Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2023 August 11

= August 11 =

Brazilian Portuguese speaker needed
Could a native BR-PT speaker help me provide a translation of the content descriptors listed here? If that is asking too much, even translating some of them would help me--Trade (talk) 14:56, 11 August 2023 (UTC)


 * If you click on the links, there are translations on that website. Click on "Nudez ocasionalmente", and the resulting page includes the text "Occasional nudity" etc. AnonMoos (talk) 04:54, 12 August 2023 (UTC)


 * This just looks like simple prosaic descriptors, anyway. I believe a web translation should catch about all of them. 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 11:18, 12 August 2023 (UTC)


 * It's not a dictionary.  I'm not Brazilian, but here goes:

Alcohol occasionally; Alcohol frequently; High tension; Infantile learning (forms, colours, mobility); Low Tension; Scenes of abuse with women or minors; Scenes of Insinuation of Sex; Scenes of Nudity; Scenes of Sex: Scenes of Violence; Conflicts; Psychological conflicts; General knowledge; Consumption of Drugs; Consumption and Traffic of Drugs; Motor coordination; Creativity; Frequent creatures; Occasional creatures; Denigration of ethical values; Drugs frequently; Drugs occasionally; Sexual education; Educational; Social studies; Extreme Violence; Extreme Realistic Violence; Physics; Folklore; Geography; History; Horror; Human (Civil) frequently; Human (Civil) occasionally; Human (Military) frequently; Human (Military) occasionally; Humans frequently; Humans occasionally; Induction into Grave Violence; Induction into Denigration of Ethical Values; Infantile; English; Insinuation of frequent sex; Insinuation of occasional sex; Reading; Mathematics; Music; Not Human frequently; Not Human occasionally; Nudity frequently; Nudity occasionally; Objects frequently; Objects occasionally; Extreme Emotional perturbation; Grave Emotional perturbation; Moderate Emotional perturbation; Portuguese; Realistic blood; Chemistry; Editing; Religion; Blood; Animated blood; Sex; Explicit sex; Frequent explicit sex; Occasional explicit sex; Tobacco frequently; Tobacco occasionally; Adolescent themes; Adult themes; Attenuated Adult themes; Tension; Episodic tension; Frequent tension; Moderate tension; Use of alcohol; Use of derivatives of tobacco; Use of drugs; Use and/or Consumption of Alcohol; Violence; Animated violence; Light animated violence; Grave violence; Animated Grave violence; Realistic Grave violence; Moderate violence; Animated Moderate violence; Realistic Moderate violence; Realistic violence; Light realistic violence.

After all that you might like to chill out with some uplifting music.. 2A02:C7B:103:A100:DE4:22A0:DAD0:45D6 (talk) 15:08, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Tutoyer
tutoyer, to use the "tu" and "toi" forms of "you", is, to oversimplify, only used in formal French between family members, lovers, and very close friends. Can anyone suggest a better way to explain this (for Henri Lafont) than "was on personal terms with"? The significance of it in context is that this is a former street urchin addressing the prime minister of France. All thoughts and suggestions welcome Elinruby (talk) 17:47, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Since the concept of tutoyer doesn't exist in English, I would use phrasing like "used an unusually intimate tone" or something like that. Something that conveys that the type of language being used was unusual given the difference in social rank and familiarity.  -- Jayron 32 18:03, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I think overfamiliarity might describe it. You may be interested in French police will no longer be allowed to call suspects the familiar "tu". Alansplodge (talk) 12:38, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I am! Elinruby (talk) 09:02, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * In a more formal era in Britain, you might have said "was on a first-name basis with". That still might get the point across; as an idiom, even Australians might still understand it to mean being on relatively intimate terms. — kwami (talk) 10:54, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Just say "addressed each other with tu" or something and link to T–V distinction. No editorializing or OR. Nardog (talk) 11:01, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Stéphanois
Was browsing the page for Saint-Étienne and noticed that the demonym is Stéphanois(e). Is there any particular reason why two different forms of the name are used, and is this a particularly common phenomenon? GalacticShoe (talk) 21:42, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * People from the Netherlands are called Dutch, and those from Monaco are called Monégasques. --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  21:49, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah I should clarify, I mean to ask if there are other examples where a place named after a person (in this case Saint Stephen) has different forms of the person's name used for the actual place and its demonym. In this case, more than anything, I'm just curious how different versions of the name ended up being used for the city and its population. GalacticShoe (talk) 22:00, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I can't think of another example named after a person, but is it really a different case from Mancunian or Salopian? ColinFine (talk) 11:10, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * For clarity, the connection is that Étienne is "Inherited from Old French Estiene, inherited from Vulgar Latin Stephenus".
 * A Reference Desk thread earlier this year, Latin-based demonyms?, failed to find any reason why people revert to Latin to describe themselves, except that it might sound more prestigious. Alansplodge (talk) 12:14, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * And another example from our List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities; the inhabitants of São Luís, Maranhão in Portugal are called "Ludovicense". Alansplodge (talk) 12:22, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * A change to Latin for prestige purposes makes sense, thanks for the insight @Alansplodge and @ColinFine! GalacticShoe (talk) 14:23, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Similarly in French: Saint-Louis -> Ludovicien. -- Asclepias (talk) 15:29, 12 August 2023 (UTC)