Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2023 August 15

= August 15 =

Stauffenberg
From July 1, 1944, he was the new head of the reserve. Who was the preview head? -- 193.207.101.225
 * Assuming you mean Claus von Stauffenberg? If that is the case, I don't see anywhere that "reserve" or "July 1" is mentioned anywhere in that Wikipedia article.  Can you clarify, is that the person to whom you are referring?  And if so, can you show all of us where you are reading that he was the new head of the reserve (what reserve?) from July 1, 1944?  Thanks!  -- Jayron 32 12:24, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, Claus von Stauffenberg. Under general Rudolf Schmundt's recomendation, he become on July 1, 1944, the new head of the reserve's state major, under general Friedrich Fromm. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.171.128 (talk) 12:34, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Again, I'm not seeing this information anywhere. Can you show us, via a link of some sort, where you are reading the information about the "reserve's state major" (I don't even know what that means)?  That will help us find context for your question.  Thanks! -- Jayron 32 12:42, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The German article says: Mitte Juni 1944 wurde Stauffenberg Chef des Stabes des Befehlshabers des Ersatzheeres Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm und am 1. Juli 1944 zum Oberst i. G. befördert. Here, Ersatzheer is Replacement Army, and Stauffenberg was chief of staff of the commander of the replacement army, Friedrich Fromm. --Wrongfilter (talk) 12:52, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Possibly Gerhard Kühne: Four different people held the office of the Chief of Staff between 1938 and 1943: Colonel Ziegler, Colonel Haseloff, Major General Köhler, and Major General Kühne. fiveby(zero) 13:28, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Let's have things straight if possible - the OP is giving us a mess - the head of the reserve is probably a "Chef der Heeresrüstung und Befehlshabers des Ersatzheeres", not his/her Chief of Staff. --Askedonty (talk) 13:39, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * There we go: German article for the Chef der Heeresrüstung und Befehlshaber des Ersatzheeres says Am 26. August 1939 wurde General Joachim von Stülpnagel der Chef, blieb es jedoch nur wenige Tage, da er Hitlers Kriegspolitik als Katastrophe bezeichnet hatte. Am 31. August 1939, also unmittelbar vor dem deutschen Überfall auf Polen, der den Zweiten Weltkrieg auslöste, wurde General Friedrich Fromm (Bild) zum neuen Befehlshaber des Ersatzheeres und Chef der Heeresrüstung ernannt. Er blieb dies bis zum 20. Juli 1944, als er in Zusammenhang mit dem von Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg verübten Umsturzversuch verhaftet wurde. Am Tag darauf, den 20. Juli 1944, wurde der Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler zum neuen Chef der Heeresrüstung und Befehlshaber des Ersatzheeres und blieb es bis April 1945. Roughly: the chiefs of the reserve army were, in order: Joachim von Stülpnagel for a few days in August 1939, Friedrich Fromm from August 31 1939 to July 20 1944, Heinrich Himmler from July 20 1944 to April 1945. It says Fromm lost his position in connection with von Stauffenberg’s coup which might be the source of the confusion. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 70.67.193.176 (talk) 15:58, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * So, it looks like von Stauffenberg was the Chief of staff and not head of the organization; that makes more sense. Maybe its a translation issue for the OP, who appears to not be a native English speaker, but a "chief of staff" is more like a secretary or administrator and less like someone in charge.  They don't steer or lead the organization; instead they act as the person who implement's the leader's plans.  -- Jayron 32 12:11, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * "Chief of staff" can have varied meanings; the Chief of the Defence Staff is the head of the British Armed Forces. Alansplodge (talk) 18:33, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I was unaware. Thanks for correcting me!  -- Jayron 32 11:29, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Stauffenberg was Chef des Stabes des Befehlshabers des Ersatzheeres meaning Chief of Staff of the Commander of the Replacement Army with the rank of Oberst im Generalsstab (Oberst of the General Staff). He served under Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm (strictly speaking Fromm was Chef der Heeresrüstung und Befehlshaber des Ersatzheeres meaning Chief of Army Equipment and commander of the Replacement Army). -- Random person no 362478479 (talk) 16:28, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

Pocahontas
Her son, Thomas Rolfe, had never met John Smith between her mother's death (1617) and Smith's death (1631)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.178.75 (talk) 19:40, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Thomas Rolfe traveled to England with his parents as a baby, and lived there until he was 20, and then returned to Virginia in 1635. John Smith (explorer) had returned to England in 1609 after being injured in a gunpowder explosion, before Thomas Rolfe was born. Smith never returned to Virginia and died in 1631. It is possible that the two met in England. Rolfe was 16 years old when Smith died. Cullen328 (talk) 20:05, 15 August 2023 (UTC)