Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2017 November 24

= November 24 =

Characteristics of conduct disorder, psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, biopsychosocial approach and relationship between each and example journal articles
Sorry for the long title, but I want to know that what are the characteristics of conduct disorder, characteristics of psychopathy and characteristics of antisocial personality disorder? Also, what are the risk factors of each according to the biopsychosocial approach? and what are the relationship between each disorder and are there an example of those? I want to know if there any journal articles on the relationship between each disorders and as well as the risk factors of each disorders. Please and thank you.Donmust90 (talk) 00:20, 24 November 2017 (UTC)Donmust90Donmust90 (talk) 00:20, 24 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Official criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the fifth chapter of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). See the Wikipedia coverage starting at Personality disorder. Blooteuth (talk) 11:33, 24 November 2017 (UTC)
 * The book The Mask of Sanity, while published in the 1950s, is the classic study of psychopathy. Conduct Disorder is diagnosed in adolescents who display antisocial tendencies: it often (though not always) is followed by a later diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder after the teenager reaches the age of maturity. I haven't heard of what you call the "biopsychosocial approach", but it sounds like a model that attempts to explain how people develop personality disorders, rather than a disorder itself. OldTimeNESter (talk) 14:17, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

Royal Navy pay
What were Royal Navy sailors paid in 1787, or thereabouts? James Galloway (talk) 20:41, 24 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Here's a guide to 1793 pay. "p.a." is per annum. They also shared the prize money when a ship was captured and sold, .with officers getting a bigger share. Some of the pay was held back until the ship returned home to discourage desertion. This seems to be a hobby site rather than a clearly reliable source. Perhaps an authoritative site can be found which includes the breakdown of prize pay. Edison (talk) 22:05, 24 November 2017 (UTC)
 * "Rates of pay for seamen remained unchanged between 1653 and 1797... 24 shillings per lunar month [i.e. four weeks] for an able seaman, 19 shillings for an ordinary seaman and... 18 shillings for a landsman... Deductions were made for the payment of chaplains and surgeons, for slops [i.e. working clothes], breakages, tobacco, and "venereals" (that is, cures for venereal diseases)". The Foundations of British Maritime Ascendancy: Resources, Logistics and the State, 1755-1815 (p. 232) by Roger Morriss. A footnote says that only one quarter of any prize money was divided equally between the entire crew excluding officers but including Royal Marines. See also The Evil Necessity: British Naval Impressment in the Eighteenth-century by Denver Alexander Brunsman which gives much the same detail. Alansplodge (talk) 11:09, 25 November 2017 (UTC)
 * BTW, 24 shillings = £1.20 in modern decimal money, 19s = £0.95. Alansplodge (talk) 12:38, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Why does the UK have to pay for Brexit?
Why? — Preceding unsigned comment added by B8-tome (talk • contribs) 22:41, 24 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Here is one article that gives a perspective that might help. Please don't expect editors here to engage in arguments, but I'm sure they will provide other sources that will inform you.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:49, 24 November 2017 (UTC)


 * Technically, and legally, it doesn't have to pay for anything, there's just the assumption that the UK will honour its commitments made whilst still a member of the European Union. Although, of course, nobody seems able to agree on what that amount might be - estimates range from nothing to £100 billion. There's a view among those who favour a 'hard brexit' (leaving the EU without a Free Trade Agreement) that the UK shouldn't pay the EU the EU anything, reverting to World Trade Organisation tariffs for EU trade. They argue that the European Union needs British money more than the UK needs a free trade agreement, Jacob Rees-Mogg (a prominent supporter of 'hard Brexit' pointed out that the Multiannual Financial Framework would be insolvent without British money meaning that states would either have to receive less EU funding or wealthier states would have to make up the shortfall). However, the UK government has said repeatedly that it wants a 'deep and special' partnership with the EU and an 'ambitious' free trade agreement. The European Union has made it clear that it would only be receptive to such an outcome if the UK honoured it's financial commitments to the EU. These broadly comprise the commitments to the EU budget, and other projects, the UK made prior to the Brexit decision (EU budgets last five years and the whole 5 years are planned for in advance - hence the perception by the EU that the UK has financial liabilities). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrandrewnohome (talk • contribs) 00:15, 25 November 2017 (UTC)
 * P.S. - here is a nice 'reality check' article from the BBC explaining recent developments regarding the 'divorce bill'. --Andrew 00:45, 25 November 2017 (UTC)
 * In a nutshell because the EU has the power to enforce it and does not want to set an example which might leave the impression that it could be beneficial to try to Dine and dash and still remain in good standing with the "establishment". --Kharon (talk) 05:26, 25 November 2017 (UTC)


 * Why does a person in the UK (and elsewhere) have to “pay” for divorce proceedings? Because it can be a very complicated matter after 45 years (children / common property / future financial responsibilities / etc).  Of course, (in case you are Theresa M., unsigned), this may be a question for legal advice, which we must not offer on this desk.  --Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM (talk) 16:21, 25 November 2017 (UTC)