Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/S2

501 – 520

 * 1) Set-off (JE | ) Effort of a defendant to set up a cause of action against a plaintiff, to the end that the judgment of the court may satisfy...
 * 2) Seth (JE | ) According to Gen. iv. 25, 26 and v. 3-8, Seth was the third son of Adam. He was born after Cain had murdered Abel and when...
 * 7|Seven (JE | ) -- See N366: N&#250;mbers and Numerals
 * 1) Severin (JE | ) -- See M246: Masorah
 * 2) Alexander Severus (JE | ) -- See A1153: Alexander Severus
 * 3) Julius Severus (JE | ) Roman general; consul in 127. Later he held a number of offices in the provinces, and was legate of Dacia, M&#339;sia, and...
 * 4) Lucius Septimius; Severus (JE | ) Emperor of Rome from 193 to 211 C.E. At the beginning of his reign he was obliged to war against his rival, Pescennius Niger...
 * 5) Seville (JE | ) Capital of the former kingdom of Seville; after Madrid the greatest and most beautiful city of Spain. The community of Seville...
 * 6) Sexton (JE | ) -- See S551: Shammash
 * 7) Julius Africanus Sextus (JE | ) Byzantine chronographer, noted for his surprisingly lucid interpretations of some Biblical questions; flourished in the first...
 * 8) Sfax (JE | ) -- See T361: Tunis
 * 9) Abraham Sfej (JE | ) Rabbinical author; born at Tunis in the early part of the eighteenth century; died at Amsterdam in 1784, while discharging...
 * 10) Sforno JE (JE | ) Italian family, many members of which distinguished themselves as rabbis and scholars. The most prominent of these were the...
 * 11) Sha& JE (JE | ) Fabric consisting of a mixture of wool and linen, the wearing of which is forbidden by the Mosaic law (Lev. xix. 19; Deut...
 * 12) Jeshua Shababo (V11p213001jpg) (JE | ) Egyptian scribe and rabbi; lived in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. His teachers were Rabbis Abraham ha-Levi...
 * 13) Shabbat (JE | ) Treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds; devoted chiefly to rules and regulations for the Sabbath. The Scriptural...
 * 14) Shabbat ha-Gadol (JE | ) the Sabbath preceding Passover. The designation "great" for this Sabbath is mentioned by Rashi (11th cent.), and is due to...
 * 15) Shabbat Goy (JE | ) the Gentile employed in a Jewish household on the Sabbath-day to perform services which are religiously forbidden to Jews...
 * 16) Shabbat Nahamu (JE | ) First Sabbath after the Ninth of Ab; so called because the haf&#7789;arah begins with the words: "Nachamu, nachamu...
 * 17) Shabbat Shubah (JE | ) the Sabbath between Rosh ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur; so called from the first words of the haf&#7789;arah read on that day,...

521 – 540

 * 1) Shabbethai b. Abraham b. Joel (JE | ) -- See D439: Donnolo
 * 2) Shabbethai Be& (Fonte) (JE | ) Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; author of "Be&#39;er &#39;Esek" (Venice, 1674), a collection of 112 responsa...
 * 3) Shabbethai ben Isaac (JE | ) Talmudist and grammarian; born at Lublin, Poland; lived at Przemysl in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; teacher of...
 * 4) Shabbethai Judah Isaac ben Levi (JE | ) -- See J659: Judah ibn Shabbethai
 * 5) Shabbethai b. Me& (Shak) (JE | ) Russian Talmudist; born at Wilna 1621; died at Holleschau on the 1st of Adar (Rishon), 1662. In 1633 he entered the yeshibah...
 * 6) Shabbethai ben Moses (JE | ) Halakist and liturgical poet; flourished at Rome in the first half of the eleventh century. of his halakic decisions only...
 * 7) Shabbethai ben Moses ha-Kohen (JE | ) Rabbi of Semeez (Semetch), near Tikoczin, Russia, in the first half of the eighteenth century. He edited "Minchat Kohen"...
 * 8) Shabbethai Nawawi (JE | ) Rabbi and scholar of the end of the seventeenth century; lived in Rosetta, Egypt. He was a contemporary of Abraham b. Mordecai...
 * 9) Shabbethai Raphael (JE | ) Shabbethaian agitator of the seventeenth century; a native of Morea. About 1667 Shabbethai Raphael was in Italy, where he...
 * 10) Shabbethai b. Solomon (JE | ) Rabbi and scholar; lived at Rome in the second half of the thirteenth century. In the controversy regarding the study of philosophy...
 * 11) Shabbethai Zebi b. Mordecai (JE | ) Pseudo-Messiah and cabalist; founder of the Shabbethaian sect; born on the Ninth of Ab (July 23, 1626) at Smyrna; died, according...
 * 12) Shabu& (JE | ) -- See F125: Festivals
 * 13) Shadchan (JE | ) Marriage-broker. The verb "shadak" ("meshaddekin"), referring to the arrangements which two heads of families made between...
 * 14) Shaddai (JE | ) -- See N52: Names of God
 * 15) Shadrach (JE | ) Name given by the chief of the eunuchs to Hananiah (Dan. i. 7 et passim). Various theories as to its etymology have been put...
 * 16) Shaḥar Avakeshkha (JE | ) Morning hymn written about 1050 by Solomon ibn Gabirol (Zunz, "Literaturgesch." p. 188), whose name appears in an acrostic...
 * 17) Shalom Shakna (JE | ) Polish Talmudist; born about 1510; died at Lublin Oct. 29, 1558. He was a pupil of Jacob Pollak, founder of the method of...
 * 18) Isaac ha-Kohen Shalal (Sholal) (JE | ) Head ("nagid") of the community of Cairo, Egypt, in succession to his uncle Nathan ha-Kohen Shalal; died, according to Gr&#228...
 * 19) Shalet (Sholent) (JE | ) -- See C761: Cookery in Eastern Europe
 * 20) Abraham Leib Shalkovich (JE | ) -- See B624: Ben-Avigdor

541 – 560

 * 1) Shallum (JE | ) King of Israel who dethroned Zechariah, the last of Jehu&#39;s dynasty, and succeeded him. He was in turn dethroned by Menahem...
 * 2) Shalmaneser (JE | ) King of Assyria from 727 to 722 B.C.; successor, and possibly son, of Tiglath-pileser III. According to II Kings xvii. 3-6...
 * 3) Abraham ben Isaac ben Judah ben Samuel Shalom (JE | ) Italian scholar and theologian; died in 1492. In his "Neweh Shalom" (1574) he places Scriptural and Talmudic knowledge far...
 * 4) Shalom ben Joseph Shabbezi (Salim al-Shibzi) (JE | ) Yemenite poet and cabalist; flourished toward the end of the seventeenth century at Ta&#39;iz, a city ten days&#39;...
 * 5) Shalom of Vienna (JE | ) Austrian rabbi; lived at Wiener-Neustadt in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was distinguished for Talmudic learning...
 * 6) Shamgar JE (JE | ) One of the Judges; son of Anath. He smote 600 Philistines with an ox-goad and saved Israel (Judges iii. 31). During his judgeship...
 * 7) Shamhazai (JE | ) Name of a fallen angel. According to Targ. pseudo-Jonathan on Gen. vi. 4, "nefilim" (A. V. "giants") denotes the two angels...
 * 8) Shamir (JE | ) Term designating a hard stone in the Targums, but in the Bible thrice (Jer. xvii. 1; Ezek. iii. 9; Zech. vii. 12) connoting...
 * 9) Shammai JE (JE | ) Scholar of the first century B.C. He was the most eminent contemporary and the halakic opponent of Hillel, and is almost invariably...
 * 10) Shammaites (JE | ) -- See B956: Bet Hillel and Bet Shammai
 * 11) Shammash (JE | ) Communal and synagogal officer whose duties to some extent correspond with those of the verger and beadle. In Talmudical times...
 * 12) Shanghai (JE | ) Chinese city. The first Jew who arrived there was Elias David Sassoon, who, about the year 1850, opened a branch in connection...
 * 13) Shangi (JE | ) Turkish family many members of which distinguished themselves as rabbis and scholars. Astruc ben David Shangi:   Rabbi at...
 * 14) Shaphan (JE | ) Son of Azaliah and scribe of King Josiah. He received from Hilkiah, the high priest, the book of the Law which had been found...
 * 15) Isaiah Me& (JE | ) Polish-German rabbi and author; born at Memel, Prussia, July 28, 1828; died at Czortkow, Galicia, Jan. 9, 1887. He is said...
 * 16) M W Shapira (JE | ) Polish purveyor of spurious antiquities; born about 1830; committed suicide at Rotterdam March 11, 1884. He appears to have...
 * 17) Aryeh L& (JE | ) Polish rabbi and grammarian; born 1701; died at Wilna April, 1761. He went to Wilna in his childhood, and married a daughter...
 * 18) Constantin Shapiro (JE | ) Russian photographer and Hebrew poet; born at Grodno, Russia, 1841; died in St. Petersburg March 23, 1900. He obtained his...
 * 19) Sharon (JE | ) Large plain of Palestine, with an average elevation of between 280 and 300 feet above sea-level; bounded by Mount Carmel on...
 * 20) Moses Aaron Shatzkes (JE | ) Russian Hebrew author; born at Karlin 1825; died at Kiev Aug. 24, 1899. He received a general as well as a Hebrew education...

561 – 580

 * 1) Shaving (JE | ) the Mosaic law prohibits shaving the corners of the head and of the beard (Lev. xix. 27), the priests being particularly enjoined...
 * 2) She-heheyanu (JE | ) the benediction "Blessed be the Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who has kept us alive ["she-hecheyanu"] and sustained...
 * 3) Shealtiel Hem (JE | ) -- See G403: Gracian, Shealtiel (&#7716;en)
 * 4) Shear-jashub (JE | ) Son of the prophet Isaiah; so named by his father as a prophecy that God would restore the Remnant of His people or that "the...
 * 5) Sheba (JE | ) -- See S20: Sabeans
 * 6) Queen of Sheba (JE | ) Monarch of a south-Arabian tribe, and contemporary with Solomon, whom she visited. The Queen of Sheba, hearing of the wisdom...
 * 7) Sheba& (JE | ) Designation of the following seven populous Jewish communities in the counties of Oedenburg (Sopron) and Wieselburg (Mosony)...
 * 8) Shebarim (JE | ) -- See S653: Shofar
 * 9) Shebat (JE | ) Eleventh ecclesiastical and fifth civil month of the Jewish year (Zech. i. 7); I Macc. xvi.), corresponding to January-February...
 * 10) Shebi& (JE | ) Treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Palestinian Talmud. It belongs to the order Zera&#39;im, in which it stands fifth, and...
 * 11) Shebna (JE | ) Chamberlain of the king&#39;s palace, the office being filled also by Jotham (II Kings xv. 5). Shebna may be identified with...
 * 12) Shebu& (JE | ) Treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds, dealing chiefly with the various forms of the oath. In most of the editions...
 * 13) Shechem (JE | ) City of central Palestine; called Sichem in Gen. xii. 6, A. V.; Shalem, according to some commentators, ib. xxxiii. 18; Sychem...
 * 14) Shedim (JE | ) -- See D245: Demonology
 * 15) She& (JE | ) the pizmon or responsory hymn in the Selichot of the fast of the Seventeenth of Tammuz, the "fast of the fourth month"...
 * 16) She&#39;elot U-teshubot (JE | ) the Hebrew designation for the "responsa prudentium," connoting the written decisions and rulings given by eminent rabbis...
 * 17) Sheep (JE | ) the most usual terms for the sheep are "seh" and "kebes" ("keseb"); "kar" (Deut. xxxii. 14; Isa. lviii. 7) denotes the young...
 * 18) Sheepfold (JE | ) -- See S616: Shepherd
 * 19) Shefar& (JE | ) Place in Palestine, three hours distant from Haifa, governed by a mudir. In the second century it served as a refuge for the...
 * 20) Shefelah (JE | ) -- See P31: Palestine

581 – 600

 * 1) Sheftall (Sheftail) (JE | ) American family, well known in Georgia, members of which are at present living in Savannah. Benjamin Sheftall:   American...
 * 2) Shehitah (JE | ) the ritual slaughtering of animals. While the practise that prevailed among the nations of antiquity other than the Hebrews...
 * 3) Pavel Vasilyevich Shein (JE | ) Russian ethnographer; born in 1826; died at Riga Aug. 14, 1900. He studied at the University of Moscow, and after conversion...
 * 4) Sheitel (JE | ) -- See W174: Wig
 * 5) Shekalim (JE | ) Treatise of the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and the Jerusalem Talmud, dealing with the half-shekel tax which was imposed for defraying...
 * 6) Shekanzib (JE | ) Small town near Nehardea, in Persia, perhaps identical with al-Zib on the Tigris, and possibly with (&#39;Er. 64a, MS. reading)...
 * 7) Shekel (JE | ) Name of (1) a weight and of (2) a silver coin in use among the Hebrews. 1. Weight:   It has long been admitted that the Israelites...
 * 8) Shekinah (JE | ) the majestic presence or manifestation of God which has descended to "dwell" among men. Like Memra (= "word"; "logos") and...
 * 9) Shela (Rav Shela) JE (JE | ) Babylonian teacher of the latter part of the tannaitic and the beginning of the amoraic period; head of the school ("sidra")...
 * 10) Shelah (JE | ) Youngest son of Judah by the daughter of the Canaanite Shuah; born in Chezib in the shephelah of Judah. His extreme youth...
 * 11) Sheliah Zibbur (JE | ) Congregational messenger or deputy or agent. During the time of the Second Temple it was the priest who represented the congregation...
 * 12) Shem (JE | ) the eldest of Noah&#39;s sons, according to the position and sequence of the names wherever all three are mentioned together...
 * 13) Shem ha-Meforash (JE | ) Ancient tannaitic name of the Tetragrammaton. The exact meaning of the term is somewhat obscure; but since the Tetragrammaton...
 * 14) Shem-Tob ben Abraham ibn Gaon JE (JE | ) Spanish Talmudist and cabalist; born at Soria, Spain, 1283; died, probably in Palestine, after 1330. From his genealogy given...
 * 15) Shem-Tob de Carrion (JE | ) -- See S236: Santob (Shem-&#7788;ob) de Carrion
 * 16) Shem-Tob ben Isaac of Tortosa JE (JE | ) Spanish scholar and physician of the thirteenth century; born at Tortosa 1196. He engaged in commerce, and his business necessitated...
 * 17) Shem-Tob (ben Joseph) ibn Shem-Tob (JE | ) -- See I46: Ibn Shem-&#7788;ob, Shem-&#7788;ob (ben Joseph?)
 * 18) Shem-Tob ibn Palquera (JE | ) -- See F12: Falaquera (Palquera), Shem-&#7788;ob ben Joseph
 * 19) Shema& (JE | ) Initial word of the verse, or chapter, recited as the confession of the Jewish faith. Originally, the "Shema&#39;" consisted...
 * 20) Shema&#39; Koli (JE | ) Opening hymn of the services on the eve of Atonement in the Sephardic ritual, preceding Kol Nidre. It consists of twenty-nine...

601 – 620

 * 1) Shemaiah (JE | ) Prophet in the reign of Rehoboam. He was commissioned to dissuade the king from waging war against the Northern Kingdom after...
 * 2) Shemaiah (Sameas, Samaias) JE (JE | ) Leader of the Pharisees in the first century B.C.; president of the Sanhedrin before and during the reign of Herod. He and...
 * 3) Shemaiah b. Simeon Zebi (JE | ) Scholar of the seventeenth century, of whose life no other details are known than that he was the author of "Mazref...
 * 4) Shemaiah of Soissons JE (JE | ) Scholar of the twelfth century; a pupil of Rashi. He was the author of the following works: (1) "Sodot" or "Midrash," notes...
 * 5) Shemaiah of Troyes (JE | ) Tosafist of the early part of the twelfth century; a pupil of Rashi; probably the father-in-law of Samuel b. Me&#239;r. He...
 * 6) Shemana (Semana) (JE | ) Scholarly and prominent family of Tunis. Samuel b. Joseph Shemana:   Rabbi of Tunis, whose family subsequently settled at...
 * 7) Shemariah ben Elhanan JE (JE | ) Head of the yeshibah of Cairo, Egypt, about the end of the tenth century. Abraham b. David ("Sefer ha-Kabbalah," in...
 * 8) Shemariah b. Mordecai JE (JE | ) German tosafist of the first half of the twelfth century; pupil of the tosafist Isaac b. Asher. He was considered an especially...
 * 9) Shemariah of Negropont JE (JE | ) -- See I93: I&#7731;ri&#7789;i, Shemariah
 * 10) Shemini &#39;Azeret (JE | ) Eighth day of Sukkot, "&#39;azeret" being the name given to it in Lev. xxiii. 36; Num. xxix. 35; Neh. viii. 18; II Chron...
 * 11) Shemittah (JE | ) -- See S18: Sabbatical Year and Jubilee
 * 12) Shemoneh & (JE | ) Collection of benedictions forming the second&#8212;the Shema&#39; being the first&#8212;important section of the daily prayers...
 * 13) Shemot Rabbah JE (JE | ) -- See M587: Midrsash Haggadah
 * 14) Sheol (JE | ) Hebrew word of uncertain etymology (see Sheol, Critical View), synonym of "bor" (pit), "abaddon" and "shachat" (pit or...
 * 15) Shephatiah (JE | ) Name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament. 1. Son of David and Abital; their fifth child. He was born while his...
 * 16) Shepherd (JE | ) in the early days of settlement in Palestine the chief occupation of the Israelites was that of shepherding. Traces of the...
 * 17) Sherira b. Hanina (JE | ) Gaon of Pumbedita; born about 900; died about 1000 (Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Kabbalah," in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i...
 * 18) Sheshbazzar (JE | ) Prince of Judah, at the head of the first Jews that returned to Jerusalem after the Exile. In 539-538 B.C. Cyrus granted the...
 * 19) Sheshet JE (JE | ) Babylonian amora of the third generation; colleague of R. Nachman bar Jacob, with whom he had frequent arguments concerning...
 * 20) Sheshet Benveniste JE (JE | ) -- See B777: Benveniste

621 – 640

 * 1) Shetadlan (JE | ) Representative of the Jewish community in Germany during the Middle Ages, and in Russia almost to the present day. When the...
 * 2) Shetar (JE | ) For the conditions under which these were drawn up in ancient times see Deed. In medieval times the same principles were carried...
 * 3) Shib& (JE | ) -- See M972: Mourning
 * 4) Shibboleth (JE | ) Word occurring in different passages of the Bible, sometimes in the singular form, sometimes in the plural,, and once in...
 * 5) Shield (JE | ) Like most peoples of antiquity, the Israelites used two kinds of shields&#8212;a large one which covered the whole body and...
 * 6) Shield of David (JE | ) -- See M38: Magen Dawid
 * 7) Shiggayon (JE | ) Term used as the superscription of Ps. vii. 1, and, in the form, of Hab. iii. 1, although the Septuagint evidently reads...
 * 8) Shila of Kefar Tamarta JE (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the third century. In Palestinian sources he is called only by his personal name, but in the Babylonian...
 * 9) Shiloah (JE | ) Locality mentioned in the Old Testament as "the waters of Shiloah" (Isa. viii. 6) and "the pool of Siloah" (Neh. iii. 15)...
 * 10) Shiloh (JE | ) City of Ephraim, where were placed, after the settlement in Palestine, the Ark and the sanctuary of Yhwh at which the family...
 * 11) Shimei JE (JE | ) Benjamite of Bahurim, son of Gera, "a man of the family of the house of Saul" (II Sam. xvi. 5-14, xix. 16-23; I Kings ii....
 * 12) Shin (JE | ) Twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name appears to be connected with "shen" = "tooth" (see Alphabet). The sign...
 * 13) Shinar (JE | ) Name for Babylonia occurring eight times in the Old Testament. In Gen. x. 10 the beginning of Nimrod&#39;s kingdom is said...
 * 14) Shinnuy ha-Shem (JE | ) the custom of changing a person&#39;s name, as a tribute to his achievements, or as a sign that his condition will be improved...
 * 15) Ship, Ship-builder, and Shipping (JE | ) -- See N139: Navigation
 * 16) Shir ha-Shirim (Canticles) Rabbah JE (JE | ) Haggadic midrash on Canticles, quoted by Rashi under the title "Midrash Shir ha-Shirim" (commentary on Cant. iv. 1, viii....
 * 17) Shir ha-Shirim (Canticles) Zuta JE (JE | ) Midrash, or, rather, homiletic commentary, on Canticles; referred to in the various Yalku&#7789;im and by the ancient...
 * 18) Shirah Hadashah (JE | ) A passage which illustrates the influence of the Midrash on the development of synagogal music. The Biblical prescription...
 * 19) Perek (Pirke) Shirah (JE | ) Chapter of song and praise to God by heavenly and earthly bodies, and by plants and dumb creatures. It is composed of Scriptural...
 * 20) Shiraz (JE | ) City of Persia; capital of the province of Fars. It was founded by Mohammed, brother of Al-&#7716;ajjaj, in the year 74 of...

641 – 660

 * 1) Shishak (Sheshonk I) (JE | ) the first king of the twenty-second dynasty of Egypt. His grandfather, Sheshonk, descendant of a Libyan soldier, married...
 * 2) Saul b. Judah L& (JE | ) Polish rabbinical scholar; died in Wilna, at an advanced age, March 28, 1797. He is chiefly known as the author of "Shebil...
 * 3) Shittah-tree (JE | ) -- See A709: Acacia
 * 4) Shittim (JE | ) Valley north of the Dead Sea on the left bank of the Jordan, in which the children of Israel, before their entry into the...
 * 5) Shittim-wood (JE | ) -- See A709: Acacia
 * 6) Shi& (JE | ) Esoteric work on the dimensions of the body of God and of His several members. It exists apparently only in fragments, the...
 * 7) Shklov (JE | ) Town in the government of Moghilef, Russia; situated on the right bank of the Dnieper. Jews settled there at an early period...
 * 8) Isaac Vladimirovich Shklovski (JE | ) Russian journalist; born at Yelisavetgrad in 1865. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town, and at the age of...
 * 9) Shkud (JE | ) Russian town in the government of Kovno, situated at the confluence of the rivers Bortava and Liwba. The earliest written...
 * 10) Shneor Zalman ben Baruch (JE | ) Leader of the rational &#7716;asidim called "&#7716;aBaD" (acrostic formed from "&#7716;okmah," "Binah," "De&#39;ah" = "Wisdom...
 * 11) Shobach (JE | ) Captain of the army of Hadarezer, King of Aram, who was defeated and slain by David at Helam (II Sam. x. 16-18). According...
 * 12) Shoe (JE | ) For the greater part, among the ancient Hebrews, the shoe consisted merely of a sole of leather or, less often, of wood, supported...
 * 13) Shofar (JE | ) the ancient ritual horn of Israel, representing, next to the &#39;Ugab or reeds, the oldest surviving form of wind-instrument...
 * 14) The Shofar (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 15) Shofet (JE | ) -- See J688: Judge
 * 16) Shofet Kol ha-Arez (JE | ) Important Pizmon of six verses, each ending with a phrase from Num. xxviii. 23. Being signed with the acrostic "Shelomoh,"...
 * 17) Shoham (JE | ) -- See B449: Bdellium
 * 18) Shohet (JE | ) the Talmudic regulations for slaughtering remained unchanged until the sixteenth century. Then, however, Joseph Caro in the...
 * 19) Shomer Ziyyon ha-Ne& (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 20) Shomron Kol Titten (JE | ) Dramatic elegy by Solomon ibn Gabirol, sung at the conclusion of the order of Kinot according to the Polish ritual,...

661 – 680

 * 1) Shophach (JE | ) -- See S651: Shobach
 * 2) Showbread JE (JE | ) Twelve cakes, with two-tenths of an ephah in each, and baked of fine flour, which were ranged in two rows (or piles) on the...
 * 3) Samuel Edward Shrimski (JE | ) New Zealand politician; born at Posen, Prussia, 1828; died at Auckland, New Zealand, June 25, 1902. In 1847 he went to London...
 * 4) Shroud (JE | ) Robe in which the dead are arrayed for burial. The shroud is made of white linen cloth ("sadin," the &#963;&#953;&#957;&#948...
 * 5) Shulamite (JE | ) Principal character in the Song of Songs (A. V. Song of Solomon), although mentioned there in one passage only (vii. 1 [A...
 * 6) Shulhan & (JE | ) -- See C188: Caro, Joseph
 * 7) Samuel Shullam JE (JE | ) Jewish physician and historian; flourished in the second half of the sixteenth century. He was of Spanish descent, and after...
 * 8) Naphtali Herz Shulman (JE | ) Russian Hebrew author; born at Stary Bychow; died at Amsterdam about 1830. He edited Mussafia&#39;s "Zeker Rab" (Shklov, 1797)...
 * 9) Abraham Shuman (JE | ) American merchant and philanthropist; born in Prussia May 31, 1839. While still a child he accompanied his parents to the...
 * 10) Shumla (JE | ) City of Bulgaria. According to local tradition there was not a Jew at Shumla until about 1780; but in that year a pasha of...
 * 11) Shelomo Salem Shurrabi (JE | ) &#7716;akam of the Beni-Israel community of Bombay; born at Cochin at the end of the eighteenth century; died at Bombay April...
 * 12) Shushan (JE | ) Ancient capital of Susiana or Elam, and the winter residence of the kings of Persia; situated between the Choaspes (modern...
 * 13) Shushan (Susa) Purim (JE | ) Name given to the day which follows Purim&#8212;i.e., to the 15th of Adar, on which day, according to the Book of Esther (ix...
 * 14) Judah L& (JE | ) Russian scholar; lived at Shklov in the nineteenth century. He was the author of "Ozar ha-Shemot," a concordance of...
 * 15) Shylock (JE | ) Character in Shakespeare&#39;s play the Merchant of Venice." Shylock is represented as making a wager with Antonio, a merchant...
 * 16) Leon Judah Aryeh (Nasr Al Din) Si&#39;a (V11p317001jpg) (JE | ) Physician in Constantinople, and a friend of Jewish science; lived before 1633. He translated Judah ha-Levi&#39;s "Cuzari"...
 * 17) Sibbechai (JE | ) Captain under David who came from the town of Shushan, near Ephrath-Bethlehem. He distinguished himself by overcoming a Philistine...
 * 18) Siberia (JE | ) Russian territory in northern Asia, extending from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and from the Arctic Sea to the...
 * 19) Siblonot (JE | ) Talmudic term for gifts presented to a bride by the bridegroom or by the parents. According to some authorities, the word...
 * 20) Sibyl (JE | ) Woman who prophesied, while in a state of frenzy, under the supposed inspiration of a deity. In the Jewish sense of persons...

681 – 700

 * 1) Sicarii JE (JE | ) Term applied, in the decades immediately preceding the destruction of Jerusalem, to the jewish Zealots who attempted to expel...
 * 2) Jules Sichel (JE | ) French oculist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1802; died at Paris Nov. 14, 1868. He studied medicine at Berlin (M. D. 1825)...
 * 3) Nathaniel Sichel (JE | ) German painter; born at Mayence Jan. 8, 1843. He studied in Munich at the Royal Academy of Art (1859-62) under Julius Schrader...
 * 4) Sicily (JE | ) Large island in the Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Italy, to which it belongs and from which it is separated by the Strait...
 * 5) Visiting the sick (JE | ) to visit the sick in order to show them sympathy, cheer them, and aid and relieve them in their suffering is declared by the...
 * 6) Sid, Sidi (JE | ) Common family name among Eastern Jews, borne by several rabbinical authors. Abraham Moses Sid:   Servian rabbinical author...
 * 7) Vale of Siddim (JE | ) the etymology of "Siddim" is uncertain (see G. A. Smith, "Historical Geog. of the Holy Land," p. 503), though Targ. On&#7731...
 * 8) Siddur (JE | ) -- See P497: Prayer-Books
 * 9) Sidon (JE | ) -- See S689: &#7826;idon
 * 10) Simon Sidon (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi and author; born at Nadas Jan. 23, 1815; died at Tyrnau Dec. 18, 1891. His father came from Kanitz in Moravia...
 * 11) Sidra (JE | ) Term, the original meaning of which is "order" or "arrangement," frequently used in both Talmuds to denote a section of the...
 * 12) Isaac ben David Siebenberger (JE | ) Russian Hebraist; died at Warsaw April 2, 1879. He occupied himself especially with apocryphal literature, his translations...
 * 13) Henry Siegel (JE | ) American merchant; born at Eubigheim, Germany, March 17, 1852. At the age of fifteen he emigrated to the United States and...
 * 14) Karl Siegfried (JE | ) German Protestant theologian; born at Magdeburg Jan. 22, 1830; died at Jena Jan. 9, 1903. In 1875 he became professor of theology...
 * 15) Gottlieb Siesby (JE | ) Danish poet and editor; born in Copenhagen May 4, 1803; died there Nov. 28, 1884; brother of Oskar Siesby. His first publication...
 * 16) Oskar Siesby (JE | ) Danish philologist; born in Ebeltoft, Jutland, July 19, 1833; brother of Gottlieb Siesby. He graduated from the University...
 * 17) Sifra JE (JE | ) Halakic midrash to Leviticus. It is frequently quoted in the Talmud, and the study of it followed that of the Mishnah, as...
 * 18) Sifre JE (JE | ) Midrash to Numbers and Deuteronomy (for the title "Sifre debe Rab" see R. Hananeel on Sheb. 37b, Alfasi on Pes. x., and Rashi...
 * 19) Sifre Zuta JE (JE | ) A peculiar midrash to Numbers, of especial interest for the study of the Halakah. Its authenticity is wrongly questioned by...
 * 20) Sifroni b. Israel (JE | ) -- See S513: Sforno

701 – 720

 * 1) Sifte Yeshenim (JE | ) -- See B401: Bass, Shabbethai
 * 2) Sigmaringen (JE | ) -- See H843: Hohenzollern
 * 3) Sign (JE | ) -- See M650: Miracle
 * 4) Signature (JE | ) Usually a writer inscribes his name at the end of a writing as a certification of authorship or as an indication that he accepts...
 * 5) Sihin (JE | ) Large and populous city in the territory of the tribe of Zebulon, near Sepphoris. After the destruction of Jerusalem it lost...
 * 6) Sihon (JE | ) Amoritic king of the east-Jordan country, whose kingdom extended from the Arnon in the south to the Jabbok in the north, and...
 * 7) Silas UNR (JE | ) A Jew who made himself tyrant of Lysias, a district of the Lebanon. Pompey subjugated him, together with other petty rulers...
 * 8) Eliezer Lipman Silberman (JE | ) German rabbi and Hebrew journalist; born in K&#246;nigsberg, Prussia, Sept. 7, 1819; died in Lyck, Prussia, March 15, 1882...
 * 9) Adolf Silberstein (&) (JE | ) Hungarian art critic and writer; born at Budapest July 1, 1845; died there Jan. 12, 1899. After graduating from the gymnasium...
 * 10) Michael Silberstein (JE | ) German rabbi; born at Witzenhausen, Hesse-Nassau, Nov. 21, 1834; educated in his native town, in Hanover, at the Jewish Theological...
 * 11) Solomon Silberstein (JE | ) American philosophical writer; born at Kovno, Russia, March 10, 1845. Educated privately, he received the rabbinical diploma...
 * 12) Silesia (JE | ) Province of Prussia, formerly of Austria. Unreliable accounts date the first settlement of Jews in Silesia as early as the...
 * 13) Siloam Inscription (JE | ) the inscription on the Siloam conduit; the earliest long ancient Hebrew inscription that has been found at Jerusalem&#8212...
 * 14) Antonio Jos& (JE | ) Portuguese poet; born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, May 8, 1705; died at the stake in Lisbon Oct. 19, 1739; son of Ja&#227;o...
 * 15) Francisco Maldonado de Silva (JE | ) Peruvian physician, controversial writer, and martyr; born in San Miguel, province of Tucuman, Peru, about 1592; burned at...
 * 16) Hezekiah Silva JE (JE | ) Jewish author; born at Leghorn in 1659; died at Jerusalem in 1698; son-in-law of the dayyan Mordecai Befael Malachi. About...
 * 17) Jo& (JE | ) Brazilian poet and attorney; born in Rio de Janeiro 1656; died at Lisbon Jan. 9, 1736. He took his degree in law at the University...
 * 18) Lucius Flavius Silva (JE | ) Governor of Judea in 73; consul in 81. He accomplished the difficult task of taking the fortress of Masada from the Sicarii...
 * 19) Samuel da Silva (JE | ) Physician of Portuguese birth who lived in Amsterdam in the beginning of the seventeenth century. He is known especially through...
 * 20) Silver (JE | ) -- See M516: Metals

721 – 740

 * 1) Joseph Silverman (JE | ) American rabbi; born at Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 25, 1860. Educated at the high school, the university (A.B. 1883), and the...
 * 2) Silversmith (JE | ) -- See G325: Goldsmiths and Silversmiths
 * 3) Abraham (Diego) Gomes Silveyra (Silveira) (JE | ) Poet and preacher; long resident in various French and Dutch towns, finally settling at Amsterdam. He was a member of the...
 * 4) Miguel de Silveyra (JE | ) Spanish poet; born in Celorico, Portugal, in the last third of the sixteenth century; died at Naples in 1638. He studied philosophy...
 * 5) Sima (Sama) (JE | ) Babylonian amora of the latter half of the fourth and of the beginning of the fifth century; son of Rab Ashi. He is known...
 * 6) Samuel Simchowitz (JE | ) Russian rabbinical writer; born in the beginning of the nineteenth century; died at Slutzk March, 1896. He possessed a thorough...
 * 7) Simeon REF:JE >> Simeon in rabbinic literature JE (JE | ) Second son of Jacob by Leah, and progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel; born at Padan-aram. In Gen. xxix. 33 the origin...
 * 8) Tribe of Simeon JE (JE | ) This tribe traces its descent from Simeon, second son of Jacob by Leah. He was the brother of Levi and Dinah, according to...
 * 9) Simeon DAB (JE | ) Tanna of the first generation; brother of Azariah and uncle of Eleazar ben Azariah. He is mentioned only once in the Mishnah...
 * 10) Simeon I UNR (JE | ) Son of Hillel and father of Gamaliel I. Nothing is known of him except his name and the fact that he was the successor of...
 * 11) Simeon II (Ben Gamaliel I) + (JE | ) President of the Great Sanhedrin at Jerusalem in the last two decades before the destruction of the Temple. Not merely a scholar...
 * 12) Simeon (Ben Gamaliel II) JE (JE | ) Tanna of the third generation, and president of the Great Sanhedrin. Simeon was a youth in Bethar when the bar Kokba war broke...
 * 13) Simeon b. Abba (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the third generation; pupil of &#7716;anina b. &#7716;ama, who esteemed him highly, and of Johanan, who...
 * 14) Simeon b. Absalom (JE | ) Amora the period of whose activity is not known. Only two haggadic sentences by him have been preserved. One, on Judges iv...
 * 15) Simeon b. & (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation. Only one of his haggadic sentences has been preserved, namely, that explaining Job xii. 12...
 * 16) Akiba Baer Simeon (JE | ) -- See A1029: Akiba Baer
 * 17) Simeon b. Boethus (JE | ) the first high priest of the family of Boethus in the Temple of Jerusalem. He was a native of Alexandria. He owed his appointment...
 * 18) Simeon ha-Darshan (JE | ) -- See K151: &#7730;ayyara, Simeon
 * 19) Simeon b. Eleazar (JE | ) Tanna of the fourth generation; probably a son of R. Eleazar b. Shammua&#39;. He was a pupil of R. Me&#239;r, whose sentences...
 * 20) Simeon b. Ezron JE (JE | ) One of the principals in the war of the Jews against the Romans in the year 66 of the common era, and a partizan of the leader...

741 – 760

 * 1) Simeon bar Giora (JE | ) -- See B233: Bar Giora, Simon
 * 2) Simeon b. Halafta (JE | ) One of the teachers of the transition period between the Tannaim and the Amoraim. He was a friend of &#7716;iyya, and is mentioned...
 * 3) Simeon he-Hasid (JE | ) Tanna; period of activity unknown. He is not mentioned in the Mishnah; and only one haggadic sentence of his has been preserved...
 * 4) Simeon b. Isaac b. Abun (JE | ) Prominent expounder of the Law and one of the most important liturgical writers of the tenth and eleventh centuries. He was...
 * 5) Simeon b. Jakim (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the third generation: pupil of R. Johanan, to whom he often addressed scholarly questions (Yer. &#39...
 * 6) Simeon b. Jehozadak (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the first generation; probably the teacher of Johanan, who has transmitted several halakic sayings of...
 * 7) Simeon b. Jose b. Lekonya (JE | ) Tanna of the fourth generation; contemporary of R. Judah ha-Nasi I. He was the brother-in-law of Eleazar b. Simeon, whose...
 * 8) Simeon ben Joseph of Lunel (JE | ) Talmudist of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. His Proven&#231;al name was En Duran. He was a native of Perpignan,...
 * 9) Simeon b. Judah (JE | ) Tanna of the fourth generation; a native of Kefar &#39;Ikos (comp. on this name H. Hildesheimer, "Beitr&#228;ge zur Geographie...
 * 10) Simeon b. Judah L& (JE | ) -- See P156: Peiser
 * 11) Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi I (JE | ) One of the teachers during the transition period between the Tannaim and the Amoraim. He was the younger son of Judah, and...
 * 12) Simeon the Just JE (JE | ) High priest. He is identical either with Simeon I. (310-291 or 300-270 B.C.), son of Onias I., and grandson of Jaddua, or...
 * 13) Simeon Kahira (JE | ) -- See K151: &#7730;ayyara, Simeon
 * 14) Simeon bar Kappara (JE | ) -- See B236: Bar &#7730;appara
 * 15) Simeon Kara JE (JE | ) -- See K103: &#7730;ara
 * 16) Simeon of Kitron (JE | ) Tanna of whom only one haggadic saying has been preserved. This is to the effect that it was on account of the bones of Joseph...
 * 17) Simeon b. Lakish JE (JE | ) One of the two most prominent Palestinian amoraim of the second generation (the other being his brother-in-law and halakic...
 * 18) Simeon b. Menasya (JE | ) Tanna of the fourth generation, and contemporary of R. Judah ha-Nasi I., with whom he engaged in a halakic discussion (Be&#7827...
 * 19) Simeon of Mizpah (JE | ) Tanna of the first generation; contemporary of R. Gamaliel I., together with whom he went to the bet din in the hall of hewn...
 * 20) Simeon ben Nanos (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation; contemporary of R. Ishmael and R. Akiba, with whom he often engaged in halakic discussions...

761 – 780

 * 1) Simeon b. Nethaneel (JE | ) Tanna of the first generation; pupil of R. Johanan b. Zakkai (Ab. ii. 8), and son-in-law of R. Gamaliel I. (Tosef., &#39;Ab...
 * 2) Simeon ha-Pakoli (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation; contemporary of R. Gamaliel II. at Jabneh. He arranged the eighteen benedictions of the daily...
 * 3) Simeon b. Pazzi (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the third generation. In Palestine he was called merely "Simon," this being the Greek form of his Hebrew...
 * 4) Simeon the Pious (JE | ) -- See S743: Simeon he-&#7716;asid
 * 5) Simeon ben Samuel (JE | ) Philosopher and cabalist of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; of French or German birth. He was the author of a work...
 * 6) Simeon ben Samuel of Joinville (JE | ) French tosafist and Biblical commentator of the thirteenth century. He is once referred to, erroneously, as Samson b. Samuel...
 * 7) Simeon ben ha-Segan (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation. Some halakic sayings of his have been preserved in the Mishnah, all of which have been transmitted...
 * 8) Simeon ben Shetah JE (JE | ) Teacher of the Law and president of the Sanhedrin during the reigns of Alexander Jann&#230;us and his successor, Queen Alexandra...
 * 9) Simeon Shezuri (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation and pupil of R. Tarfon (Men. 31a; Tosef., Demai, v. 22). He was called "Shezuri" after...
 * 10) Simeon of Shikmona (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation and pupil of Akiba. He was anative of Shikmona, a locality in the vicinity of Mt. Carmel...
 * 11) Simeon b. Tarfon (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation. Four exegetic sentences by him have been preserved: (1) "Ex. xxii. 11, &#39;Then shall an...
 * 12) Simeon of Teman (JE | ) Tanna of the second generation. He disputed with R. Akiba on a halakic sentence deduced from Ex. xxi. 18 (Tosef., Sanh. xii...
 * 13) Simeon b. Yannai (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the third century. He transmits a halakic saying of his father&#39;s which he had received from his sister...
 * 14) Simeon ben Yohai (JE | ) Tanna of the second century; supposed author of the Zohar; born in Galilee; died, according to tradition, at Meron, on the...
 * 15) Simeon b. Zabdai (Zebid) (JE | ) Palestinian amora of the third century; teacher of the son of Assi (Yer. Shab. 9a). A few of his interpretations of Scriptural...
 * 16) Simeon b. Zemah Duran (JE | ) -- See D526: Duran
 * 17) Simeonites (JE | ) -- See S728: Simeon, Tribe of
 * 18) Simferopol (JE | ) Capital of the government of Taurida, Russia, a city on the Salghir river, near Sebastopol. In the beginning of the nineteenth...
 * 19) Simhah (Freudemann) Ephraim ben Gershon ben Simeon ben Isaiah ha-Kohen (JE | ) Rabbi in Belgrade; born about 1622; died 1669. He succeeded his teacher Judah Lerma as rabbi at Belgrade, and wrote a preface...
 * 20) Simhah b. Gershom ha-Kohen Port Rapa (JE | ) -- See R105: Rapa (Portrapa), Sim&#7717;ah ben Gershom ha-Kohen

781 – 800

 * 1) Simhah b. Isaac b. Kalonymus ha-Kohen (JE | ) One of the Worms Jews who were killed by the pilgrims of the First Crusade on May 25, 1096. When his father, Mar Isaac, and...
 * 2) Isaac ben Moses Simhah (JE | ) -- See L636: Luzki
 * 3) Simhah of Rome JE (JE | ) Scholar and rabbi of the Roman community in the last quarter of the thirteenth century. He was given an open letter by the...
 * 4) Simhah b. Samuel of Speyer JE (JE | ) German tosafist of the thirteenth century. Neither the year of his birth nor that of his death is known. He took part in the...
 * 5) Simhah b. Samuel of Vitry JE (JE | ) French Talmudist of the eleventh and twelfth centuries; died in 1105. He was a pupil of Rashi and the compiler of the Vitry...
 * 6) Simhat Torah (JE | ) Name given to the second day of Shemini &#39;Azeret; it falls on the 23d of Tishri and closes the Feast of Sukkot. The...
 * 7) Simmlein of Halberstadt (JE | ) German Talmudist; rabbi at Halberstadt from 1620 to 1650. The period of his activity was practically coextensive with that...
 * 8) Laurence Mark Simmons (JE | ) English rabbi; born in London 1852; died at Manchester April 5, 1900. He was educated at the City of London School, proceeding...
 * 9) Simon (Simhah) Calimani (JE | ) -- See C51: Calimani, Sim&#7717;ah (Simon) ben Abraham
 * 10) Simon Cephas (JE | ) the first of the Twelve Apostles; the chief disciple of Jesus and head of the early Church. His life became at an early stage...
 * 11) Gustav Simon (JE | ) German surgeon; born at Darmstadt May 30, 1824; died at Heidelberg Aug. 28, 1876. He studied at Heidelberg and Giessen (M...
 * 12) Jean Henri Simon JE (JE | ) Belgian engraver and soldier; born at Brussels Oct. 28, 1752; died there March 12, 1834. He was a son of the engraver Jacob...
 * 13) Sir John Simon (JE | ) English sergeant at law and politician; born in Jamaica Dec. 9, 1818; died in London June 24, 1897. He was descended on the...
 * 14) Joseph Simon (JE | ) American lawyer and politician; born at Bechtheim, Hesse, Feb. 7, 1851. He accompanied his parents to Portland, Ore., in 1857...
 * 15) Joseph Simon (JE | ) Chief of the bureau of the Progressive communities of Hungary, and reporter on Jewish affairs in the Hungarian Ministry of...
 * 16) Simon the Just (JE | ) -- See S752: Simeon the Just
 * 17) Simon Maccabeus (JE | ) Hasmonean prince and high priest; died 135 B.C.; second son of Mattathias. In I Macc. ii. 3 he is called Thassi; in Josephus...
 * 18) Simon Magus (JE | ) A personage frequently mentioned in the history of primitive Christianity. According to Acts viii. 9-23, he was greatly fearedthroughout...
 * 19) Moritz Alexander Simon (JE | ) German banker and philanthropist; born at Hanover Nov. 27, 1837; died there 1905. Educated at his native town, he became associated...
 * 20) Oskar Simon (JE | ) German dermatologist; born at Berlin Jan. 2, 1845; died at Breslau March 2, 1882. Educated in his native city (M.D. 1868)...

801 – 820

 * 1) Lady Rachel Simon (JE | ) English authoress; born in London Aug. 1, 1823; died there July 7, 1899; daughter of Simeon K. Salaman and Alice Cowen. She...
 * 2) Richard Simon (JE | ) French scholar and Orientalist; born at Dieppe May 13, 1638; died there April 21, 1721. After studying at the Sorbonne he...
 * 3) Simon (Simedl, Simoncino) of Trent (JE | ) Child victim of an alleged ritual murder by the Jews of Trent. He was the son of Andreas Unverdosben, a cobbler, or tanner...
 * 4) Simonias (JE | ) A city in Galilee, about two hours southwest of Sepphoris. In the Talmud (Yer. Meg. 70a) it is identified with the Shimron...
 * 5) David Simons (jurist) (JE | ) Dutch jurist; born at the Hague Nov. 3, 1860. He studied law at the University of Leyden (J.U.D. 1883), and then established...
 * 6) David Jacob Simonsen (JE | ) Danish rabbi and author; born in Copenhagen March 17, 1853. He studied at the Von Westenske Institut in his native city, at...
 * 7) Joseph Levin Simonsen (JE | ) Danish jurist; born in Copenhagen Dec. 26, 1814; died there June 21, 1886. He was graduated from the University of Copenhagen...
 * 8) Sigmund Simonyi (JE | ) Hungarian linguist; born at Veszprim Jan. 1, 1853; studied at Esztergom, Budapest, Leipsic, Berlin, and Paris; he has embraced...
 * 9) Simson (JE | ) -- See S122: Samson
 * 10) Martin Eduard von Simson (JE | ) German jurist and statesman; born Nov. 10, 1810, at K&#246;nigsberg, East Prussia; died at Berlin May 22, 1899. Educated at...
 * 11) Simuna (Semona) (JE | ) Sabora of the second generation (Halevy, "Dorot ha-Rishonim," iii. 26); principal of the Academy of Pumbedita (520-540) while...
 * 12) Sin (JE | ) Under the Jewish theocracy, wilful disregard of the positive, or wilful infraction of the negative, commands of God as proclaimed...
 * 13) Sin (JE | ) Egyptian city mentioned in Ezek. xxx. 15 et seq.; probably the ancient frontier fortress of Pelusium (so cited in Jerome)...
 * 14) Sin (JE | ) -- See S632: Shin
 * 15) Sin-offering (JE | ) the sin-offering proper is a sacrifice consisting of either a beast or a fowl and offered on the altar to atone for a sin...
 * 16) Sinai (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 17) Mount Sinai (JE | ) Mountain situated in the desert of Sinai, famous for its connection with the promulgation of the Law by God through Moses...
 * 18) Sinaitic Commandments (JE | ) Halakot designated in the Mishnah and the Talmudim as "halakot le-Mosheh mi-Sinai," i.e., as having been transmitted from...
 * 19) Sindabar (JE | ) -- See S820: Sindbad
 * 20) Sindbad (JE | ) Collection of tales on the wiles of women, the enveloping action of which deals with the attempt of a step-mother on the life...

821 – 840

 * 1) Singapore (JE | ) Capital and seaport of the British dependency of Singapore. Jews commenced to settle in Singapore in 1840. For a number of...
 * 2) Edmund Singer (JE | ) Hungarian violinist; born at Totis, Hungary, Oct. 14, 1831; pupil successively of Ellinger, Ridley Kohne, and Joseph B&#246...
 * 3) Isidor Singer (JE | ) Austrian economist; born in Budapest Jan. 16, 1857; removed to Vienna with his parents in 1861. He studied mathematics and...
 * 4) Isidore Singer (JE | ) Austrian author and editor, and originator of the Jewish Encyclopedia; born in Weisskirchen, Moravia, Nov. 10, 1859; educated...
 * 5) Josef Singer (JE | ) Austrian cantor; born in Galicia Oct. 15, 1842. His father, an itinerant Chazzan, destined him for a theatrical career...
 * 6) Maximilian Singer (JE | ) Austrian botanist, zoologist, and author; born at Leipnik Feb. 6, 1857 (Ph.D. Vienna, 1883). He made a specialty of botany...
 * 7) Paul Singer (JE | ) German Social Democrat and deputy; born in Berlin Jan. 16, 1844. After having attended the real-school of his native city...
 * 8) Samuel Singer (philologist) (JE | ) Philologist; born in Vienna July 12, 1860; educated at the gymnasium and university of his native city (LL.D. 1884; Ph.D....
 * 9) Simeon Singer (JE | ) English rabbi; born in London 1848. He was educated at Jews&#39; College, received his rabbinical diploma in 1890, and has...
 * 10) Singer and Bass (JE | ) -- See M1022: Music, Synagogal
 * 11) Sinigaglia (JE | ) Italian family from Sinigaglia; later settled in Scandiano, where Solomon Jedidiah Sinigaglia ("Bet Talmud," iii. 205) was...
 * 12) Sinim (JE | ) -- See C461: China
 * 13) Joseph David Sinzheim JE (JE | ) First rabbi of Strasburg; born in 1745; died at Paris Feb. 11, 1812; son of R. Isaac Sinzheim of Treves and brother-in-law...
 * 14) Sippai (JE | ) Philistine giant, one of the sons of Rapha (A. V. "the giant"); slain at Gezer by Sibbechai the Hushathite, one of David&#39...
 * 15) Hasidic Sippurim (Ma&) (JE | ) Stories, legends, or tales related by, or of, the &#7716;asidic "rebbes" (rabbis)&#8212;the "Zaddikim," or "&#7731...
 * 16) The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (JE | ) Among the books of the Greek Bible is one entitled &#931;&#959;&#966;&#943;&#945; &#7992;&#951;&#963;&#959;&#8166; &#978;&#7985...
 * 17) Pseudo-Sirach (JE | ) -- See B654: Ben Sira, Alphabet of
 * 18) Solomon Sirillo (JE | ) Spanish Talmudist of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was one of the exiles of 1492, and settled at Safed, where...
 * 19) Joel b. Samuel Sirkes (JE | ) Polish rabbi; born at Lublin in 1561; died at Cracow, 1640. At the age of fourteen he was sent to the yeshibah of Solomon...
 * 20) Sisera (JE | ) General of the army of King Jabin of Hazor. According to Judges iv. 9 et seq., he invaded the northern part of Judea in the...

841 – 860

 * 1) Sisterhoods of Personal Service (JE | ) Associations of female charity-workers who devote time to the care of the needy and the distressed. A sermon delivered by...
 * 2) Siwan (JE | ) Third ecclesiastical and ninth civil month. It has thirty days, and coincides, approximately, with the Roman month of June...
 * 3) Sixtus Senensis (JE | ) Italian convert to Christianity and anti-Talmudic agitator; born at Sienna (whence his name) in 1520; died in 1569. After...
 * 4) Siyyum (JE | ) the formal ceremonial act of completing the writing of a scroll of the Law, or the formal conclusion of the study of a division...
 * 5) Skeptic >> Jewish skeptics JE (JE | ) in a specific sense, one who remains in a state of doubt, declaring all positive truth, religiousor philosophical, to be unattainable...
 * 6) Lazar Skreinka (JE | ) Hungarian scholar; lived in the middle of the nineteenth century. He devoted himself to teaching and became the principal...
 * 7) Damianus Skuteczky (JE | ) Hungarian genre and portrait painter; born at Kis-Gy&#246;r Feb. 9, 1850. After he had studied at the Kunstakademie under...
 * 8) Slander (JE | ) the Hebrew terms "&#39;alilot debarim" (occasions of speech) and "mozi&#39; shem ra&#39;" occur in connection with the...
 * 9) Slave-trade (JE | ) Trading in slaves was permitted by all ancient and medieval legislations; even Christian Europe allowed it down to the thirteenth...
 * 10) Slaves and Slavery >> Judaism and slavery REF:JE, Jews and the slave trade (JE | ) the Hebrew word "&#39;ebed" really means "slave"; but the English Bible renders it "servant" (a) where the word is used figuratively...
 * 11) Charles Sloman (JE | ) English composer, and singer of comic songs; born about 1808; died in London July 21, 1870. He composed "Sacred Strains and...
 * 12) Henry Sloman (JE | ) English actor; born in Rochester, England, 1793; died there Aug., 1873. He was a favorite comedian during Glossop&#39;s management...
 * 13) Benjamin Aaron b. Abraham Slonik (JE | ) Polish Talmudist; born about 1550; died after 1619. His signature appears invariably as "Benjamin Aaron ben Abraham ," the...
 * 14) Slonim (JE | ) District town in the government of Grodno, Russia; it became part of Lithuania in 1316. Jews probably lived in Slonim under...
 * 15) Hayyim Selig Slonimski (JE | ) Russian author, scientist, and inventor; born in Byelostok March 31, 1810; died in Warsaw May 15, 1904. Slonimski was the...
 * 16) Leonid Zinovyevich Slonimski (JE | ) Russian publicist; born in 1852; son of &#7716;ayyim Selig Slonimski. At the age of twenty he began contributing sociological...
 * 17) David Solomon Slouschz (JE | ) Russian rabbi and preacher; born at Odessa Sept. 11, 1852. Having received an elementary education in his native town, Slouschz...
 * 18) Nahum Slouschz (JE | ) Russian Hebrew litterateur; born at Odessa Nov., 1872. He was educated at the common school of his native city, and, in rabbinics...
 * 19) David Slutzki (JE | ) Hebrew scholar of Warsaw; died there between 1870 and 1880. Besides his edition of David Franco Mendes&#39; "Gemul &#39;Atalyah"...
 * 20) Small and Large Letters (JE | ) There are about 100 abnormal letters in the Masoretic text of the Bible&#8212;many of them in the Pentateuch&#8212;which were...

861 – 880

 * 1) Smol von Derenburch (Samuel of Derenburg) (JE | ) Court banker to the archbishops of Magdeburg in the fourteenth century; died after Oct. 5, 1382. In some of his financial...
 * 2) Smolensk (JE | ) Capital of the government of Smolensk, Russia; situated on the Dnieper, 250 miles west-southwest of Moscow. Jews resided there...
 * 3) Peter (Perez) ben Moses Smolenskin (JE | ) Russian writer; born at Monastyrshchina, government of Moghilef, Feb. 25, 1842; died at Meran, Austria, Feb. 1, 1885. At the...
 * 4) Smyrna (JE | ) Seaport of Asia Minor, in the Turkish vilayet of Aidin. The city had a Jewish population as early as the time of the martyrdom...
 * 5) Snail (JE | ) Rendering given in the English versions for "shabbelul," which occurs only in Ps. lviii. 9 (A. V. 8). An equivalent rendering...
 * 6) Sneezing (JE | ) -- See A2065: Asusa
 * 7) Isaac Snowman JE (JE | ) English artist; born in London 1874; educated at the City of London School. In 1890 he entered the Royal Academy School, where...
 * 8) Moses Soave JE (JE | ) Italian Hebraist; born in Venice March 28, 1820; died there Nov. 27, 1882. He supported himself as a private tutor in Venetian...
 * 9) Joseph Friedrich Sobernheim (JE | ) German physician and author of medical works; born at K&#246;nigsberg in 1803; died at Berlin Jan. 30, 1846. He published...
 * 10) John Sobieski (JE | ) -- See J377: John Sobieski
 * 11) Soborten JE (JE | ) Town in Bohemia, whose community is probably one of the oldest in the province. The community of Soborten includes parts of...
 * 12) Sobotniki (JE | ) A Russian rationalistic organization. See Subbotniki and Judaizing Heresy.
 * 13) Socialism JE Theory of civil polity which advocates public collective ownership, production, and distribution. Jews have been prominently...
 * 14) Société des études juives (JE | ) Society for the study of Jewish history and literature, and especially of the history and literature of the Jews of France...
 * 15) Learned Societies (JE | ) Nearly every Jewish community possessed, or still possesses, various societies aiming to propagate Jewish learning. There...
 * 16) Society of American Cantors (JE | ) Founded by Alois Kaiser in Baltimore, Md., May 14, 1895. Its object is the elevation of the cantor&#39;s profession, the furtherance...
 * 17) Society for the Promotion of Culture among the Jews of Russia (JE | ) Society founded at St. Petersburg in Dec., 1863, by some of the most prominent Russian Jews, e.g., Joseph Yozel G&#252;nzburg...
 * 18) Sodom (JE | ) First city of Pentapolis, the others being Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar, all situated in the vale of Siddim (Gen. xiv...
 * 19) Samuel Abravanel Soeira (JE | ) Son of Manasseh ben Israel (Abravanel Soeira being the maiden name of Manasseh&#39;s wife); born in Amsterdam 1625; died in...
 * 20) Soest (JE | ) City in the province of Westphalia, Prussia. As early as the middle of the thirteenth century Jews of Soest are mentioned...

881 – 900

 * 1) Sof Pasuk (JE | ) -- See A717: Accents in Hebrew
 * 2) Sofer (JE | ) -- See S407: Scribes
 * 3) Abraham Sofer (JE | ) -- See N279: Niederl&#228;nder, Abraham ben Ephraim
 * 4) Hayyim ben Mordecai Ephraim Fischl Sofer REF:JE (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi; born at Presburg Sept. 29, 1821; died at Pesth June 28, 1886. He studied at Presburg and at Ungvar, where...
 * 5) NULL (JE) No page
 * 6) Soferim JE (JE | ) Talmudic treatise dealing especially with the rules relating to the preparation of the holy books, as well as with the regulations...
 * 7) Sofia (JE | ) Capital of Bulgaria, 350 miles from Constantinople. The city had Jewish inhabitants before the ninth century; and this community...
 * 8) Nahum b. Joseph Samuel Sokolow (JE | ) Russian journalist; born in Wishograd, government of Plock, Russian Poland, Jan. 10, 1859. His father, a descendant of Nathan...
 * 9) De Sola >> Abraham de Sola JE, David de Aaron de Sola JE (JE | ) Sephardic family. According to family tradition, its earliest known members lived in Toledo and Navarre in the eighth and...
 * 10) Émile Soldi (JE | ) French engraver, sculptor, and writer on art; born at Paris May 27, 1846; son of David Soldi, a professor of modern languages...
 * 11) Solis (JE | ) Spanish and Portuguese family of crypto-Jews, some of whom were inquisitors, while others were victims of the Inquisition...
 * 12) Solis Cohen (JE | ) -- See C605: Cohen, Jacob da Silva Solis
 * 13) Benjamin Aaron Solnik (JE | ) -- See S853: Sloni&#7731;, Benjamin Aaron ben Abraham
 * 14) Solomon JE >> Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon) REF:JE (JE | ) Third king of all Israel; reigned from about 971 to 931 B.C ; second son of David and Bath-sheba (II Sam. xii. 23-25). He...
 * 15) Seal of Solomon (JE | ) the legend that Solomon possessed a seal ring on which the name of God was engraved and by means of which he controlled the...
 * 16) Temple of Solomon JE (JE | ) -- See T122: Temple
 * 17) Testament of Solomon (JE | ) Pseudepigraphic treatise on the forms and activities of demons and the charms effective against them. Extracts from the work...
 * 18) Solomon b. Aaron Troki (JE | ) -- See T343: Troki
 * 19) Abraham Solomon (JE | ) English artist; born in London May, 1824; died at Biarritz in 1862. At the age of eighteen he was admitted as a student to...
 * 20) Solomon b. Abraham Adret (JE | ) -- See A857: Adret

901 – 920

 * 1) Solomon ben Abraham ibn Daud (JE | ) Physician and translator. According to Kaufmann and Gross, Solomon belonged to the family of the Spanish translator Abraham...
 * 2) Solomon ben Abraham ben Jehiel (JE | ) Italian rabbi; flourished at Rome in the eleventh century; nephew of Nathan b. Jehiel, the author of the "&#39;Aruk." About...
 * 3) Solomon ben Abraham ha-Kohen of Seres (Maharshak) (JE | ) Oriental Talmudist; lived at Salonica in the second half of the sixteenth century. His teacher was Joseph Firman. He was the...
 * 4) Solomon ben Abraham ben Samuel JE (JE | ) French Talmudist of the first half of the thirteenth century. He was rabbi at Montpellier, and leader of the movement against...
 * 5) Solomon Cohen of Lissa (JE | ) -- See C629: Cohen, Solomon ben Eliezer Lipmann of Lissa
 * 6) Edward Solomon (JE | ) English musician and composer; born in London 1856; died there Jan. 22, 1895. Solomon, who was largely a self-taught musician...
 * 7) Edward S. Solomon (JE | ) American soldier and jurist; born at Sleswick, Sleswick-Holstein, Dec. 25, 1836. On completing his education at the high school...
 * 8) Solomon the Egyptian (JE | ) Physician in ordinary to the Byzantine emperor Emanuel Comnenus; lived at Constantinople in the second half of the twelfth...
 * 9) Solomon ben Eliezer ha-Levi (JE | ) Turkish Talmudist of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; brother of Abraham b. Eliezer ha-Levi, who quotes him in his "Ma&#39...
 * 10) Solomon ben Elijah Sharbit ha-Zahab JE (JE | ) Oriental astronomer, poet, and grammarian; lived at Salonica and later at Ephesus, in the second half of the fourteenth century...
 * 11) Solomon ben Enoch al-Kustantini (JE | ) Spanish exegete of the first half of the fourteenth century. Gr&#228;tz believes that Solomon belonged to the Al-Kus&#7789...
 * 12) Solomon the Exilarch JE (JE | ) Eldest son of the exilarch &#7716;asdai; ruled from 730 to 761. In consequence of a dearth of teachers, he found it necessary...
 * 13) Henry Naphtali Solomon (JE | ) English Hebraist and educationist; born in London 1796; died there Nov. 12, 1881. He was a son of R. Moses Eliezer Solomon...
 * 14) Solomon b. Isaac (Rashi) (JE | ) -- See R121: Rashi
 * 15) Solomon ben Isaac of Orleans (JE | ) French tosafist of the twelfth century; elder colleague of the tosafist Joseph ben Isaac of Orleans, together with whom he...
 * 16) Solomon ben Jeroham JE (JE | ) Karaite exegete and controversialist; flourished at Jerusalem between 940 and 960. He was considered one of the greatest authorities...
 * 17) Solomon ben Joseph (JE | ) French liturgist of Avallon; lived apparently in the thirteenth century. He composed the following piyyu&#7789;im: "Abbi&#39...
 * 18) Solomon ben Joseph ibn Ayyub of Granada (JE | ) Spanish physician; lived at B&#233;ziers in the middle of the thirteenth century. He translated into Hebrew from the Arabic...
 * 19) Solomon b. Joseph ibn Shoshen (JE | ) -- See I48: Ibn Shoshan
 * 20) Solomon ben Judah ha-Babli (JE | ) Liturgist of the tenth century. In spite of the epithet "ha-Babli," given him by Rashi (commentary on Ex. xxvi. 15; "Ha-Pardes...

921 – 940

 * 1) Solomon ben Judah of Ch& (JE | ) French Talmudist of the end of the thirteenth century. He carried on a learned discussion with Samson of Chinon and Eliezer...
 * 2) Solomon ben Judah of Dreux (JE | ) French tosafist and Bible commentator of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a disciple of Isaac ben Samuel the Elder...
 * 3) Solomon b. Judah L& (JE | ) German Hebraist and teacher; born about 1662; died after 1734. He was a teacher in Dessau, and is said by F&#252;rst to be...
 * 4) Solomon ben Judah of Lunel JE (JE | ) Proven&#231;al philosopher; born in 1411. His Proven&#231;alname was Solomon Vives. When he was only thirteen years of age...
 * 5) Solomon Levi of Burgos (JE | ) -- See P115: Paul de Burgos
 * 6) Solomon and Marcolf JE (JE | ) Medieval tale, or romance, describing the adventures and conversations of Solomon and one Marcolf, or Marolf. The adventures...
 * 7) Solomon ben Mazzal Tob (JE | ) Turkish Hebrew poet and corrector for the press or, perhaps, printer; flourished at Constantinople in the first half of the...
 * 8) Solomon ben Me& (JE | ) French grammarian and Biblical commentator of the twelfth century, grandson of Rashi and brother of the great tosafists Isaac...
 * 9) Solomon b. Menahem (JE | ) -- See F353: Frat Maimon
 * 10) Michael Solomon (JE | ) British merchant and politician; born in England 1818; died in Jamaica May 5, 1892. He emigrated to Jamaica at the age of...
 * 11) Solomon b. Mordecai (JE | ) Polish rabbi; died 1609. He was a pupil of Solomon Luria and was rabbi of Meseritz and Ostrog, holding also some rabbinical...
 * 12) Solomon ben Moses Chelm (JE | ) Polish rabbi of the eighteenth century; born at Samoscz, government of Lublin; died at Salonica in 1778. He was successively...
 * 13) Solomon ben Moses ben Jekuthiel de Rossi (JE | ) Writer, and composer of synagogal hymns; flourished in Rome during the thirteenth century; died after 1284 in the prime of...
 * 14) Solomon ben Moses ben Joseph (JE | ) Italian liturgist of the thirteenth century; identified by some with Jehiel b. Jekuthiel Anaw, and by others with Solomon...
 * 15) Solomon ben Moses of Melgueil (JE | ) French philosophical writer and translator of the thirteenth century. The supposition that Solomon was a native of Melgueil...
 * 16) Myer Solomon (JE | ) Founder of the St. Alban&#39;s Place Synagogue, London; born in the last quarter of the eighteenth century; died Dec. 31,...
 * 17) Solomon Nasi ben Isaac Nasi Cayl (JE | ) Liturgical poet; lived at Marseilles about 1285. Cayl is a family name, derived from Caylus, a town in the department of Tarn-et-Garonne...
 * 18) Solomon ben Nathan Ashkenazi (JE | ) -- See A1953: Ashkenazi
 * 19) Philip S Solomon (JE | ) Attorney-general of Fiji; born at Lee, Essex, England, Oct. 15, 1830; died in New South Wales March 24, 1895. Early in life...
 * 20) Solomon de Sabalducchio (JE | ) Physician; flourished in Perugia, Italy, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Pope Boniface IX., shortly after his accession...

941 – 960

 * 1) Solomon Salman b. Moses (JE | ) -- See L536: London, Solomon
 * 2) Solomon ben Samson JE (JE | ) Scholar of Worms in the eleventh century; teacher and relative of Rashi, who refers to him as an authority beside his other...
 * 3) Samuel Solomon (JE | ) English quack; born in 1780; died in London 1818. He flourished in Liverpool and was an original and somewhat eccentric character...
 * 4) Solomon Shalem b. Hayyim Jehiel Cohen (JE | ) Rabbi in the second half of the eighteenth century; died at Amsterdam 1781. He resided successively at Adrianople, Bologna...
 * 5) Simeon Solomon (JE | ) English painter; born at Bristol 1834; died at London March 15, 1905; brother of Abraham Solomon. He early showed signs of...
 * 6) Solomon Joseph Solomon (JE | ) English painter; born in London Sept. 16, 1860. He received his artistic training at Heatherly&#39;s, at the schools of the...
 * 7) Solomon of Tours (JE | ) French Talmudist; contemporary of Rashi, with whom he carried on a learned correspondence. Rashi addresses him as "My dear...
 * 8) Solomon Urbino (JE | ) -- See S948: Urbino, Solomon de
 * 9) Vabian L. Solomon (JE | ) Premier of South Australia; born about 1849; son of Judah Moss Solomon. Early in life Solomon went to the Northern Territory...
 * 10) Solomon de Vesoul (JE | ) Son of Manessier de Vesoul, who died in 1375 or 1378. By a decree of Charles V., the Wise, he was appointed clerk and tax-gatherer...
 * 11) Solomon ibn Ya& (JE | ) Spanish scholar, physician, and (probably) Biblical commentator; died at Seville in May, 1345. According to a Spanish tumular...
 * 12) Solomon ibn Zakbel (JE | ) Spanish poet of the twelfth century; relative of abu Omar Joseph ibn Sahl, who died in 1124. Solomon was the author of a satirical...
 * 13) Solomon Zalman ben Isaac (JE | ) Polish rabbi; died at Warsaw in 1838. After having filled the position of rabbi at Mashelsk and Praga, he was called to the...
 * 14) Jacob b. Solomon Zarfati (JE | ) -- See Z36: &#7826;arfati
 * 15) Abraham Solomonov (JE | ) Russian author; born in Minsk 1778; died in St. Petersburg. He was a prominent propagandist of the Haskalah movement among...
 * 16) Adolphus Simeon Solomons (JE | ) American communal worker; born in New York city Oct. 26, 1826; son of John Solomons, a native of London who emigrated to the...
 * 17) Levy Solomons (JE | ) One of the founders of the Canadian Jewish community; born early in the eighteenth century; died May 18, 1792. He settled...
 * 18) Joseph Baer Soloveichik (JE | ) Russian Talmudist and rabbi; born at Nieswish, Russia, 1820; died May 1, 1892. At an early age he was sent to Volozhin, where...
 * 19) Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyev (JE | ) Russian publicist and friend of the Jews; born 1853; died in 1900. In an article, "Rossiya i Yevropa," he opposed the attitude...
 * 20) Esther Solymosi (JE | ) -- See T226: Tisza-Eszl&#225;r

961 – 980

 * 1) Abdallah Abraham Joseph Somekh (JE | ) Rabbi of Bagdad; born in that city 1813; died there 1889. He was educated by Rabbis Jacob Joseph ha-Rofe and Moses &#7716...
 * 2) Judah Sommo (JE | ) -- See J642: Judah Leone b. Isaac Sommo
 * 3) Son (JE | ) -- See C449: Child, The
 * 4) Son of God (JE | ) Term applied to an angel or demigod, one of the mythological beings whose exploits are described in Gen. vi. 2-4, and whose...
 * 5) Son of Man (JE | ) the rendering for the Hebrew "ben adam," applied to mankind in general, as opposed to and distinct from non-human relationship...
 * 6) Soncino JE (JE | ) Italian family of printers, deriving its name from the town of Soncino, in the duchy of Milan. It traces its descent through...
 * 7) Song of Moses JE (JE | ) Poem found in Deut. xxxii. 1-43. It is said that "Moses spake in the ears of all the assembly of Israel the words of this...
 * 8) The Song of Songs (JE | ) One of the Five Megillot. The Hebrew title,, is commonly understood to mean "the most excellent of songs, composed by Solomon"...
 * 9) Midrashim to Song of Songs (JE | ) -- See S636: Shir ha-Shirim
 * 10) The Song of the Three Holy Children (JE | ) Greek insertion in the Book of Daniel after iii. 23, the only one of the additions to Daniel that really add to the text of...
 * 11) Leopold Sonnemann (JE | ) German journalist; born at H&#246;chberg, Lower Franconia; Oct. 29, 1831. After having acquired considerable wealth as a merchant...
 * 12) Sigismund Sonnenfeld (JE | ) Hungarian journalist; born at Vagujhely, Hungary, Oct. 1, 1847. He received his education in his native town, at the gymnasia...
 * 13) Sonnenfels JE (JE | ) Austrian family of scholars and writers, descendants of Wurzbach Lipmann, members of which became prominent during the eighteenth...
 * 14) Adolf Ritter von Sonnenthal (JE | ) Austrian actor; born at Budapest Dec. 21, 1834. He was the son of humble parents, and spent his boyhood as a tailor&#39;s...
 * 15) Solomon H. Sonneschein JE (JE | ) American rabbi; born at Szent Marton Turocz, Hungary, June 24, 1839. He received his education at Boskowitz, Moravia, where...
 * 16) Baron Sidney Sonnino (JE | ) Italian politician; born at Alexandria, Egypt, in 1849. His father was a Jewish emigrant from Leghorn, and his mother an English...
 * 17) Ugo Sorani (JE | ) Italian jurist and deputy; born at Pitigliano May 4, 1850. He studied law in his native town and in Mondavi, Leghorn, and...
 * 18) De Sosa (De Sossa, De Sousa) (JE | ) Envoy of King John III. of Portugal to the court of Pope Paul III. (1534-50). While he was at Rome the Maranos, seeking relief...
 * 19) Gomez de Sosa (JE | ) -- See G349: Gomez de Sosa
 * 20) Martin Alfonso de Sosa (JE | ) Portuguese envoy at and governor of Goa, in the middle of the sixteenth century. In Cranganore, sixteen miles from Cochin...

981 – 1000

 * 1) Simon de Sosa (JE | ) One of the wealthiest Maranos in Portugal in the middle of the seventeenth century. He was one of the conspirators, led by...
 * 2) Caius Sosius (JE | ) Roman general. Although Herod had been made king of Judea by the Romans, he was forced to wrest the country from the Hasmonean...
 * 3) Joseph Judah L& (JE | ) Russian-American Talmudic scholar, mathematician, and scientific author; born at Birzhi, government of Kovno, Sept. 17, 1837...
 * 4) Sotah (JE | ) Treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds, devoted in the main to an exact definition of the...
 * 5) Soul (JE | ) the Mosaic account of the creation of man speaks of a spirit or breath with which he was endowed by his Creator (Gen. ii....
 * 6) Transmigration of Souls (JE | ) -- See T298: Transmigration of Souls
 * 7) Sousa (JE | ) -- See S978: Sosa
 * 8) South Africa (JE | ) Jewish concern with South Africa began, indirectly, some time before the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, by the participation...
 * 9) South Carolina (JE | ) One of the thirteen original states of the United States. Most of the events relating to Jews occurring in this state have...
 * 10) South America and Central America (JE | ) Certain portions of the American continent which were first colonized by the Spaniards and Portuguese, and which still remain...
 * 11) Johann Peter (Moses Germanus) Spaeth JE (JE | ) Convert to Judaism; born at Venice in the first half of the seventeenth century; died at Amsterdam April 27, 1701. On account...
 * 12) Spain >> History of the Jews in Spain JE (JE | ) Jews lived in Spain in very early times, although the legend that Solomon&#39;s treasurer Adoniram died there, as well as...
 * 13) Spalato (Spalatro) (JE | ) Commercial port of Dalmatia, and a city of note since the days of the Roman empire. Its earliest Hebrew inhabitants were immigrants...
 * 14) Meyer Spanier (JE | ) German educationist and writer; born at Wunstorf, Hanover, Nov. 1, 1864; studied philosophy and Germanic philology at Heidelberg...
 * 15) Spanish Town (JE | ) -- See J144: Jamaica
 * 16) Sparrow (JE | ) Rendering given in the English versions (Ps. lxxxiv. 4 [A. V. 3], cii. 8 [A. V. 7]) for the word "Zippor," which denotes...
 * 17) Specific Performance (JE | ) Proceeding by which a court compels an obligor to carry out his contract rather than make him pay damages in money for the...
 * 18) Mordecai Spector (JE | ) Russian Jud&#230;o-German writer; born at Uman, government of Kiev, May 5, 1859. His earlier education was in the &#7716;asidic...
 * 19) Johann Peter Speeth (JE | ) -- See S991: Spaeth, Johann Peter
 * 20) Isaac Elhanan Spektor JE (JE | ) Russian rabbi and author; born at Rosh, government of Grodno, 1817; died at Kovno March 6, 1896. His father, Israel Issar...