Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2015 February 26

= February 26 =

Best publish place for research paper on books?
So I just wrote a research paper on a literature book. I would like to know which academic journal are the best in terms of impact factor or alexa ranking (aka number of viewers). Those are strictly my two criterias to decide where to publish. It would be nice if someone happens to find a ranking table somewhere with one of the two or both criterias. Thanks!146.151.91.129 (talk) 08:41, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Criterion - singular, criteria - plural. Richard Avery (talk) 11:18, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It could be worse: I've occasionally seen the plural written as "criteriae". Of course, as it's a Greek word, it should obviously be "criteriata"... AndrewWTaylor (talk) 13:00, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * For the avoidance of doubt, κριτήριον is second declension, both in ancient Greek and when borrowed into Latin, and forms a regular nominative/vocative/accusative plural as κριτήριᾰ. RomanSpa (talk) 13:18, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Ooh, gosh, you are clever, so what would that be in English? Richard Avery (talk) 19:25, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The plural in English is "criteria", as you've already remarked. I was merely clarifying the matter. I wasn't seeking to correct you, since as an Englishman I'm sure your command of the language is fine. (I know you're English because only English people find sarcasm an appropriate response to educated comment.) RomanSpa (talk) 20:28, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * If you're a student at a university, the best thing to do would be to talk about this with your professors. They will be able to give you appropriate guidance about (a) whether and (b) where to publish. If you submit an unacceptable paper to a reputable journal it will be rejected, and if you persist in submitting unacceptable papers they will all be rejected and you will damage your reputation. If you're not currently a student at a university, it might be wise to start by contacting a suitable academic at a nearby institution and seeking their advice. In all cases, you will have to demonstrate competent use of the language in which the journal is published. RomanSpa (talk) 13:08, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Who said I'm going to submit it many times? I'm not stupid. Submitting the same unacceptable many times is useless and stupid. I'll submit only once. And of course I would have competent use of language within my paper. Don't judge my grammar based on what I wrote on here. I don't usually pay much attention to my grammar when I write things on the internet, so I do make silly errors sometimes. However, for my academic papers, that's a different story. Anyway, none of you really answers my question. I'm not asking so I can be directed to somewhere else. I also asked them. They and I know many places to publish, but I want to know the best place to publish based on the two criteria I listed above. Thanks!146.151.85.1 (talk) 18:22, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * If you don't actually know the journals in your field, you have no place publishing in them. 82.21.7.184 (talk) 18:53, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure how things work for papers on "literature books", but in my area of the social sciences a lot of journal submissions start as working papers. This is a particularly good way to start if it's your first paper, as you can learn a lot about how to write without facing the pressure of writing specifically for journal publication. Also, you're wrong about multiple submissions. Although it hasn't happened to me, I am aware of cases where a paper has been declined by one journal, but has been returned with reviewers' notes along the lines of "not acceptable for our publication, but with list of changes/expansions/discussions would probably suit name of alternative journal"; this has included some important work. RomanSpa (talk) 20:17, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Don't know of any tabulation of Impact Factor for journals in area of your interest (and have never seen Alexa rankings considered in deciding where to publish), but you may want to look at the Modern Language Association's Directory of Periodicals to help find and compare the journals that may be of interest. Typically though, the practice is to consult working academicians in the area who are well-informed about the focus and reputation of the journals, and are able to advice on which journals your work is likely to be accepted in. Hope that helps. Abecedare (talk) 20:42, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

arm sleeve thingies
In this photo what are the arm sleeve thingies Laura Poitras is wearing called? Are they some standard fashion gizmo? Pic is of her getting the Oscar for Citizenfour. Thanks. 50.0.205.75 (talk) 08:45, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Not sleeves, they're gloves. Sleigh (talk) 08:55, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Amazon calls 'em "long sleeve fingerless gloves". Clarityfiend (talk) 09:21, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Fingerless opera gloves. Sleigh (talk) 09:41, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks all. Sleigh's answer helped me find the article opera glove. 50.0.205.75 (talk) 09:45, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The fingerless version seems rather pointless until you consider what happens when she needs to visit the rest room. I'm guessing she wouldn't take them off?--Shantavira|feed me 12:45, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Actually it looks to me like she's wearing fingerless gloves made of some kind of fabric like nylon, and then has leather sleeve thingies covering part of them. Any idea?  I typed "fingerless opera gloves" into web search and did find some leather ones.  I'm still wondering about the fashion statement of those things and whether they're a normal clothing item, or some BDSM specialty thing, or what. 50.0.205.75 (talk) 00:03, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

'For you, I make special price!'
So, I'm familiar with how effective shopkeepers in the Old City of Jerusalem (Arab and Jewish) are at helping visitors to the city to part ways with their money given that it's a tradition almost 1,700 years old (thankfully they lost their effect on me long ago). Luxorites also have this sort of reputation. What other cities have a reputation for exceptionally pushy hassling salesmen? Shukran. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie &#124; Say Shalom! 7 Adar 5775 13:33, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * I'm not sure I can respond adequately to the question but Bargaining contains some related information. And https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bargaining provides pleasant reading. Bus stop (talk) 13:39, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Singapore's Change Alley used to be well known for this, but when I actually lived in Singapore I was too young to go there unaccompanied (so my parents would do all the bargaining), and from the look of our article's photos, it's changed (heh!) a lot since the 1960s. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 212.95.237.92 (talk) 14:21, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * All the souqs in the world seem to have this reputation, especially if they are visited by Western tourists. Carpet shops too. The Middle East in a large sense (starting in Morocco and all the way to Turkey) would qualify. --Xuxl (talk) 14:31, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * It's not just the Middle East. This kind of practice exists practically everywhere outside of Northern Europe, the Anglosphere (and French Canada), and Japan. Societies with little bargaining (outside of large transactions) are the exception globally. Marco polo (talk) 19:26, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Bargaining is definitely still a fact of life on the street markets of China. I've also bargained or seen people bargaining at Aztec/Mayan tourist sites in Mexico, at a flea market in the middle of Paris, and in the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul.  Now that I think about it, it seems strange that people don't usually bargain in Canada/USA; I can't believe I've never noticed this before.  --Bowlhover (talk) 06:34, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * I believe a cost/benefit analysis figures in. In a rich country, it would be a waste of time to bargain over a loaf of bread, since it only costs like 5 minutes of labor to earn enough money to buy it at the asking price.  But in a poor country, if that loaf of bread costs them a day's labor, then it's definitely worth their time to haggle, comparison shop, etc. StuRat (talk) 06:43, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * This is quite common with high-end merchandise like cars, jewelry, furniture and flooring or home remodeling/repair in NJ and NY. It even sounds like a catchphrase from SNL. μηδείς (talk) 19:25, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Of course a person has to have autonomy over price for bargaining to take place. When variance from a set price is not allowed there can be no bargaining, Bus stop (talk) 19:36, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * There can be ways around that:


 * 1) The salesman might be able to throw in something for free, like free delivery or extended warranty or no interest financing.


 * 2) They might pay part of the price themselves. For example, if they get 10% commission, then paying 1% of the sales price to seal the deal makes sense.


 * 3) Dealers sometimes get rebates from the manufacturer, and can apply a portion of that to the sales price. StuRat (talk) 19:44, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * That definitely works. In a telecom job I had, we could offer a comes-with everything package that suppressed any service charge on the same order (i.e., it was free to add, with no one time charge).  So when people moved between addresses, I told them that if they took the package at the new location on the same order, they would avoid the one-time charge of $85 it cost to move their service.  It was a gimmick the company did not promote, but one that worked if they kept the package until they got their first new bill.  Then, if they still wouldn't upgrade (and most people did take and keep the upgrade) saying, "I don't trust you, you'll never remove the package, etc.," I would give them my supervisor's direct number, and tell them that they could always reach me there, or someone else would answer if I was on another line. (I would never answer, but I did call them back.) I couldn't haggle on the price, but I could give them other things for free, and usually came in second in sales each month out of an office of 200 people. μηδείς (talk) 18:17, 3 March 2015 (UTC)


 * Yes, and for cars and houses, haggling is the norm, even in rich nations, since there those items still cost enough time to earn that any time spent haggling is seen as worthwhile. However, there are also people who want a good deal, and yet don't want to haggle.  For houses, since every house is unique, it's a bit difficult to set a "fair price".  But with cars, where there are thousands of identical models, it's not so hard.  Saturn car dealerships offered no-haggle prices, and at time other dealerships have, but they don't seem to last, making me think that they need to rip-off the occasional easy mark to make a profit. StuRat (talk) 19:39, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

In the Lourdes apparitions, what accounts for the gaps in time between Bernadette's visions?
Does anyone know what accounts for the gaps in time that I have referred to here: Talk:Lourdes apparitions? Thanks. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 13:55, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * There have been no responses on this Reference Desk page. If anyone wishes to respond, please do so at the following Talk Page:   Talk:Lourdes apparitions.  Thanks.    Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 16:17, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

Нужен текст гимна всех студентов "Гаудеамус"
Прошу знающих гимн студентов "Гаудеамус" сообщить мне текст на латыне .Заранее благодарю.Вилма. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.162.8.104 (talk) 15:09, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Could you maybe ask your question in English? It seems to have something to with Gaudeamus. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie &#124; Say Shalom! 7 Adar 5775 15:13, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Спросите на российском Википедии, это английский Википедия. KägeTorä - (影虎) (Chin Wag) 16:47, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * See ru:Гаудеамус and scroll down to the Latin text there. --84.58.246.235 (talk) 16:55, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * The user asks us to provide the Latin text of the hymn Gaudeamus in the Latin text, thanks in advance.


 * Посмотрите Gaudeamus igitur,, ничего. μηδείς (talk) 03:53, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Maybe, he/she can't read latin letters and needs ( not a translation, but) a transcription of the latin spoken or written text into cyrillic letters, so as to be able to read the original Latin in Cyrillic letters? See: http://gaude.ru/page/gimn-studentov-gaudeamus-i-ego-russkie-perevody:
 * "''Гаудеамус игитур,
 * Ювенес дум сумус!
 * Пост югундам ювентутем,
 * Пост молестам сенектутем,
 * Нос хабебит хумус.
 * "Nios chabjebjit choomoos" lol ;o]) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.84.91.160 (talk) 16:12, 28 February 2015 (UTC)
 * --217.84.85.167 (talk) 16:58, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * --217.84.85.167 (talk) 16:58, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Japan
What was Japan's first legislature, at the national level? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:C541:CC60:4897:AF86:CD38:DFCF (talk) 15:52, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * In which era? KägeTorä - (影虎) (Chin Wag) 16:44, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * National Diet has the details, particularly in the History section. The first legislature was a result of the Meiji Constitution, which is also worth a look. Alansplodge (talk) 17:06, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Anigunta
The only reference I can find online to "Anigunta" is the Wikipedia article. Does anyone know to where this may be referring? Could it be a transliteration issue, and possibly known by a slightly different spelling in Standard English? Sotakeit (talk) 17:10, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The creator of the article (whose ID, by an amazing coincidence, is ) states that it's a "village". So it might not be on Google's radar. Or it could be a hoax. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 17:54, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * In Google Maps, the village is known as Anegunta, coordinates (17.605447 N, 77.594904 E). - Lindert (talk) 18:16, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Excellent. So the question is, what (if anything) is its more common English transliteration? Whichever it is, the other could be created as a redirect. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 18:21, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It appears that this article also exists in Telugu: te:అనెగుంట, which word is transliterated by this website as "aneguMTa", though typing "anegunta" in this convertor does yield అనెగుంట. -Lindert (talk) 19:02, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The easiest solution, lacking any definitive evidence, is to recreate redirects to this article from variant transliterations. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 19:56, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It is listed in the Indian census as Anegunta. It was formerly in Andhra Pradesh, transferring to Telangana state last year. Hack (talk) 01:35, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Brand Mascots's of the 1920's
Is there anyone here that's able to identify the brand mascots shown on this poster?

http://www.ltmuseumshop.co.uk/posters/pre-printed-posters/product/poster-art-150-international-advertising-exhibition-mini-print.html

The Michelin Man is obvious, but id like to place some of the others. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 20:02, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It would be a far sight easier to investigate this if it would led me download the illustration. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 20:09, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * I suspect the two urchins at the front of the poster are the Bisto Kids. I also recognise Mr Punch, and wouldn't be surprised if one of the dogs (perhaps the one on the left) is Nipper. RomanSpa (talk) 20:34, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Image is also at File:Underground_to_Wood_Lane_to_anywhere,_International_Advertising_Exhibition_at_the_White_City,_1920.jpg with some notes. Nanonic (talk) 21:26, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * And the V&A have (on the More Info tab) "Subjects depicted ... Michelin Man; Cardinal Furniture Polish; Rowntrees Cocoa Nibs; Kodak Girl; Pears Soap Tramp; Skipper Sardines; Johnny Walker Whisky" which gives some. Nanonic (talk) 21:42, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Do I see the Gorton's Fisherman (which dates to 1905) on the right side ? StuRat (talk) 06:52, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * The clownish figure with "Vim" on his top hat is from Vim polisher and cleanser ads. - Nunh-huh 08:13, 27 February 2015 (UTC)


 * The chap with the top hat is Johnnie Walker . I thought that the children in the centre foreground were the Bisto Kids, but maybe not . Mr Punch is from Punch (magazine). The little Jack Russell might be Nipper - the HMV dog. The chap in the red robe may represent Cardinal Polish but I couldn't find a similar image. Alansplodge (talk) 12:30, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

What is the capital of the USA?
Legally, is the US capital Washington, the city, or Columbia, the district? If they're now the same, what about before the Organic Act? — kwami (talk) 22:07, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The federal statute defining the seat of the United States Government provides that "[a]ll that part of the territory of the United States included within the present limits of the District of Columbia shall be the permanent seat of government of the United States." (4 U.S.C. § 71) The City of Washington and the District of Columbia are, geographically, exactly the same territory and have been since the nineteenth century. Newyorkbrad (talk) 22:13, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * (ec)The capital is the city of Washington, D.C., which was once a subset of the District of Columbia, but the two entities are now the same entity. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 22:14, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * How can that be, if it was only one of five entities in the district, and it was the district that was defined as the capital? — kwami (talk) 22:30, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * No, the city is the capital, and it exists within a state-like entity called the District of Columbia. Prior to the 1870s, there were other autonomous cities within DC, such as Georgetown. Then it was decided that the city of Washington would occupy the entirety of DC, and places like Georgetown became merely neighborhoods instead of cities. It's kind of like Indianapolis' relationship to Marion County, only "more so". ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 22:34, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * In addition, the District of Columbia originally consisted of a portion ceded by Maryland, and a portion ceded by Virginia. The Virginia portion was returned to Virginia ("retroceded") in 1846, and is now Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia. Newyorkbrad (talk) 00:13, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * But I thought the territory was defined as the capital before the city was founded. So, the district merely houses the capital, and before the city was established, we had an imaginary capital?  — kwami (talk) 00:32, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The territory was originally defined by the Residence Act of 1790 and was ceded to the national government to become the future capital (as contemplated by Article One, Section 8, clause 17 of the U.S. Constitution). The capital remained in existing cities (New York and later Philadelphia) temporarily until the first federal buildings in Washington were completed. Newyorkbrad (talk) 01:27, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Okay, thanks! — kwami (talk) 01:55, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States lists all of the former seats of government of the U.S. The best known were Philadelphia (when the Declaration of Independence was signed) and New York City (which was the first capital under the Constitution).  But such places as York, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey acted as de facto capitals and seats of government at various times.  As noted above, the seat of the U.S. government, since moving to the district, has always been located in the settlement known as Washington, in the District of Columbia.  The actual district was divided into 5 different political entities:
 * the incorporated capital city itself, known as Washington
 * An existing incorporated city, Georgetown which had been part of Maryland, and which was a separately incorporated city within the District until 1871.
 * An existing incorporated city, Alexandria which had been part of Virginia (the modern corporate bounds of Alexandria, Virginia are larger than they were in 1800)
 * The balance of the land which had been part of Maryland, but not part of either Washington or Georgetown was unincorporated Washington County, D.C.
 * The balance of the land which had been part of Virginia, but not part of the city of Alexandria was unincorporated Alexandria County, D.C., now known as Arlington County, Virginia.
 * The last two were returned to Virginia in 1846, while the first three (two incorporated cities and a large area of unincorporated land around them as Washington County) continued their separate existence until 1871, when Congress made them all a single entity. Historically, there were parts of the District which were distinct political entities that were not part of the U.S. capital city, which was defined only as Washington, D.C.  Thus, the capital really is Washington D.C., and not just the District of Columbia, or at least, it was until 1871, after which there was no difference in any sense, so it really doesn't matter.  -- Jayron 32 02:07, 27 February 2015 (UTC

Important correction. The legal name of that single entity existing since 1871 is the District of Columbia, not Washington, DC. See the article: "revoked the individual charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown and combined them with Washington County to create a unified territorial government for the entire District of Columbia". Or better yet, see the actual law, cited in the article (which the original poster already knew about, as they mentioned the "Organic Act"), specifically the last two sections. From §40: "That the charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown shall be repealed on and after the first day of June, A . D. eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and all offices of said corporations abolished at that date..." And from §41: "And upon the repeal of the charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown, the District of Columbia be, and is hereby, declared to be the successor of said corporations..."

So the answer is simply "the District of Columbia". In legal terms there is no such place as Washington; the everyday usage is a holdover from how it was before 1871. And on the second question, about the situation before the Organic Act, the Constitution provides that the entire district (which it does not name) is the "seat of government", so I think DC is the best answer even before 1871. 70.49.169.244 (talk) 13:53, 27 February 2015 (UTC), edited 13:56, 27 February 2015 (UTC).


 * So there's not really a "Mayor of Washington". We learn something every day. —Tamfang (talk) 09:50, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

Israel Shamir
Was he born in Sweden or Russia? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joey13952 alternate account (talk • contribs) 23:26, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia article titled Israel Shamir states that he was born in Novosibirsk. At some times in history, some parts of what is now Russia were once part of Sweden, but a) never Novosibirsk and b) Never at the time when he was born.  So it seems pretty definitive he was born in Russia.  -- Jayron 32 02:20, 27 February 2015 (UTC)