Wikipedia:Main Page history/2023 October 5b

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From today's featured article  Chamber of the British House of Commons Prior to 1926, a successful ministerial by-election was required for members of the British House of Commons (pictured) to regain their seats after being made ministers. This requirement originated from 17th-century ideas of parliamentary independence from the Crown, which appoints the ministers; while early attempts were made to fully separate ministers and Parliament in a manner similar to that of the future United States, a compromise was reached instead to merely require new ministers to face a by-election to join Parliament. This by-election was in practice usually, but not always, an uncontested formality, and was gradually reformed before finally being abolished in 1926. Ministerial by-elections spread to British colonies in modern-day Canada and Australia, where they were likewise all abolished by the mid-20th century, ending with Western Australia in 1947; in Canada, they played a major role in the 1926 King–Byng affair before being abolished federally in 1931. (Full article...)

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Ongoing:  Recent deaths&#58;   On this day October 5: World Teachers' Day  Signing of the Treaty of Zamora <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"> <ul><li>Justin II ( d. 578)</li><li>Paul Fleming  ( b. 1609)</li><li>Guido von List  ( b. 1848)</li><li>Kumeko Urabe  ( b. 1902)</li></ul> More anniversaries: <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/> <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"/>
 * Twenty-one people are killed when a bus falls from a bridge (aftermath pictured) in Venice, Italy.
 * In the United States, Kevin McCarthy is removed as Speaker of the House.
 * Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman are awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discoveries that led to the mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.
 * In Australian rules football, Collingwood defeat the Brisbane Lions to win the AFL Grand Final.
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 * 1143 – The Treaty of Zamora (pictured) established Portugal as a kingdom independent of the Kingdom of León.
 * 1869 – During construction of the Eastman tunnel in St. Anthony, Minnesota (now Minneapolis), the Mississippi River broke through the tunnel's limestone ceiling, nearly destroying Saint Anthony Falls.
 * 1970 – The environmental organization Greenpeace was incorporated as the Don't Make a Wave Committee in British Columbia, Canada.
 * 1999 – Two trains collided head-on in Ladbroke Grove, London, killing 31 people, injuring 417, and severely damaging public confidence in the management and regulation of safety of Britain's privatised railway system.
 * 2011 – Two Chinese cargo ships were attacked and their crews murdered on a stretch of the Mekong River in far northern Thailand.
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