Wikipedia:Main Page history/2023 January 1

 Welcome to Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. 6,595,645 articles in English

From today's featured article  Marine sandglass The history of timekeeping devices dates back to ancient civilizations observing astronomical bodies. Sundials and water clocks originated in ancient Egypt, while incense clocks were used in China. Mechanical clocks were developed in medieval Europe after the invention of the bell-striking alarm; Henry de Vick built a mechanical clock around 1360 that was the basis for improvements in timekeeping for the next 300 years. The mainspring, invented in the 15th century, allowed small clocks to be built. Leonardo da Vinci produced the earliest drawings of a pendulum. The pendulum clock, designed by Christiaan Huygens in 1656, was more accurate than other mechanical timekeepers. The electric clock, invented in 1840, controlled the most accurate pendulum clocks until the 1940s, when quartz timers became the basis for precise measurement of time and frequency. Atomic clocks are the most accurate timekeeping devices in practical use today and are used to calibrate timekeeping instruments. (Full article...)

Recently featured: 


 * John Hay
 * U.S. Route 8
 * Operation Grandslam

 Did you know ...  Union Pacific 4014  In the news   Benedict XVI
 * Archive
 * By email
 * More featured articles
 * About
 * ... that Union Pacific 4014 (pictured) has been the only Big Boy locomotive operating in the United States since 2019?
 * ... that the first fictional depiction of the moons of Mars predates their discovery by a century and a half?
 * ... that in Mother and Child, composed in 2002 by John Tavener for the vocal ensemble Tenebrae, organ and temple gong enter for the climax?
 * ... that the 2022 Cure Bowl is the only one of the 2022–23 NCAA football bowl games scheduled to be played between FBS conference champions?
 * ... that Burton Raffel called Arthur Cooper's translation of a poem by Du Fu "exceedingly lame"?
 * ... that Minnesota legislator Claudia Meier cosponsored a bill freeing women from having to take their husbands' last names, and then took her husband's last name?
 * ... that at the height of the war between Iraq and the Islamic State, diplomats of the Philippine embassy in Baghdad agreed to die together rather than be taken hostage?
 * ... that all three of playwright Oliver Hailey &#39;s Broadway productions closed after one regular performance?
 * Archive
 * Start a new article
 * Nominate an article

Ongoing:  Recent deaths&#58;   On this day January 1: Public Domain Day; Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (Roman Rite Catholicism)  Ellis Island <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"> <ul><li>Lorenzo de' Medici ( b. 1449)</li><li>Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  ( b. 1852)</li><li>Shirley Chisholm  ( d. 2005)</li></ul> More anniversaries: <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/> <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/>
 * Pope emeritus Benedict XVI (pictured) dies at the age of 95.
 * Brazilian footballer Pelé dies at the age of 82.
 * A winter storm causes record-breaking low temperatures and leaves more than 90 people dead across North America.
 * Pushpa Kamal Dahal becomes Prime Minister of Nepal after the general election.
 * Sitiveni Rabuka becomes Prime Minister of Fiji after a coalition government is formed following the general election.
 * Mahsa Amini protests
 * Peruvian protests
 * Russian invasion of Ukraine
 * Barbara Walters
 * Mihalj Kertes
 * Vivienne Westwood
 * John Kinch
 * Arnie Ferrin
 * Big Scarr
 * Nominate an article
 * 1739 – Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, the most remote island in the world, was discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
 * 1773 – The hymn "Amazing Grace" was probably first used in a prayer meeting in Olney, England, without the music familiar to modern listeners.
 * 1892 – The immigration station on Ellis Island (pictured) in New York Harbor opened, and would process almost 12 million immigrants to the United States over the course of its existence.
 * 1928 – Joseph Stalin's personal secretary, Boris Bazhanov, crossed the Iranian border and defected from the Soviet Union.
 * 1998 – Argentinian physicist Juan Maldacena published a landmark paper initiating the study of AdS/CFT correspondence, which links string theory and quantum gravity.
 * December 31
 * January 1
 * January 2
 * Archive
 * By email
 * List of days of the year

<h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture <h2 id="mp-other" class="mp-h2">Other areas of Wikipedia <h2 id="mp-sister" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia's sister projects <templatestyles src="Wikipedia's sister projects/styles.css" /> Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer projects:
 * Community portal – The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements.
 * Village pump – Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues.
 * Site news – Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement.
 * Teahouse – Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia.
 * Help desk – Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia.
 * Reference desk – Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics.
 * Content portals – A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia.

<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> Commons Free media repository </li> <li> MediaWiki Wiki software development </li> <li> Meta-Wiki Wikimedia project coordination </li> <li> Wikibooks Free textbooks and manuals </li> <li> Wikidata Free knowledge base </li> <li> Wikinews Free-content news </li> <li> Wikiquote Collection of quotations </li> <li> Wikisource Free-content library </li> <li> Wikispecies Directory of species </li> <li> Wikiversity Free learning tools </li> <li> Wikivoyage Free travel guide </li> <li> Wiktionary Dictionary and thesaurus </li> </ul> <h2 id="mp-lang" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia languages <templatestyles src="Wikipedia languages/styles.css"/> This Wikipedia is written in English. Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below. <li> 1,000,000+ articles <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/> </li> <li> 250,000+ articles <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/> </li> <li> 50,000+ articles <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/> </li> </ul>
 * <span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية
 * <span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch
 * <span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español
 * <span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français
 * <span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano
 * <span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands
 * <span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語
 * <span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski
 * <span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português
 * <span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский
 * <span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska
 * <span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська
 * <span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt
 * <span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文
 * <span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia
 * <span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu
 * <span class="autonym" title="Min Nan Chinese (nan:)" lang="nan">Bân-lâm-gú
 * <span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български
 * <span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català
 * <span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština
 * <span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk
 * <span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto
 * <span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara
 * <span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی&lrm;
 * <span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית
 * <span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어
 * <span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar
 * <span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk Bokmål
 * <span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română
 * <span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski
 * <span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski
 * <span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi
 * <span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe
 * <span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu
 * <span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা
 * <span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski
 * <span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti
 * <span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά
 * <span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="simple">Simple English
 * <span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge
 * <span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego
 * <span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski
 * <span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu
 * <span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių
 * <span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം
 * <span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски
 * <span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk
 * <span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip
 * <span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina
 * <span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina
 * <span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย