Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2023 November 21

= November 21 =

Use of capital "J" as a substitute for the digit "I"
Hello, I'm looking for a reference to cite in the article 1 regarding the use of the capital letter "J" as a substitute for the Roman numeral. An example is shown in this image of a clock in Venice. The only information that I can find is this blog post where it appears lower it arises from the lower-case "j" swash variant of. I'd really appreciate a reliable source for this! Thanks Polyamorph (talk) 09:31, 21 November 2023 (UTC)


 * @Polyamorph: The clock in your picture does not have Roman numerals. I think you mean Arabic numeral 1. There is some reference to your suggestion at J. Bazza (talk) 10:10, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks ah yes, sorry I wasn't clear. It is representing the Arabic numeral 1 but the origin seems to be from it's use as a Roman numeral. Or this might be pure speculation. In the article you cite it states: The letter J used to be used as the swash letter I, used for the letter I at the end of Roman numerals when following another I, as in XXIIJ or xxiij instead of XXIII or xxiii for the Roman numeral twenty-three. but this is not explicitly referenced. Is there a source for this? Polyamorph (talk) 10:14, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * @Polyamorph: A nice diversion for this morning! Roman_numerals has a bit more, including a 13th century sample for "iiij", which predates the referenced emergence of "J" as a separate latter in my earlier link. However, your original requirement was for a definitive reference that states "J" is just a fancy rendition of "I" in such circumstances, and on that I have drawn a blank (so far). Bazza (talk) 10:41, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * thanks for looking, and I'm glad you enjoyed the distraction! Polyamorph (talk) 19:21, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Before the 17th century, "I" and "J" were the same letter (as also "U" and "V"). AnonMoos (talk) 11:10, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * There were certain typographical conventions, though, like using a majuscule but a minuscule :  versus  – but not quite consistently: see the coexistence of  and  on this title page. I don't know when a typographical (not orthographic) majuscule  made its appearance.  --Lambiam 14:22, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah, Ok. The sentence I'm trying to source reads: "Occasionally, the uppercase J may have been used as a substitute for the numeral .[citation needed]". I want to provide a citation. I have references for the use of the lower case j in the place of i, particularly as as the final numeral to prevent forgery. But I can't find a suitable reference for the capital J in the context of numerals. It doesn't necessarily have to explain that clock which combines J with the Arabic numerals, since that might be obscure use limited to the particular locale in Venice. Polyamorph (talk) 19:47, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The only examples I can find of upper case Roman numerals etc., like here, are from a period when orthographically the use of ⟨j⟩ as a letter in a word was already reserved for the consonant or semi-vowel. So these are clearly upper-case versions of the much more common  etc.  --Lambiam 22:40, 21 November 2023 (UTC)


 * This has been discussed previously at least once: Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2014 June 1. -- Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  18:54, 21 November 2023 (UTC)


 * The clock face is not a unique use of a for the  Arabic numeral digit . I found quite a few more, and even uses of a minuscule, as in .  --Lambiam 14:03, 22 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Amazing, impressive research skills! Polyamorph (talk) 23:29, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

Inverted exclamation mark
I don't usually read the i newspaper, but last Thursday I did. I see that it has a puzzle pullout section in the middle. So last night I turned to the "Word Ladder". The instructions read:

"Convert the word at the top of the ladder into the word at the bottom of it, using only the four rungs in between. On each rung, you must put a valid four-letter word that is identical to the word above it, apart from a one-letter change.   There may be more than one way to achieve this."

My solution was SOME>SAME>SANE>SANK>WA*K>WALK. Rather surprised at this, I turned to the solutions on page 48, which gave SOME>SAME>SALE>TALE>TALK>WALK. My first effort got to SOME>SAME>SALE before I got stuck. Do the setters consider all the different words solvers might come up with before submitting their puzzles for publication in a family newspaper? 2A02:C7B:301:3D00:9050:32D9:B298:5C82 (talk) 19:20, 21 November 2023 (UTC)


 * Why would they? If you considered (and used) a particular word then you already had knowledge of it. Bazza (talk) 19:54, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, please use section headers which have some relevance to what you are asking. I know your choice is an amusing and possibly clever reference to "i", but it's not helpful for other readers or the archives. Bazza (talk) 19:57, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Using the list of 4-letter Scrabble words from the Australian Scrabble Players Association I find 132 ladders connecting SOME to WALK in five steps. Here is a random selection of ten of these ladders:
 * SOME-POME-POLE-PALE-WALE-WALK  SOME-SAME-WAME-WAKE-WALE-WALK
 * SOME-SAME-SALE-BALE-BALK-WALK  SOME-SOLE-SALE-GALE-WALE-WALK
 * SOME-SAME-SALE-DALE-WALE-WALK  SOME-SOLE-SALE-WALE-WALD-WALK
 * <tt>SOME-SAME-SALE-MALE-WALE-WALK</tt>  <tt>SOME-SOLE-SALE-WALE-WALY-WALK</tt>
 * <tt>SOME-SAME-SALE-WALE-WALY-WALK</tt>  <tt>SOME-TOME-TAME-TALE-TALK-WALK</tt>
 * --Lambiam 09:31, 22 November 2023 (UTC)