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From today's featured article  Charles II

The Anglo-Scottish War was the final conflict in the British Wars of the Three Kingdoms. When the Royalists were defeated in 1648, after the First and Second English Civil Wars, the English government ordered the execution of their king, Charles I, who was also, separately, the king of Scotland, then an independent nation. The Parliament of Scotland declared his son, Charles II (depicted), to be King of Britain. Seeing this as a threat, an English army under Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland on 22 July 1650. After a month of manoeuvring Cromwell heavily defeated the Scots at Dunbar. In July 1651 the English crossed the Firth of Forth and defeated the Scots at Inverkeithing, cutting their army off from supply and reinforcements. In desperation Charles II invaded England in August. Cromwell pursued, brought the badly outnumbered Scots to battle on 3 September 1651 and completely defeated them, ending the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and resulting in Scotland's absorption into the English Commonwealth. (Full article...)

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Ongoing: Recent deaths&#58; On this day July 22: Pi Approximation Day  Gia Long Emma Lazarus ( b. 1849)Selena Gomez  ( b. 1992)<li>George Armitage Miller  ( d. 2012)</li></ul> More anniversaries: <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured list <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 117px;"> Robin Williams American actor and comedian Robin Williams had an extensive career in films, television, video games, and on the stage. He made his screen debut in 1977 in minor roles in the film Can I Do It... 'Til I Need Glasses? and the television shows The Richard Pryor Show and Laugh-In. The following year, he starred as an alien named Mork in the sitcom Mork & Mindy, a spin-off of Happy Days. In 1987, he played the role of disc jockey Adrian Cronauer in the war comedy Good Morning, Vietnam, a role which earned him his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination. He further received critical acclaim lead roles in Dead Poets Society (1989), Awakenings (1990) and The Fisher King (1991). He also attained greater commercial success in films such as Hook (1991), Aladdin (1992), and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993). He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for portraying a therapist in the psychological drama Good Will Hunting (1997). Williams continued to achieve critical and commercial success in films such as Insomnia (2002), One Hour Photo (2002), Happy Feet (2006), and Night at the Museum (2006). One of his final roles was in the television sitcom The Crazy Ones. (Full list...) Recently featured: <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture <h2 id="mp-other" class="mp-h2">Other areas of Wikipedia <h2 id="mp-sister" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia's sister projects <templatestyles src="Wikipedia's sister projects/styles.css" /> Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer projects:
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