fourteenth century. He was imbued with Neoplatonic...
 * 9) Judah ben Solomon ha-Kohen ibn Matkah (JE | ) Spanish philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician; born at Toledo in 1215. On his mother&#39;s side he was the grandson of...
 * 10) Abraham ben Isaac ha-Levi ibn Migas (JE | ) Spanish physician and rabbinical scholar; lived at Constantinople in the sixteenth century. He was court physician to Sulaiman...
 * 11) Joseph ibn Migas (JE | ) Spanish Jew of the eleventh century; ancestor of an important family of scholars. Joseph ibn Migas, greatly respected among...
 * 12) Joseph (Jehosef) ben Me&#239;r ha-Levi ibn Migas (JE | ) Spanish rabbi and head of a school in Lucena; born 1077; died in Lucena 1141. His birthplace was probably Seville, where his...
 * 13) Me& (JE | ) Spanish rabbi, and president of the bet ha-midrash of Seville; flourished in the eleventh century. He was the son of Joseph...
 * 14) Ahub ben Me&#239;r Hanasi ibn ??????? ibn Muhajar (JE | ) Spanish-Arabian poet of the twelfth century; probably a brother of the poet Joseph ben Me&#239;r and of Abraham b. Me&#239...
 * 15) Jacob ibn Nu& (JE | ) Physician to King Henry IV. of Castile and his chief judge ("juez mayor"); also rabbi, as he calls himself. In 1474 he was...
 * 16) Ibn Palquera (JE | ) -- See N107: Falaquera (Palaquera), Shem-&#7789;ob b. Joseph.
 * 17) Isaac ben Joseph ibn Pulgar JE (JE | ) Spanish philosopher, poet, and controversialist; flourished in the first half of the fourteenth century. Where he lived is...
 * 18) Ibn Roshd (JE | ) -- See A2163: Averroes
 * 19) Abu al-Hasan ibn Sahl (JE | ) -- See A1231: Ali ibn Sahl ibn Rabban al-Tabari
 * 20) Abu Omar Joseph ben Jacob ibn Sahl (JE | ) Poet and scientist; died at Cordova 1124. He was a pupil of Isaac ibn Ghayyat, was rabbi at Cordova for nine years, and was...

41 – 60

 * 1) Ibn Seneh (JE | ) -- See Z41: &#7826;ar&#7827;ah, Samuel ibn Seneh.
 * 2) Hasdai ibn Shaprut (JE | ) -- See H336: &#7716;asdai (Abu Yusuf) ibn Shaprut
 * 3) Sheb-Tob ben Isaac ibn Shaprut (Shafrut) JE (JE | ) Spanish philosopher, physician, and polemic; born at Tudela in the middle of the fourteenth century; often confused with the...
 * 4) Isaac ibn Shem-Tob (JE | ) Philosophical commentator of the fifteenth century; younger brother of Joseph ibn Shem-Tob, and a follower of Maimonides...
 * 5) Joseph ibn Shem-Tov (ben Shemtob) JE (JE | ) One of the most prolific Jud&#230;o-Spanish writers of the fifteenth century; born in Castile; died 1480. He lived in various...
 * 6) Shem-Tob (ben Joseph?) ibn Shem-Tob JE (JE | ) Spanish cabalist; a fanatical opponent of rationalistic philosophy; president of a yeshibah in Spain; lived about 1390-1440...
 * 7) Shem-Tob ben Joseph ben Shem-Tob ibn Shem-Tob (JE | ) Spanish writer and philosopher; flourished about 1461-89; lived in Segovia and Almazan. He was a follower of Maimonides, even...
 * 8) Ibn Shoshan >> Issachar ben Mordecai ibn Susan JE (JE | ) Spanish family of Toledo, which can be traced back to the twelfth century and which is known to have existed up to the seventeenth...
 * 9) Bishr (Bashar) ben Phinehas ibn Shu&#39;aib (JE | ) Oriental mathematician; lived at the end of the tenth century. According to Hottinger ("Promptuarium," p. 96), the Arabic...
 * 10) Joel ibn Shu& JE (JE | ) Rabbi, preacher, and commentator of the fifteenth century; born in Aragon; lived also at Tudela. He wrote: "&#39;Olat Shabbat...
 * 11) Joshua ibn Shu&#39;aib (JE | ) Preacher and cabalist; flourished about 1328. He was a pupil of Solomon ben Adret and the teacher of Menahem ibn Zerah. Together...
 * 12) Ibn Tibbon JE >> Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon JE, Samuel ibn Tibbon JE, Moses ibn Tibbon JE, Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon JE (JE | ) Family of translators that lived principally in southern France in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. On the name "Tibbon"...
 * 13) Joseph ibn Verga JE (JE | ) Turkish rabbi and historian; lived at Adrianople at the beginning of the sixteenth century; son of Solomon ibn Verga, author...
 * 14) Judah ibn Verga JE (JE | ) Spanish historian, cabalist, perhaps also mathematician, and astronomer, of the fifteenth century; born at Seville; martyred...
 * 15) Solomon ibn Verga JE >> Scepter of Judah JE (JE | ) Spanish historian and physician; lived in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. His relationship to Judah ibn Verga can not...
 * 16) Hayyim ibn Vives (Vivas) (JE | ) Spanish translator; translated from Arabic into Hebrew for David ibn Bilia the farewell letter of ibn al-Sha&#39;igh...
 * 17) Juan ibn Vives (JE | ) Grandson of one of the richest Jews of Valencia, and one of the most influential and respected of the citizens of that city...
 * 18) Joseph ben Joshua ibn Vives al-Lorqui (Of Lorca) JE (JE | ) Spanish physician; died before 1372; father of Joshua ben Joseph ibn Vives al-Lorqui. He revised Tibbon&#39;s translation...
 * 19) Joseph ben Joshua ibn Vives al-Lorqui (Of Lorca) JE (JE | ) Spanish physician; died before 1408; son of Joshua ibn Vives al-Lorqui. He translated from Arabic into Hebrew various books...
 * 20) Joshua ben Joseph ibn Vives al-Lorqui (Of Lorca) JE (JE | ) Spanish physician; lived about 1400 in Alca&#241;iz. In 1408, at the command of the rich and influential Benveniste ben Solomon...

61 – 80

 * 1) Joshua ben Joseph ibn Vives al-Lorqui (Of Lorca) JE (JE | ) Spanish physician, anti-Semitic writer, and propagandist. As a Jew his name was Joshua ha-Lorki (from the name of his birthplace...
 * 2) Joseph ben Abraham ibn Wakar (JE | ) Spanish cabalist and Talmudist; lived at Toledo in the fourteenth century. Moses Narboni, who began his commentary on the...
 * 3) Judah ben Isaac ibn Wakar (Wakkar, Huacar, Hucar), of Cordova  (JE | ) Tax-collector for, and representative and traveling companion (about 1320) of, the infante Don Juan Manuel; the author of...
 * 4) Samuel ibn Wakar (Huacar) (JE | ) Physician to King Alfonso XI. of Castile; astronomer and astrologer; flourished in the fourteenth century. A favorite of the...
 * 5) David ibn Yahya (JE | ) Grammarian and philisopher; son of the martyr Don Joseph; born at Lisbon 1465; died 1543. He was a pupil of David ben Solomon...
 * 6) Joseph ben David ibn Yahya (JE | ) Italian exegete and philosopher; born at Florence 1494; died at Imola 1539. His parents were Spanish exiles who had lived...
 * 7) Baruch ben Isaac ibn Ya& (JE | ) Philosopher and translator of the fifteenth century; apparently a native of Spain, though he lived in Italy. Ibn Ya&#39;ish...
 * 8) Ibn Zabarra (JE | ) Jud&#230;o-Spanish family-name, found as early as the twelfth century; derived perhaps from a place-name. In Spanish documents...
 * 9) Judah ibn Zabarra (JE | ) Poet and theologian; flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; probably a native of Spain, where the surname...
 * 10) Ibn Zarzal (JE | ) -- See A613: &#7826;ar&#7826;al, Abraham ibn
 * 11) Ibrahim ibn Ya&, the Israelite (JE | ) Jewish merchant-traveler of the tenth century. The little that is known about Ibrahim ibn Ya&#39;Kub is from his own...
 * 12) Ibzan (JE | ) Judge of Israel for seven years after Jephthah; a native of Beth-lehem he had thirty sons and thirty daughters, and was buried...
 * 13) Ichabod JE (JE | ) Son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli. Born after the death in battle of his father and the tragic death of his grandfather...
 * 14) Iddo (JE | ) A seer, or prophet , whose prophecies were directed against Jeroboam (II Chron. ix. 29). In the Masoretic text his name...
 * 15) Proof of Identity (JE | ) in criminal cases the witnesses were required to be certain of the identity both of the accused and of the victim, as well...
 * 16) Idi (JE | ) Name of several Babylonian amoraim who flourished from the middle of the second to the middle of the fifth century. In the...
 * 17) Idi b. Abin Naggara (JE | ) Babylonian amora of the fourth period (about 350). His father, whose name ("Naggara"="carpenter") probably indicates his occupation...
 * 18) Idi of Caesarea (JE | ) -- See I82: Idi b. Jacob
 * 19) Idi b. Gershom (Ada b. Gershon) (JE | ) Babylonian amora of the tannaitic period (about 150); father of Idi b. Idi (&#7716;ul. 98a; comp. Yer. Ter. x. 10). There...
 * 20) Idi of Hutra (JE | ) -- See I82: Idi b. Jacob

81 – 100

 * 1) Idi ben Idi (JE | ) -- See I79: Idi b. Gershom
 * 2) Idi b. Jacob II (JE | ) Babylonian amora of the second period (about 250). Idi was a disciple of Johanan. The journey from Idi&#39;s home in Babylonia...
 * 3) Idiocy (JE | ) Mental deficiency, depending upon disease or imperfect development of the nervous system, and dating from birth or from early...
 * 4) Idit (JE | ) Name of an amora who is known only from a passage preserved by Nachman (Sanh. 38b), the passage being a part of a controversy...
 * 5) Idolatry and Idols (JE | ) -- See W287: Worship, Idol
 * 6) Idumea JE (JE | ) -- See O11: Edom
 * 7) Lazar Elias Igel (JE | ) Austrian rabbi; born Feb. 28, 1825, at Lemberg, where his father was a second-hand bookseller; died at Czernowitz March 26...
 * 8) Iggeret (JE | ) -- See L224: Letter-Writing
 * 9) & (JE | ) -- See C43: Calendar
 * 10) Iglau (JE | ) Mining-town in Moravia, Austria. While Jews settled at Br&#252;nn at a very early time, regulations concerning the Jews of...
 * 11) Count Nikolai Pavlovich Ignatiev (Ignatyev, Ignatieff) (JE | ) Russian statesman; born 1832. He was one of the prime movers in the reactionary anti-Jewish legislation of the last quarter...
 * 12) Ignorance of the Law (JE | ) Through the institution of Hatra&#39;ah, warning by the witnesses before the crime was committed was made by the Rabbis a...
 * 13) Shemariah b. Elijah Ikriti, of Negropont (V06p559001jpg) (JE | ) Italian philosopher and Biblical exegete; contemporary of Dante and Immanuel; born probably at Rome about 1275, the descendant...
 * 14) Il Progresso Ladino (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 15) Henry Iliowizi (JE | ) American rabbi and author; born in Choinick, in the government of Minsk, Russia, Jan. 2, 1850. His father was affiliated with...
 * 16) & (JE | ) Babylonian scholar of the fourth century (fourth amoraic generation); contemporary of Raba (B. M. 96a). He and the daughters...
 * 17) Iliyer Manasseh (JE | ) -- See I97: Manasseh, Iliyer
 * 18) Illegitimacy (JE | ) the state of being born out of lawful wedlock; in Jewish law, the state of being born of any of the marriages prohibited in...
 * 19) Jacob Di Illescos (JE | ) Bible commentator, probably of Italian origin; lived in the fourteenth century. He was the author of "Imre No&#39;am," an...
 * 20) Illiberis (JE | ) -- See E321: Elvira

101 – 120

 * 1) Illinois (JE | ) One of the Central States of the United States of America; admitted to the Union Dec. 3, 1818. The Jewish pioneer of Illinois...
 * 2) Bernhard Illowy (JE | ) American rabbi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, 1814; died near Cincinnati, Ohio, June 22, 1871. He was descended from a family of...
 * 3) Illuminated Manuscripts (JE | ) -- See M164: Manuscripts
 * 4) Illustra Guerta de Historia (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 5) Illustrating of Hebrew Manuscripts (JE | ) -- See M164: Manuscripts
 * 6) Illustrirte Judenzeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 7) Illustrirte Monatshefte F& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 8) Illustrirte Wiener J& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 9) Images (JE | ) -- See W287: Worship, Idol
 * 10) Naphtali Herz Imber (JE | ) Austrian Hebrew poet; born at Zloczow, Galicia, in 1856. After the usual Talmudic training he began his wandering life by...
 * 11) Imma Shalom (JE | ) Wife of Eliezer ben Hyrcanus and sister of Gamaliel II. Of her early life but little is known. She was probably brought up...
 * 12) Immanuel (JE | ) This name occurs only thrice in the Bible, in Isa. vii. 14 and viii. 8, 10 (in the last-cited verse the rendering "God is...
 * 13) Immanuel ben Jacob of Tarascon (JE | ) -- See B1295: Bonfils, Immanuel ben Jacob
 * 14) Immanuel ben Jekuthiel of Benevento (JE | ) Grammarian and corrector for the press at Mantua; lived in the second half of the sixteenth century. He was connected with...
 * 15) Siegmund Immanuel (JE | ) German philologist; born at Hamburg Sept. 4, 1792; died at Minden Dec. 28, 1847. Educated at the gymnasium of Altona and later...
 * 16) Immanuel ben Solomon ben Jekuthiel JE (JE | ) Italian scholar, satirical poet, and the most interesting figure among the Jews of Italy; born at Rome c. 1270; died probably...
 * 17) Immigration (JE | ) -- See M602: Migration
 * 18) Immortality of the Soul (JE | ) the belief that the soul continues its existence after the dissolution of the body is a matter of philosophical or theological...
 * 19) Immovable Property (JE | ) -- See R145: Real Estate
 * 20) Implied Contract (JE | ) -- See C753: Contract

121 – 140

 * 1) Imprisonment (JE | ) Imprisonment as a punishment for crime is not known in Mosaic law. The few apparent cases mentioned in the Pentateuch (Lev...
 * 2) Impurity (JE | ) -- See C145: Carcass
 * 3) Incantation (JE | ) the invocation of magical powers. All peoples, civilized as well as savage, have believed and still believe in magical influences...
 * 4) Incarnation (JE | ) -- See L525: Logos
 * 5) Incense (JE | ) An aromatic substance which exhales perfume during combustion; the odor of spices and gums burned as an act of worship. In...
 * 6) Incest (JE | ) Marriage or carnal commerce between persons of a close degree of consanguinity. Even in modern times the connotation of "incestuous"...
 * 7) Incunabula >> Hebrew incunabula JE (JE | ) Works printed in the fifteenth century. Those of Jewish interest consist of (a) works printed in Hebrew and (b) works in other...
 * 8) Indemnity (JE | ) That by which a surety who has been compelled to pay the debt of his principal is reimbursed, either by the principal or from...
 * 9) The Independent Hebrew (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 10) India (JE | ) An extensive region of southern Asia, comprising many countries, races, and sects. Including about 2,800 in the settlement...
 * 11) Indiana (JE | ) One of the Central States of the American Union; admitted 1816. The earliest Jewish congregation, the Achduth Vesholom congregation...
 * 12) Indianapolis (JE | ) -- See I131: Indiana
 * 13) Indictment (JE | ) -- See A725: Accusatory and Inquisitorial Procedure
 * 14) Infamy (JE | ) -- See E530: Evidence
 * 15) Legal Aspect of Infancy (JE | ) Infants, the deaf, and those of unsound mind are always named together, as not liable for torts, nor punishable for offenses...
 * 16) Infidelity (JE | ) See Unbelief.
 * 17) Informers (JE | ) See Moserim.
 * 18) Infratirea (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 19) Feast of Ingathering (JE | ) -- See T4: Tabernacles, Feast of
 * 20) Inheritance (JE | ) Among the early Hebrews, as well as among many other nations of antiquity, custom decided that the next of kin should enter...

141 – 160

 * 1) Initials (JE | ) -- See A183: Abbreviations
 * 2) Injuries (JE | ) -- See D20: Damage
 * 3) Ink (JE | ) the only passage in the Old Testament in which ink is mentioned is Jer. xxxvi. 18. It would evidently, however, be a mistake...
 * 4) Inn (JE | ) House of entertainment for travelers. In the Bible references are made to lodging-places ("malon") where caravans or parties...
 * 5) Innocent III (Lothario Conti) (JE | ) Pope from 1198 to 1216; born at Anagni in 1161; elected June 8, 1198; died July 17, 1216. A Roman writer said of him, "Thy...
 * 6) Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi) (JE | ) Pope from 1676 to 1689; born at Como in 1611; elected Sept. 21, 1676; died Aug. 12, 1689. That the Jews were not excluded...
 * 7) Innsbruck (JE | ) Capital of Tyrol, Austria. While Jews settled throughout Tyrol, especially in the southern part, as early as the beginning...
 * 8) Inquisition (JE | ) Court for the punishment of heretics and infidels, established as early as the reigns of the emperors Theodosius and Justinian...
 * 9) Insanity (JE | ) Mental disease. Among the Jews the proportion of insane has been observed to be very large. From statistics collected by Buschan...
 * 10) Inscriptions, Greek, Hebrew (JE | ) -- See P29: Paleography
 * 11) Insects (JE | ) Under this head are treated the species not described in separate articles under their individual names, as Ant; Bee; Beetle...
 * 12) Inspiration (JE | ) the state of being prompted by or filled with the spirit of God. Bezaleel was "filled with the spirit of God" (Ex. xxxi. 3...
 * 13) Installation (JE | ) -- See O119: Ordination
 * 14) Institut zur F& (JE | ) Society, founded by Ludwig Philippson, for the promotion of Jewish literature. The books published by the society were issued...
 * 15) Institutions (JE | ) See TakKanot.
 * 16) Institutum Judaicum JE (JE | ) A special academic course for Protestant theologians who desire to prepare themselves for missionary work among Jews. The...
 * 17) Instrument (JE | ) -- See D203: Deed
 * 18) Instrument (JE | ) -- See M1021: Music and Musical Instruments
 * 19) Insurance (JE | ) -- See E554: Expectation of, Life
 * 20) Intelligencers (JE | ) Persons who supply intelligence or secret information; Stuart English for "spies." A number of crypto-Jews in London supplied...

161 – 180

 * 1) Intention (JE | ) An intelligent purpose to do a certain act. In criminal cases wrongful intent must accompany the wrongful act in order to...
 * 2) Interest (JE | ) -- See U58: Usury
 * 3) Intermarriage (JE | ) Marriage between persons of different races or tribes. A prohibition to intermarry with the Canaanites is found in Deut. vii...
 * 4) Intermediate Days (JE | ) -- See H860: Holy Days
 * 5) Intestacy (JE | ) -- See A900: Agnates
 * 6) Invocation (JE | ) A form of praise or blessing greatly in vogue in medieval Hebrew literature. In ancient times the invocation was an essential...
 * 7) Ionia (JE | ) -- See J176: Javan
 * 8) Iowa (JE | ) One of the north-central states of the American Union. A part of the Louisiana Purchase (1803), it was incorporated successively...
 * 9) Ireland (JE | ) An island west of Great Britain, forming part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The earliest mention of...
 * 10) Ir ha-Heres (JE | ) -- See H622: Heres
 * 11) Irkutsk (JE | ) -- See S678: Siberia
 * 12) Iron (JE | ) the invention of the art of working in brass and iron is ascribed to Tubal-cain (Gen. iv. 22), and thus placed in prehistoric...
 * 13) Ir-shemesh (JE | ) A city of Dan, mentioned with Shaalabbin and Ajalon (Josh. xix. 41-42). Its parallel name in Judges (i 35, Hebr.) is "Har-&#7716...
 * 14) Isaac (JE | ) Second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah. He was the child of a miracle, for at the time of his birth his mother, hitherto...
 * 15) Isaac (JE | ) Member of the embassy sent in 797 by Charlemagne to Harun al-Rashid, calif at Bagdad, probably as interpreter for the ambassadors...
 * 16) Isaac b. Abba Mari (JE | ) French codifier; born in Provence about 1122; died after 1193 (in Marseilles ?). Isaac&#39;s father, a great rabbinical authority...
 * 17) Isaac Abendana (JE | ) -- See A238: Abendana, Isaac
 * 18) Isaac ben Abraham Ancona al-Kustantini (JE | ) Italian Talmudist; lived at Ancona in the first half of the eighteenth century. He carried on a scientific correspondence...
 * 19) Isaac ben Abraham ha-Gorni (JE | ) Proven&#231;al poet; lived at Luc in the second half of the thirteenth century. He is known in Hebrew literature under the...
 * 20) Isaac ben Abraham of Neustadt (JE | ) Dutch cabalist; lived at Amsterdam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was an assistant rabbi at Amsterdam, where...

181 – 200

 * 1) Isaac ben Abraham of Posen (JE | ) Polish rabbi and author; died in Posen 1685. He was the pupil of R. Jonah Teomim, author of "Kikayon de-Yonah...
 * 2) Isaac of Acco (JE | ) -- See I239: Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
 * 3) Isaac ben Asher II (JE | ) Tosafist, apparently of the beginning of the thirteenth century. He is quoted by Mordecai b. Hillel (M. K No. 504),...
 * 4) Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi (Riba) JE (JE | ) Tosafist; lived at Speyer in the eleventh century; son-in-law of Eliakim ben Meshullam and pupil of Rashi. His are the earliest...
 * 5) Isaac (abu Jacob) bar Bahlul (JE | ) Karaite scholar; lived at the end of the eleventh, or at the beginning of the twelfth, century. Two decisions of his have...
 * 6) Abu Ibrahim Isaac ibn Barun (JE | ) -- See A664: Ibn Barun, Abu Ibrahim Is&#7717;a&#7731;
 * 7) Isaac the Blind (Isaac ben Abraham of Posqui&) (JE | ) French cabalist; flourished in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Isaac is considered the founder of the Cabala; or, rather...
 * 8) Isaac de Castro (JE | ) -- See C254: Castro
 * 9) Isaac ben Eleazar ha-Levi (JE | ) German Talmudist and liturgical poet; flourished at Worms; died, according to Abraham Zacuto ("Yuchasin ha-Shalem," p...
 * 10) Isaac ben Eliakim of Posen (JE | ) German moralist and author; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was the author of "Leb Tob" (Prague...
 * 11) Isaac ben Eliezer (JE | ) Ethical writer at Worms; flourished from 1460 to 1480. He attended the lectures of Moses ben Eliezer ha-Darshan (Zunz, "Z...
 * 12) Isaac ben Eliezer ha-Levi (JE | ) Spanish grammarian of the fourteenth century. He was the author of "Sefer ha-Rikmah," a grammatical treatise still extant...
 * 13) Isaac ben Elijah Sheni (Shani) (JE | ) Turkish rabbi; lived at Constantinople in the first half of the sixteenth century. The name "Sheni" is followed by the letters...
 * 14) Isaac of Evreux (JE | ) French rabbinical scholar and Biblical commentator; flourished in the thirteenth century. His authority was invoked by Mordecai...
 * 15) Isaac ibn Gabbai (JE | ) -- See G1: Gabbai
 * 16) Abu Ibrahim Isaac ibn Halfon (JE | ) Spanish poet of the eleventh century. According to Moses ibn Ezra&#39;s treatise on poetry (Neubauer, "Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS...
 * 17) Isaac ben Hayyim ben Abraham ha-Kohen (JE | ) Italian exegete; lived successively at Bologna, Jesi, Recanati, and Rome, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was...
 * 18) Isaac ben Hayyim of Volozhin (JE | ) Russian Talmudist; born at Volozhin, government of Wilna; died at Ivenitz, government of Minsk, June 16, 1849. Isaac was a...
 * 19) Isaac ben Isaac (JE | ) French tosafist of the second half of the thirteenth century; mentioned in Tos. Naz. 16b; identical, according to Gross and...
 * 20) Isaac Israeli (JE | ) -- See I323: Israeli, Isaac ben Solomon

201 – 220

 * 1) Jacob Isaac (Isachok) (JE | ) Court physician to King Sigismund I. of Poland; son of Abraham of Jerusalem; died at Kazimierz, a suburb of Cracow, about...
 * 2) Isaac (Eisak) ben Jacob Haber (JE | ) Rabbi at Tikotzyn and Suwalki, Poland; lived in the first half of the nineteenth century. He wrote: "Bet YizCha&#7731...
 * 3) Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan JE (JE | ) Tosafist and liturgical poet; flourished at Prague in the twelfth century; the brother of the traveler Pethahiah of Regensburg...
 * 4) Isaac ben Jacob the Levite (JE | ) Rabbi and cantor at Venice; born in 1621. He was the son of a cabalist and a grandson of Judah de Modena, whose "Bet Yehudah"...
 * 5) Isaac ibn Jasos ibn Saktar (JE | ) Spanish grammarian; born 982; died at Toledo about 1057-58. He is identified by Steinschneider with the physician Is&#7717...
 * 6) Johann Levita Isaac (JE | ) German professor of Hebrew; born 1515; died at Cologne 1577. At first a rabbi at Wetzlar, he was baptized as a Protestant...
 * 7) Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil JE (JE | ) French ritualist; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was the son-in-law of R. Jehiel ben Joseph of...
 * 8) Isaac (Eisak) ben Joshua ben Abraham of Prague (JE | ) Physician and parnas of Prague in the sixteenth century. He was the author of "&#39;Olat YizChak" a collection...
 * 9) Isaac Joshua ben Immanuel de Lattes (JE | ) Italian Talmudist and publisher: born at Rome at the end of the fifteenth century: died at Ferrara about 1570. He was the...
 * 10) Isaac ben Judah (JE | ) Talmudist of the twelfth century; teacher of Solomon ben Isaac (Rashi). He was a native of Lorraine ("Ha-Pardes," 35a), but...
 * 11) Isaac ben Judah ha-Levi (JE | ) French exegete and tosafist; lived at Sens, probably, in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was the pupil of &#7716...
 * 12) Isaac ben Judah L& (JE | ) Rabbi at Offenbach in the first half of the eighteenth century. He wrote "Be&#39;er YizChak," a commentary...
 * 13) Isaac ben Judah ben Nathanael of Beaucaire (JE | ) Liturgic poet of the early part of the thirteenth century. Zunz credits him with thirty-eight synagogal hymns, most of them...
 * 14) Isaac ha-Kohen of Manosque (JE | ) French Talmudist of the first half of the fourteenth century; rabbi at Manosque, in the department of Basses-Alpes. He is...
 * 15) Isaac ha-Kohen of Narbonne (JE | ) French Talmudist; lived in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; a disciple of Abraham ben David of Posqui&#232;res. He was...
 * 16) Isaac ha-Kohen of Ostrog (JE | ) Russian rabbi; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was the author of a work entitled "Mattenot &#39;Ani,"...
 * 17) Isaac de Leon JE (JE | ) One of the last rabbis of Castile; lived at Toledo. He was a native of Leon, and a pupil of Isaac Campanton, and, like Moses...
 * 18) Isaac Leon ben Eliezer ibn Zur Sefardi (JE | ) Rabbi at Ancona in the first half of the sixteenth century. He belonged to a Spanish family which settled in Italy after the...
 * 19) Isaac ben Levi of Provence (JE | ) French liturgical poet; flourished in the twelfth century. Among the piyyu&#7789;im for New-Year&#39;s Day contained in the...
 * 20) Isaac ben Levi ben Saul of Lucena (JE | ) Spanish grammarian and liturgical poet; flourished in the first half of the eleventh century; a contemporary of Isaac Gikatilla...

221 – 240

 * 1) Isaac ha-Levi of Worms (JE | ) -- See I189: Isaac b. Eleazar ha-Levi
 * 2) Marc Jacob Isaac (JE | ) French educationist and writer; born March 10, 1828, at Niederhomburg, near Saargem&#252;nd, Lorraine. After attending the...
 * 3) Isaac b. Me& (JE | ) -- See D512: Dueren, Isaac b. Me&#239;r
 * 4) Isaac ben Me& (JE | ) French liturgical poet of the first half of the twelfth century. He is mentioned as a liturgical poet by Joseph Kara...
 * 5) Isaac ben Melchizedek of Siponto (JE | ) Italian rabbi and Talmudist; lived about 1110-70; born in Siponto, a seaport of Apulia and an ancient seat of Jewish learning...
 * 6) Isaac b. Menahem the Great (JE | ) French Talmudist; flourished in the second half of the eleventh century. Isaac, who lived at Orl&#233;ans, was a pupil of...
 * 7) Isaac ben Merwan ha-Levi JE (JE | ) French Talmudist; flourished in the first third of the twelfth century; elder son of Merwan of Narbonne. As highly respected...
 * 8) Isaac ben Mordecai Gershon (JE | ) Talmudist of the fifteenth century. He was the author of "Shelom Ester," a commentary on the scroll of Esther (Constantinople...
 * 9) Isaac ben Mordecai ha-Levi (JE | ) Rabbi of Lemberg; died in Cracow 1799. His father was chief of the yeshibah at Lemberg, and Isaac himself officiated as rabbi...
 * 10) Isaac ben Moses Eli (ha-Sefardi) (JE | ) Spanish mathematician of the fifteenth century; born at Oriola, Aragon. According to Steinschneider, he may have been one...
 * 11) Isaac ben Moses of Vienna JE (JE | ) German halakist, a descendant of a learned family; probably born in Bohemia; lived about 1200-70. He mentions as his teachers...
 * 12) Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus JE (JE | ) French philosopher and controversialist; lived at Arles, perhaps at Avignon also, and in other places, in the fourteenth and...
 * 13) Isaac ben Noah Cohen Shapira (JE | ) Polish rabbi; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; grandson of Hirsh and teacher of Joel Sirkes. He received...
 * 14) Isaac of Norwich (Isaac b. Eliab) JE (JE | ) English financier of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was among the Jews imprisoned by King John in 1210 ("Select...
 * 15) Isaac Pulgar (JE | ) -- See I207: Ibn Pulgar (Polgar, Polkar), Isaac ben Joseph.
 * 16) Isaac b. Reuben Albargeloni (Albarceloni) (JE | ) Spanish Talmudist and liturgical poet; born at Barcelona in 1043. He was a judge in the important community of Denia, where...
 * 17) Isaac ben Samson ha-Kohen (JE | ) Bohemian Talmudist; died May 30, 1624, in Prague. He was assistant rabbi and magistrate of the community, and was son-in-law...
 * 18) Samuel Isaac (JE | ) Promoter of the Mersey Tunnel, near Liverpool, England; born at Chatham, England, 1812; died in London Nov. 22, 1886. He went...
 * 19) Isaac ben Samuel of Acre JE (JE | ) Palestinian cabalist; flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. According to Azulai ("Shem ha-Gedolim,"s.v.)...
 * 20) Isaac ben Samuel ha-Levi (JE | ) Polish rabbi; born at Vladimir, government of Volhynia, Russia, about 1580; died before 1646. He was the elder brother and...

241 – 260

 * 1) Isaac ben Samuel of Narbonne (JE | ) French scholar; flourished in the first half of the twelfth century. He is quoted in an anonymous commentary to Chronicles...
 * 2) Isaac ben Samuel ha-Sefardi (JE | ) Spanish Biblical exegete; flourished in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. From his commentary, which is written in Arabic...
 * 3) Isaac ben Samuel ha-Zaken JE (JE | ) French tosafist and Biblical commentator; flourished at Ramerupt and Dampierre in the twelfth century. He died, according...
 * 4) Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat (Ribash) JE (JE | ) Spanish Talmudic authority; born at Valencia in 1326; died at Algiers in 1408. He settled early in life at Barcelona, where...
 * 5) Isaac ibn Sid (Zag; &) JE (JE | ) Spanish astronomer; flourished at Toledo in the second half of the thirteenth century. From the surname "ha&#7716;azzan,"...
 * 6) Isaac ben Solomon (JE | ) Liturgical poet; lived in Germany in the first half of the fourteenth century; author of the selichah "Ani hu ha-Geber...
 * 7) Isaac ben Solomon ha-Kohen (JE | ) Biblical commentator; lived at Constantinople in the middle of the sixteenth century. He was the author of a commentary on...
 * 8) Isaac ben Todros (JE | ) Spanish rabbi and Talmudist toward the end of the thirteenth century. He was the teacher of Shem-Tob ibn Gaon and Nathan...
 * 9) Isaac b. Todros (JE | ) French physician at Avignon during the second half of the fourteenth century. In 1373 he was the pupil of the astronomer Immanuel...
 * 10) Isaac Tyrnau (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi and ritualist; flourished in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He was a pupil of Abraham Klausner of...
 * 11) Abram Samuel Isaacs (JE | ) American rabbi, professor, and editor; born in New York city Aug. 30, 1852. He was educated at New York University (B.A. 1871...
 * 12) Sir Henry Aaron Isaacs (JE | ) Former Lord Mayor of London; born in that city Aug. 15, 1830. For a quarter of a century he labored in the best interests...
 * 13) Isaac A Isaacs (JE | ) Australian statesman and jurist; born at Melbourne, Victoria, Aug. 6, 1855; educated at Melbourne University, and admitted...
 * 14) Jacob Isaacs (JE | ) American inventor of the colonial and revolutionary period; died 1798. He was resident in Newport in 1755 ("Publications Am...
 * 15) Myer Samuel Isaacs (JE | ) American lawyer; born in New York city May 8, 1841; educated at the University of New York. He was admitted to the bar of...
 * 16) Nathaniel Isaacs (JE | ) African traveler; born in England 1808; died after 1840. He left England in 1822 for St. Helena, where his uncle was consul...
 * 17) Rebecca Isaacs (JE | ) English actress and singer; born in London June 26, 1828; died there April 21, 1877. Her father, John Isaacs, an actor and...
 * 18) Samuel Hillel Isaacs (JE | ) American calendarer; born 1825 at Raczek, Poland; educated under Judah Bacharach, Moses Leib of Kutna, and others; emigrated...
 * 19) Samuel Myer Isaacs (JE | ) Rabbi and journalist; born at Leeuwarden, Holland, Jan. 4, 1804; died in New York city May 19, 1878. His father, on the approach...
 * 20) Isabella I (JE | ) -- See F109: Ferdinand and Isabella

261 – 280

 * 1) Isaiah >> Isaiah in rabbinic literature JE (JE | ) the greatest of the Hebrew prophets of whom literary monuments remain. He resided at Jerusalem, and so contrasts with Micah...
 * 2) Book of Isaiah (JE | ) Ch. i.: One of the finest specimens of prophetic rhetoric known. It is in its present form a general prophecy, full of edification...
 * 3) Ascension of Isaiah (JE | ) Apocryphal book, consisting of three different parts, which seem originally to have existed separately; one is of Jewish,...
 * 4) Isaiah ben Abba Mari (JE | ) French rabbi of the second half of the fourteenth century; famous for his controversies and for the divisions he caused among...
 * 5) Isaiah ben Abraham (JE | ) Polish rabbi of the seventeenth century; author of "Be&#39;er He&#7789;eb," a commentary on Shulchan &#39;Aruk, Ora&#7717...
 * 6) Isaiah Berlin (JE | ) -- See B855: Berlin, Isaiah b. (Judah) Loeb
 * 7) Isaiah Menahem ben Isaac (JE | ) Rabbi of Cracow; died Aug. 16, 1599. At first chief of the yeshibah of Szezebrscyn, government of Lublin, Poland, he was later...
 * 8) Isaiah (Ben Elijah) di Trani (The Younger) JE (JE | ) Italian Talmudist and commentator; lived in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. He was the grandson, on his mother&#39...
 * 9) Isaiah (Ben Mali) di Trani (The Elder; Rid) JE (JE | ) Prominent Italian Talmudist; born about 1180. He originated in Trani (Conforte, "Kore ha-Dorot," p. 15a), an ancient...
 * 10) & (JE | ) -- See I275: Is&#7717;a&#7731; ben Ya&#39;&#7731;ub Obadiah Abu &#39;Isa al-Isfahani
 * 11) Iscariot (JE | ) -- See J671: Judas Iscariot
 * 12) Barbu Iscovescu (JE | ) Rumanian painter; born 1816 at Bucharest; died Oct. 24, 1854, at Constantinople. The son of a house-painter, he served his...
 * 13) Ise (Isi, Jose) ben Judah (JE | ) Palestinian tanna of the second century; contemporary of Simeon ben Yochai and of R. Me&#239;r. Bacher thinks it probable...
 * 14) Ishak ibn & (JE | ) Karaite scholar of the eleventh century. The "Chronicle" of ibn al-Hiti contains a warm eulogy of the scholarly attainments...
 * 15) Ishak ben Ya& (JE | ) Persian founder of a Jewish sect and "herald of the Messiah"; lived at the time of the Ommiad calif &#39;Abd al-Malik ibn...
 * 16) Ish-bosheth (JE | ) Fourth and youngest son of Saul, and, as the sole male survivor in direct line of descent, his legitimate successor to the...
 * 17) Ishmael (JE | ) Eldest son of Abraham by his concubine Hagar; born when Abraham was eighty-six years of age (Gen. xvi. 15, 16). God promised...
 * 18) Ishmael b. Abraham ha-Kohen (JE | ) Talmudic scholar and author; chief rabbi of Modena; born 5484 (=1724); died 5571 (=1811). He was recognized as a profound...
 * 19) Ishmael of Akbara (JE | ) Founder of the Jewish sect of Akbarites; flourished in the time of the calif al-Mu&#39;ta&#7779;im (833-841). He was a native...
 * 20) Ishmael b. Elisha JE (JE | ) Tanna of the first and second centuries (third tannaitic generation). He was a descendant of a wealthy priestly family in...

281 – 300

 * 1) Ishmael ben Johanan ben Baroka (JE | ) Tanna of the second century (fourth tannaitic generation); contemporary of Simon b. Gamaliel II. These two rabbis are often...
 * 2) Ishmael ben Jose ben Halafta JE (JE | ) Tanna of the beginning of the third century. Ishmael served as a Roman official together with Eliezer b. Simon, and was instrumental...
 * 3) Ishmael ben Kimhit (Kamhit, v06p650002jpg) (JE | ) High priest under Agrippa I.; probably identical with Simon, son of &#922;&#940;&#956;&#953;&#952;&#959;&#962; (or &#922;&#940...
 * 4) Ishmael, son of Nethaniah (JE | ) -- See G106: Gedaliah
 * 5) Ishmael ben Phabi (Fiabi) II (JE | ) High priest under Agrippa II.; not to be identified (as by Gr&#228;tz and Sch&#252;rer) with the high priest of the same name...
 * 6) Lazard Isidor (JE | ) Chief rabbi of France; grandson, on his mother&#39;s side, of Hirsch Katzenellenbogen, chief rabbi of Upper Alsace; born at...
 * 7) Isidorus Hispalensis (JE | ) Archbishop of Seville; flourished in the sixth and seventh centuries. He presided over the fourth Council of Toledo, called...
 * 8) Isis (JE | ) Egyptian deity, at whose instigation, it was alleged, the Jews were forced to leave Egypt. Cheremon, the enemy of the Jews...
 * 9) Islam >> Islamic – Jewish relations JE (JE | ) Arabic word denoting "submission to God"; the name given to the religion of Mohammed and to the practises connected therewith...
 * 10) & (JE | ) Jewish convert to Islam; lived at Ceuta, Morocco, in the first half of the fourteenth century. He wrote an Arabic work against...
 * 11) Meyer Isler (JE | ) German philologist; born Dec. 14, 1807, at Hamburg; died there Aug. 19, 1888; studied philology at the universities of Bonn...
 * 12) Ispahan (JE | ) City in the district of Jabal, Persia, situated on the Zendarud. The Jews pretend to have founded Ispahan, saying that it...
 * 13) Israel (JE | ) -- See B410: Jacob
 * 14) Kingdom of Israel (JE | ) in the article People of Israel the history of the Northern Kingdom in its wider relations is briefly set forth; here the...
 * 15) People of Israel (JE | ) in the Bible "Israel" is the national name of the people who are known racially as "Hebrews." in the tribal condition no comprehensive...
 * 16) Israel (JE | ) First "Hochmeister" (chief rabbi) of Germany; lived at the beginning of the fifteenth century. He was called to this office...
 * 17) Israel (JE | ) An Eastern family of rabbis and authors whose members dwelt in Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Rhodes, where they held important...
 * 18) Israel of Bamberg (JE | ) Tosafist; flourished about the middle of the thirteenth century. He was a pupil of Samuel of Bamberg, to whose rabbinate he...
 * 19) Israel Bruna ben Hayyim (JE | ) German rabbi of the fifteenth century. He was at first rabbi of Br&#252;nn, and after the expulsion of the Jews from that...
 * 20) Edward Israel (JE | ) American arctic explorer; born July 1, 1859, at Kalamazoo, Mich.; died May 27, 1884; educated at the University of Ann Arbor...

301 – 320

 * 1) Hayyim Abraham Israel (JE | ) Italian rabbi of the eighteenth century; lived at Candia and Ancona. He wrote: (1) "Bet Abraham" (Leghorn, 1786), a casuistical...
 * 2) Israel Isser ben Ze&#39;eb Wolf (JE | ) Russian rabbi; lived at Vinnitsa, Podolia, in the nineteenth century. He wrote: "Sha&#39;ar Mishpa&#7789;," novell&#230; on...
 * 3) Israel Isserlein (JE | ) -- See I365: Isserlein Israel ben Pethahiah Ashkenazi
 * 4) Jacob Israel (JE | ) Russian rabbi and author; flourished 1623-78. He is said to have been born in Temesvar, and to have been rabbi in Belzyce...
 * 5) James Israel (JE | ) German physician; born at Berlin Feb., 1848; M.D. Berlin, 1870. Settling in the German capital, he became in 1875 assistant...
 * 6) Jedidiah Israel (JE | ) Rabbi at Alexandria, Egypt, from 1802 to 1827; died 1827; son of Israel Israel, who had held the rabbinate from 1773 to 1784...
 * 7) Israel ben Jehiel Ashkenazi (JE | ) Italian rabbi; lived at the end of the fifteenth and in the early part of the sixteenth century. He was corrector of the edition...
 * 8) Israel Joshua of Kutno (JE | ) Russian-Polish rabbi; died at Kutno, in the government of Warsaw, July 11, 1893, at an advanced age. He studied in the yeshibah...
 * 9) Israel Kohen ben Joseph (JE | ) Polish scholar; lived in the second half of the sixteenth century. He edited the anonymous philosophical work "She&#39;elot...
 * 10) Israel of Krems JE (JE | ) Austrian rabbi; flourished in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He was the great-grandfather of Israel ben Pethahiah...
 * 11) Israel ben Me& (JE | ) Printer and author; lived at Prague in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was the author of a work entitled "Hanhagot...
 * 12) Israel b. Moses (JE | ) Polish cabalist; lived at the end of the sixteenth century. He is known only through his book "Tamim Yachdaw," in which...
 * 13) Israel ben Moses ha-Levi of Zamosc (JE | ) Galician scholar; born at Boberka at the beginning of the eighteenth century; died at Brody April, 1772. His father instructed...
 * 14) Oskar Israel (JE | ) German physician; born at Stralsund Sept. 6, 1854; educated at the universities of Leipsic, Kiel, and Berlin (M.D. 1877)....
 * 15) Israel b. Pethahiah (JE | ) -- See I365: Isserlein, Israel ben Pethahiah Ashkenazi
 * 16) Israel Salante (JE | ) -- See L440: Lipkin, Israel
 * 17) Israel ben Samuel Ashkenazi of Shklov JE (JE | ) Talmudic casuist; born at Shklov about 1770; died at Tiberias May 13, 1839. One of a group of Talmudical scholars of Shklov...
 * 18) Israel Samuel ben Solomon (JE | ) Polish Talmudic and halakic author of . About 1620 he lived in Cracow. His father, a physician, was of Spanish origin. Israel...
 * 19) Israel ben Shabbethai of Kozienice (JE | ) Hasidic rabbi, cabalist, and thaumaturge; born at Kozienice, government of Radom, Russian Poland, about 1745; died in 1815...
 * 20) Israel ben Uri Shraga (JE | ) German tosafist of the thirteenth century; died before 1298. Little is known of his life or of his family. He was a pupil...

321 – 340

 * 1) Israel of Valabregue (JE | ) French Talmudist of the first half of the fourteenth century. He lived apparently at Tarascon, and was among the small number...
 * 2) Isaac ben Joseph (The Younger) Israeli JE (JE | ) Spanish astronomer; flourished at Toledo in the first half of the fourteenth century. He was a pupil of Asher ben Jehiel,...
 * 3) Isaac ben Solomon Israeli (Abu Ya&) JE (JE | ) African physician and philosopher; born in Egypt before 832; died at Kairwan, Tunis, in 932. These dates are given by most...
 * 4) Israel Israeli (JE | ) Spanish scholar; died at Toledo 1326; probably identical with Israel ben Joseph of Toledo, brother of the astronomer Isaac...
 * 5) Israelik (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 6) Der Israelit (JE | ) Biweekly periodical published in Galicia since 1868. It is the organ of the Shomer Yisrael Association of Lemberg, of which...
 * 7) Der Israelit (JE | ) Formerly, a weekly, now a semiweekly journal published at Mayence, Germany. It was founded in 1860 by M. Lehmann and edited...
 * 8) Der Israelit des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (JE | ) Periodical published in Germany in the first half of the nineteeth century. It first appeared, from Oct., 1839, up to Oct...
 * 9) Israelite-Christians (Izrailskiye Christiyanye) (JE | ) to encourage the conversion of Jews to Christianity, the Committee of Guardians for Israelite-Christians was established in...
 * 10) Isra& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 11) Israelitisch-Theologische Lehranstalt (JE | ) Rabbinical and teachers&#39; seminary in Vienna, founded 1893 at the suggestion of Wilhelm and David von Guttmann and with...
 * 12) Israelitische Allianz zu Wien (JE | ) Society for the promotion of Jewish interests, founded at Vienna in 1872 by Joseph Ritter von Wertheimer, and modeled on the...
 * 13) Israelitische Annalen (JE | ) Weekly journal; published in Frankfort-on-the-Main. The first number appeared Jan. 4, 1839; it discontinued publication Dec...
 * 14) Israelitische Bote (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 15) Israelitische Gemeindeblatt (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 16) Israelitische Gemeinde- und Familienzeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 17) Israelitische Gemeinde- und Schulzeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 18) Israelitische Gemeindezeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 19) Israelietische Jaarboekje (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 20) Israelitische Lehrer (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals

341 – 360

 * 1) Israelitische Lehrer Und Kantor (JE | ) -- See J701: J&#252;dische Presse
 * 2) Israelitische Lehrerzeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 3) Israelietische Letterbode (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 4) Israelitische Merkur (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 5) Israelietische Nieuwsbode (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 6) Israelitische Schul- und Predigermagazin (JE | ) Monthly periodical, published in Magdeburg by Ludwig Philippson. It first appeared in 1834, and continued up to the end of...
 * 7) Israelitische Schulzeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 8) Israelitische Volksblatt (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 9) Israelitische Volkslehrer (JE | ) Monthly, published at Frankfort-on-the-Main. It was founded in 1851, and continued to 1862. It was edited by Leopold Stein...
 * 10) Israelitische Wochenschrift f& (JE | ) Weekly journal, published at Breslau and later at Magdeburg. The first number appeared Jan. 5, 1870; the last toward the close...
 * 11) Israelitischer Haus- und Schulfreund (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 12) Israelitischer Lehrerbote (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 13) Israelitischer Musenalmanach (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 14) Israelitischer Neuigkeitsbote (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 15) Israelitulu Romanul (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 16) Abraham Hartog Israels (JE | ) Dutch medical historian; born at Groningen March 27, 1822; died at Amsterdam. Jan. 16, 1883; educated at the university of...
 * 17) Israel& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 18) Joseph Israels (JE | ) Dutch genre painter; born at Groningen, Holland, June 27, 1824. It was his mother&#39;s desire that he should enter the rabbinate...
 * 19) Issa (JE | ) -- See A2038: Jose
 * 20) Issachar (JE | ) Ninth son of Jacob and fifth of Leah, born a considerable length of time after her other children (Gen. xxx. 17, 18; comp...

361 – 380

 * 1) Tribe of Issachar (JE | ) A tribe of Israel, descended from Issachar. The numbers accredited to Issachar are: 54,400 in Num. i. 29; 64,300 in Num. xxvi...
 * 2) Issachar B& (JE | ) Russian rabbi; born (in Grodno ?) 1779; died at Wilna July 31, 1855. He became one of the "more Zedek" ("dayyanim")...
 * 3) Issachar Dob ben Jacob Joshua (JE | ) Rabbi of Podhajee, Galicia; born at Lisko, Galicia, 1712; died in Berlin Oct. 28, 1744. His father was the author of "Pene...
 * 4) Issachar ben Issachar Cohen Gersoni (JE | ) Bohemian printer and author; lived in Prague in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In 1691 he was employed at F&#252...
 * 5) Israel ben Pethahiah Ashkenazi Isserlein (Isserlin) (JE | ) the foremost Talmudic authority of Germany in the first half of the fifteenth century; born in the last decade of the fourteenth...
 * 6) Moses ben Israel (Rema) Isserles (JE | ) Polish rabbi, code annotator, and philosopher; born at Cracow about 1520; died there May 1, 1572. His father was a rich and...
 * 7) Issi (Isi, Issa) (JE | ) -- See I273: Ise and Jose.
 * 8) Istria (JE | ) A small peninsula at the northern end of the Adriatic Sea, having about 320,000 inhabitants, of whom 285 are Jews. Ethnographically...
 * 9) Italy >> History of the Jews in Italy JE (JE | ) Kingdom of southern Europe, with a total population of about 32,000,000, in which there are about 34,653 Jews (1901). This...
 * 10) Ithamar (JE | ) Youngest son of Aaron by Elisheba (Ex. vi. 23). Together with his father and three brothers he was consecrated to the priesthood...
 * 11) Itil (JE | ) -- See A2076: Atel
 * 12) Itinerant mendicant (JE | ) -- See S344: Schnorrer
 * 13) Itinerant Teachers (JE | ) -- See S385: Ba&#7717;ur
 * 14) Iturea JE (JE | ) Greek name of a province, derived from the Biblical "Jetur," name of a son of Ishmael (comp. Gen. xxv. 15, 16). The name of...
 * 15) Itze (Isaac) of Chernigov JE (JE | ) Russian scholar of the twelfth century, frequently consulted by his contemporaries on questions of Biblical exegesis. He is...
 * 16) Itzig (JE | ) Wealthy German family which did much in the eighteenth century for the development of modern culture among the Jews. Babette...
 * 17) Ivan III, Vassilivich, the Great >> Khozi Kokos JE(JE | ) Czar of Russia 1462-1505. His attitude toward the Jews was friendly. Under his reign the Jew Skhariyah (Zechariah), who arrived...
 * 18) Ivan IV, Vassilivich, the Terrible (JE | ) When the Russian army occupied the flourishing Polish city of Polotzk, which at that time (1563) had a prosperous Jewish community...
 * 19) Ivisa (JE | ) See Balearic Islands.
 * 20) Ivory (JE | ) the Hebrew word for ivory, i.e., "shen" (= "tooth"), shows that the Israelites knew what ivory was. The other term used to...

381 – 400

 * 1) Iwre-Teutsch (JE | ) -- See J586: Jud&#230;o-German
 * 2) Ixar (Hijar) (JE | ) Town in Aragon, Spain, 62 miles to the northeast of Teruel. Here were printed by Eliezer Alantansi two parts of the Spanish...
 * 3) Iyyar (JE | ) the second month in the Jewish calendar, consisting always of twenty-nine days, and falling between the tenth of April and...
 * 4) Izates JE (JE | ) Proselyte; King of Adiabene; son of Queen Helena and Monobaz I.; born in the year 1 of the common era; died in 55. While in...
 * 5) Izban (JE | ) -- See E317: Elon
 * 6) Izraelita (JE | ) Jewish weekly in the Polish language, published in Warsaw since 1865. It was the successor of the Jutrzenka. At the beginning...
 * 7) Izraelita K& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 8) Izraelita Magyar N& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals