Wikipedia:Main Page history/2022 July 12b

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From today's featured article  Mount Melbourne is a 2,733-metre-high (8,967 ft) ice-covered stratovolcano in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is an elongated mountain with a snow-filled summit caldera and numerous parasitic vents; a volcanic field surrounds the edifice. Mount Melbourne has a volume of about 180 cubic kilometres (43 cu mi) and last erupted between 1862 and 1922. Its volcanism is related both to the West Antarctic Rift and to local tectonic structures such as faults and grabens. Mount Melbourne has mainly erupted trachyandesite and trachyte, which formed within a magma chamber; basaltic rocks are less common. Geothermal heat flow on Mount Melbourne has created an unusual ecosystem formed by mosses and liverworts that grow between fumaroles, ice towers, and ice hummocks. This type of vegetation is found at other volcanoes of Antarctica and develops when volcanic heat generates meltwater from snow and ice, thus allowing plants to grow in the cold Antarctic environment. (Full article...)

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Did you know ...  Orii Hyōjirō In the news   Webb's First Deep Field
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 * ... that dozens of mammals and birds were first described from specimens collected by "Orii of the Orient" (pictured)?
 * ... that early floppy disks used FM encoding that took up only half the available storage?
 * ... that politician John D'Orazio helped to secure a three-year trial of daylight saving time in Western Australia?
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 * ... that Ekaterina Novitskaya, then aged 16, became the first female ever to win the Queen Elisabeth Competition for piano?
 * ... that the 1944 SCR-720 radar system was used only briefly by the USAAF, but was a primary RAF system into the late 1950s?
 * ... that the Scottish medical missionary Ernest Muir championed the use of the traditional Ayurvedic cure chaulmoogra oil in treating Hansen's disease (leprosy)?
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Ongoing: Recent deaths&#58; On this day July 12  German tanks at Prokhorovka Margaret Theresa of Spain ( b. 1651)George Eastman  ( b. 1854)<li>Elsie de Wolfe  ( d. 1950)</li></ul> More anniversaries:
 * NASA releases the first operational image (shown) taken by the James Webb Space Telescope.
 * Protesters storm the President's House in Colombo, Sri Lanka, forcing President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe to agree to resign.
 * Angola's former president José Eduardo dos Santos dies at the age of 79.
 * Former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe is assassinated while giving a speech in Nara.
 * COVID-19 pandemic
 * Russian invasion of Ukraine
 * Mohammed Barkindo
 * Rod Zaine
 * Ira Valentine
 * Alfred Koerppen
 * José Guirao
 * Hugh Evans
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 * 927 – King Æthelstan of England secured the submission of four northern rulers: Constantine II of Scotland, Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred I of Bamburgh, and Owain ap Dyfnwal of Strathclyde.
 * 1488 – Choe Bu, an official of the Joseon dynasty, returned to Korea after months of shipwrecked travel in China.
 * 1943 – World War II: German and Soviet forces engaged each other at the Battle of Prokhorovka (tanks pictured), one of the largest tank battles in military history.
 * 1962 – The English rock band the Rolling Stones played their first concert, at the Marquee Club in London.
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