Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2022 May 23

= May 23 =

What did Weymouth do to deserve the Bronze Star?
On the 14th of February 1944 the King was pleased to grant unrestricted permission for Major the Viscount Weymouth, Royal Wilts Yeomanry, to wear the Bronze Star. Do we know what he did to deserve it? Thanks. DuncanHill (talk) 00:23, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Page 194 https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D8682667 Nanonic (talk) 02:32, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Pages 195 and 196 give a little more info too. Nanonic (talk) 02:34, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Many thanks - that made me laugh! Seems pretty much what one would have thought. DuncanHill (talk) 02:48, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm having a hard time finding anything more than the basic details in the archives link. What's so funny? Clarityfiend (talk) 06:47, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Click 'preview this image' to see the actual records. Nanonic (talk) 08:19, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Of his later adventures in Normandy, Anthony Beevor says:
 * Corlett’s XIX Corps headquarters was made more colourful by its British liaison officer, Viscount Weymouth (soon to become the 6th Marquess of Bath), ‘a tall Britisher who had gained a reputation for eccentricity because of some of his trips through the German lines and his habit of leading two ducks around on a leash’.
 * Alansplodge (talk) 11:41, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * His 1992 obituary in The Independant says:
 * During the Second World War, he rejoined his regiment, the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, and served at Alamein, where he was wounded. After his convalescence he served as British Liaison Officer to the American 19th Corps, who called him 'Hank the Yank'.
 * Alansplodge (talk) 12:24, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * How ridiculous, not at all the sort of thing the 7th Marquess of Bath might do. Card Zero  (talk) 19:24, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The Bronze Star for was for his work as a liaison officer in Wiltshire. It shouldn't have been awarded, but it was allowed to stand so as not to hurt the Americans' feelings. DuncanHill (talk) 14:33, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

Penzance-Aberdeen express in the 1920's
According to our article Hypocrites' Club, members of the related Railway Club "dined in black-tie aboard of the Penzance-Aberdeen express between Oxford and Leicester". What was the route of this train at the time? Even better, do we have an example timetable? Thank you, DuncanHill (talk) 02:05, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Scant info in https://www.penwithlocalhistorygroup.co.uk/on-this-day/?id=236 Nanonic (talk) 02:39, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks - that gives Plymouth, Exeter, Taunton, Swindon, Oxford, Banbury, Leicester, Nottingham, Sheffield, York, Newcastle, Edinburgh and Dundee as the principal stops. DuncanHill (talk) 14:38, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Bradshaw's Guide for March 1961 gives clues as to what the other intermediate stops might have been.  A typical main line train calls at Truro (1h 3m), Liskeard (2h 20m), Plymouth (3h 15m), Newton Abbot (4h 23m), Exeter (St David's) (4h 57m) and Taunton (5h 37m).   Main line services from Taunton typically call at Westbury (6h 30m), while services from Westbury typically call at Trowbridge (6h 39m) and Chippenham (7h 03m).   Services from Chippenham typically call at Swindon (7h 33m).   A through train to York on Saturday night/Sunday morning departing Swindon 22:25 (on weekdays it leaves at 21:40) calls:


 * Oxford arr 23:15 (8h 23m)
 * Oxford dep 23:35 (8h 43m)
 * Banbury General arr 00:09 (9h 17m)
 * Banbury General dep 00:20 (9h 28m)
 * Rugby (Central) dep 01:07 (10h 15m)
 * Leicester (Central) dep 01:39 (10h 47m)
 * Loughborough (Central) dep 01:56 (11h 04m)
 * Nottingham (Victoria) dep 02:30 (11h 38m)
 * Sheffield (Victoria) dep 04:12 (13h 20m)
 * York arr 05:24 (14h 32m)

Between Nottingham (Victoria) and Sheffield (Victoria) trains travel via Chesterfield (Central). Between Sheffield (Victoria) and York they travel via Rotherham (Central) and Doncaster. Main line services from York typically call at Darlington (15h 29m), Newcastle (16h 14m) and Edinburgh (Waverley) (18h 25m). Main line services from Edinburgh (Waverley) typically call at Dundee (Tay Bridge) (19h 49m), Arbroath (20h 10m) and Aberdeen (21h 25m). The sector lengths are: Penzance to Taunton 162 1/4 miles, Taunton to Oxford 114 1/4 miles, Oxford to Banbury 22 3/4 miles, Banbury to Woodford Halse 11 miles, Woodford Halse to Sheffield (Victoria) 95 1/2 miles, Sheffield (Victoria) to Edinburgh (Waverley) 250 1/4 miles, and Edinburgh (Waverley) to Aberdeen 130 1/2 miles. Total mileage 786 1/2. I don't know what the mileage from Penzance to Aberdeen would be today: Woodford Halse railway station, Rugby Central railway station, Leicester Central railway station, Nottingham Victoria railway station, Chesterfield Central railway station and Sheffield Victoria railway station have all been closed. 2A02:C7C:365E:E700:18D:B732:4EE4:44CB (talk) 11:38, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

Confirming year and city of the protest
In 1980s Pakistan women were protesting discriminatory laws implemented by then military regime of Gen. Zia. At least in one protest protesters burned their outer layer modesty garment called Dupatta / Chaadar due to state's attempt to impose the garment on women (and not leaving it as individuals choice).

I do have one detail enough academic ref of Ayesha Khan · 2018 ISBN: 9781786735232 giving year 1987 and city Lahore. Since another credible Pakistani news paper reference mentions year 1981 and city of protest Karachi, I will prefer a credible corroboration from some source, (preferably from previous decades). Requesting help, thanks.

&#32;Bookku, &#39;Encyclopedias &#61; expanding information &#38; knowledge&#39; (talk) 14:56, 23 May 2022 (UTC)


 * I found an interview with Lala Rukh, with a photo at the bottom of the WAF burning their chadaars in 1983. If you read the text, the photo can only reasonably be assumed have been taken in Lahore, because that's where Lala Rukh (activist) was living and active (activating?), and I hope this is some help, even though it's from 1983 not 1987. This is from Zubaan Books, and I can reach the main page of their site, but this specific page with the interview won't load for me ("The site is experiencing technical difficulties"), so I have linked to the archived version. Card Zero  (talk) 15:24, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

Is there an article that lists the dates of religious festivals within a year?
Lots of religious festivals, Easter, Ramadan, Passover, etc. have different dates each year. Is there a single article that lists such things? JeffUK (talk) 15:27, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Not as such, no. There are a few for individual religions, such as List of movable Western Christian observances, but there is no master list of all of them for all possible religions.  Category:Lists of observances may be a good place for you to start your research.  -- Jayron 32 15:56, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Passover always starts on Nisan 15th, and Ramadan always starts on Ramadan 1st. Easter is different in that it's a moveable feast, which is to say, it's calculated using a lunisolar calendar the same as Passover, but within a culture that wants the answer translated into a day of the Gregorian year. So no, I don't think there's a single article, but Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000-2050 gives dates for Passover (Pesach) and there's this handy but slightly incorrect table from the Ramadan article. There's also Category:Holidays based on the date of Easter and Paschal cycle to consider, if those are in the scope of your question. Card Zero  (talk) 16:02, 23 May 2022 (UTC)


 * By the way, the Islamic calendar can't be predicted exactly in advance, since the beginning of each month depends on observations of the thin lunar crescent (almost-new moon) right after sunset (and such observations may only apply regionally). There are some precalculated calendar variants, for use by businesses, or for determining approximate future date equivalences, but many Muslims would object to a precalculated calendar being used to set the dates of important Islamic observances. AnonMoos (talk) 07:39, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

Names and pronunciations
Hi,

In the articles about Greek philosophers or dialogues, there are their original names in Greek language and in the following the same names are written in normal latin letters. For example in the article Cratylus:

Cratylus (/ˈkrætɪləs/ KRAT-il-əs; Ancient Greek: Κρατύλος, Kratylos)

What is "Kratylos" here? Is it a pronunciation? If it is, in what language? It doesn't look like a phonetic alphabet.

Cengiz Cebi Philosophy graduate student — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.173.78.209 (talk) 19:43, 23 May 2022 (UTC)


 * That's a transliteration of Κρατύλος. (I made each letter into a link.) The accented letter ύ is Upsilon with a "high pitch", make what you will of that, but apparently y is close enough. Card Zero  (talk) 20:07, 23 May 2022 (UTC)


 * Ancient Greek υ was pronounced like German ü (umlauted u) during Hellenistic times. The Romans used the Latin letter "y" for Greek upsilon, so we're kind of stuck with "y" now.  Ancient Greek had a "pitch accent" system (using tones, but very different from a Chinese-type tonal system).  The differences between -os and -us are due to Greek vs. Latin noun declensions. AnonMoos (talk) 23:03, 23 May 2022 (UTC)


 * That vowel is now /y/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet. —Tamfang (talk) 03:04, 26 May 2022 (UTC)


 * For Wikipedia's transliteration convention for Ancient Greek names, see . --Lambiam 22:42, 23 May 2022 (UTC)