Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Miscellaneous/2017 September 12

= September 12 =

Careers that involve both law and IT
Are there any careers that involve both law and IT? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Uncle dan is home (talk • contribs) 00:47, 12 September 2017 (UTC)


 * 1) A lawyer specializing in IT law, like the antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft.


 * 2) An IT specialist working with a law database, say to find case law based on partial queries.


 * 3) An expert witness on IT matters. StuRat (talk) 02:03, 12 September 2017 (UTC)


 * 4) A developer of legal software. See LexisNexis and Abacus Data Systems for example. Clarityfiend (talk) 06:04, 12 September 2017 (UTC)


 * There is an entire branch of law called "information technology law" this page discusses some of the careers in said field. The well-known Mike Godwin (from the eponymous law) works in the field.  -- Jayron 32 11:04, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * A patent attorney working in some software fields will deal with a lot of IT. MChesterMC (talk) 14:43, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

What steps do I need to take if I want to become a patent agent in Canada? (the Canadian equivalent of a patent attorney) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Uncle dan is home (talk • contribs) 20:23, 12 September 2017 (UTC)


 * See Patent attorney. 92.8.216.51 (talk) 09:46, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

The article isn't very helpful.What do I do if I want to start working in patent law before I'm eligible to take an exam in the first place?Uncle dan is home (talk) 03:37, 14 September 2017 (UTC)


 * Start by looking at .  Jobs are at .   The examinations are very difficult to pass, .   Past examination papers are at . 92.8.216.51 (talk) 10:13, 14 September 2017 (UTC)


 * Institutional review board staff can include an IT lawyer. Because computers are used more and more for research, the IRB often requires someone who knows the law and knows IT to make a good decision about request to the IRB. 209.149.113.5 (talk) 11:36, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

Where can I get Pure Organic Aloe Vera Juice in India.
Hi I am a looking for fresh and pure Organic Aloe Vera Juice in India. Stores or Online is fine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Agrifarming (talk • contribs) 11:31, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Respectfully, this is not a shopping forum. Copying your query into a search engine yields many such sites, e.g:
 * —2606:A000:4C0C:E200:E47B:CDC9:8A2E:CA14 (talk) 16:40, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

Popular products that are only officially sold in the United States
What are examples of popular consumer products (food, beverages, clothing, merchandise, cars, etc.) that are only officially sold in the United States? Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 13:01, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * DVDs locked to DVD region code 1. Blooteuth (talk) 14:34, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Well I'm sure there are some DVDs locked to region code 1 which are only officially sold in the US, it's definitely not the vast majority of them as region 1 also covers Canada. Nil Einne (talk) 17:01, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Many popular restaurant chains only have U.S. locations. Some examples: Panera Bread, Jack in the Box, and Sonic Drive-In.  Many gas stations/convenience stores also, Sheetz, the Exxon brand (outside of the U.S., the parent company uses the Esso brand), Speedway, etc. -- Jayron 32 14:41, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * And some things are regional. No Speedways in Minnesota. Instead, they're called SuperAmerica. They even use the same jingle as Speedway. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 15:47, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Indeed. Like Hardee's and Carl's Jr..  Same menu, same logo, different brand name.  -- Jayron 32 16:58, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'd imagine most beers not sold by the Evil Empire of InBev fall into this category. (I know Budweiser is sold in Europe under the name "Bud") As an example I know for certain, Yuengling distributes to less than 20 states, but is fairly popular where it is available. Xenon54 (talk) 16:15, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * In fact, Budweiser is sold in Europe under the name... Budweiser. "Bud" is used in some advertising campaigns, but the bottles and packs usually if not always say Budweiser, so far as I know.   Ghmyrtle (talk) 15:10, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * No, Budweiser Budvar Brewery is "Budweiser" in some European countries, and the US product uses another name. Budweiser trademark dispute says: Where AB InBev has lost cases, it markets its product as "Bud" (as in Italy)[23] or as "Anheuser-Busch B" (in Germany).[24] In 2013, AB InBev was granted an EU-wide Community Trade Mark for the use of "Bud", after winning a related court case against Budvar.[25] jnestorius(talk) 00:54, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The American rice beer is sold in Britain as Budweiser. If it wasn't so revolting I'd buy a bottle and take a photograph of it next to the receipt to prove it. DuncanHill (talk) 01:54, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually, in the U.S. with the growth of the craft beer industry (and stores to cater to it), you can usually get almost any beer in any major metro area. I shop at Total Wine, which has a large beer selection, and I can get beers from just about anywhere in the country.  If I ask nice enough, they'll even order and stock beers they don't already carry.  You can get Yeungling anywhere.  -- Jayron 32 16:58, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Indiana became the 20th state where Yeungling is distributed in March 2017. State and local laws on alcohol distribution and sales are complex. Rmhermen (talk) 20:54, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Beer distribution laws in the U.S. are designed and intended to squash competition and protect cartels which control beer distribution. Many states have a limited number of approved distributors that brewers are required to use to distribute their product; there are ways around that at both the brewer end and the store end; both brewers and stores are allowed to avoid the cartel and self-distribute so long as they produce or sell below a certain threshold.This article describes the situation in North Carolina, which is similar to the arrangements in most states.  -- Jayron 32 12:42, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Since this is mostly about food, there are some things I have not found abroad. I cannot make a statement about every country. I have only traveled to Canada, Mexico, Panama, Bermuda, Antigua, Brazil, Columbia, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Turkey, Greece, Italy, France, Spain, England, Norway, Germany, Georgia, India, Australia, China, and Japan. That doesn't cover even half the world. Peanut butter is very hard to find. They have some nut creams of other varieties, but not peanut butter. Even in Nigeria, the peanut capital of the world (at the time), they didn't have it. In Antigua, you could order it and it would arrive in a month or so. In Europe, everyone laughed when I explained what peanut butter was. The other impossible item is a slice of real pizza. Again, you can find it if you are in Canada, very close to the border. Elsewhere, they do their own thing and call it pizza. I've gone so far as to make pizza myself to show others what pizza looks and tastes like. They don't get it. Pizza must have a crust - that is the fight to begin with. It isn't wrapped in a hard shell or put between two slices of bread. Real pizza is made with marinara sauce, not pesto or fish paste. It uses mozzarella cheese - and a hell of a lot of it. In Japan, I couldn't even get cheese on a "pizza." Just finding bread, marinara sauce, and mozzarella cheese has been impossible. You'd think that you could find it in Italy, even though pizza in American and not Italian. They have bread. They have marinara sauce. They have mozzarella cheese. They just don't seem to understand why anyone would mix them together. Oh - and never order pepperoni in Italy. It isn't pepperoni. As I typed this, I remembered one more thing I haven't seen abroad: Hershey's chocolate. I think that is a good thing. Once you've had chocolate in Europe, you quickly lose your taste for the waxy American stuff. 209.149.113.5 (talk) 19:18, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Peanut butter is, of course, widely available in the UK. Perhaps English peanut butter and pizza don't live up to American expectations?    D b f i r s   19:53, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Here in the Netherlands you can buy peanut butter in every supermarket. &#40;&#40;&#40;The Quixotic Potato&#41;&#41;&#41; (talk) 20:03, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Here in the UK you can buy Hershey's chocolate at any Tesco, so presumably somebody does. Weird, eh? --Antiquary (talk) 21:51, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Peanut butter has infiltrated Canada too, along with most other dastardly American goods. Clarityfiend (talk) 23:47, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * How about this evil combo of peanut butter and jelly: ?  I would expect anyone who tried to smuggle that into another nation would be arrested for introducing a toxic substance. :-) StuRat (talk) 00:43, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Just as a personal anecdote, both peanut butter and pizza are very easy to find here in the Philippines; we even have our own local peanut butter and pizza brands. In the case of peanut butter, it's considered a middle-class food and isn't as popular as it is in the US, but pretty much every supermarket has it. Hersey's chocolate is not only sold here, but the ones sold here are not even produced in America, but rather in nearby Indonesia or Malaysia; Hershey's chocolate is mildly popular here in Southeast Asia. Then again, our history may have something to do with how American products that are otherwise uncommon outside of America are easily found here. Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 01:32, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Goober is or was sold in Malaysia, and alsois sold New Zealand, although I'm not sure if it's officially sold in NZ. I don't know when 209 visited Australia but I'm quite sure despite never having been there that peanut butter is sold there, almost definitely widely, because at least some of those sold in NZ are from Australia or otherwise have some indication they are sold in Australia. This includes both the cheap mass produced varieties with with added sugar and oils etc, and also the fancier expensive ones which often say they are just peanuts perhaps with salt sometimes. (I seem to recall although can't seem to find it that one of the new fancier Countdown outlets in a posh suburb had a machine to make peanut butter in store. Since Countdown is owned by Woolworth's the Australian company, I wouldn't be surprised if they have this in Australia too.) As I understand it, the earlier category is probably at least partially an American influence . Nil Einne (talk) 13:20, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It was 87. I went to Carnarvon. The grocery store had various nut butters, but not peanut butter. I believe it was Woolworths, but that is far too long ago for me to remember. I had to Google the proper spelling of Carnarvon. I tried macadamia butter and cashew butter. I hated the macadamia, but the cashew butter was OK. Pizza simply didn't exist there at the time. 209.149.113.5 (talk) 13:58, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * FWIW, in the UK Woolworths was never (to my knowledge as a 60-y-o Brit) a 'grocery store'. Some branches sold a range of sandwiches and other lunchtime comestibles for workers on lunchbreak, and all sold sweets, chocolate bars and the like, but no-one would have gone there to buy larder items. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.200.137.12 (talk) 14:55, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I am a 47 year old Briton. We used to buy clotted cream and pate in Woolworth's as well as cold meats such as haslet. We also bought seed potatoes there. DuncanHill (talk) 01:57, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I've found peanut butter in Switzerland. The grocery store has two varieties (chunky and smooth) and both have American labeling on them.  One of the things that irks me in Europe is that they don't seem to know what a hot dog bun is.  Sausages are available (including ones called "hot dogs") but if they come with bread, it is generally either a random side of bread or the sausage is actually enveloped by bread.  The convenient split bun is not on offer here.  I also had a hard time finding jelly beans and Cadbury eggs at Easter, but that seems to be a Swiss thing since you can get them in neighboring countries.  Pizza is very common here, but you are right that it is not the same as US pizza.  Dragons flight (talk) 09:56, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * "Conveniently split buns" are typically sold in kit form, where you get a (single use) plain bun and a (reusable) knife. Some assembly is required ;-). --Stephan Schulz (talk) 10:05, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Ah, but then you have the New England-style hot dog bun which has cut sides to allow it to be buttered and toasted on a grille. Most areas of the U.S. don't even have these, which is a shame, because a grilled bun with whatever served in it (hot dog, clams, lobster, etc.) is sublimely fantastic.  -- Jayron 32 11:11, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * As shown so far, there is always an exception. For hot dogs, I found an absolutely great hot dog place in Beijing. They toasted the bun and had grilled onions and cheese. Cheese is normally hard to get in China, but this place had it. I went back twice after the first visit because I was having personal issues with the normal Chinese cuisine. I agree that buns are normally hard to find, as are hot dogs. In Norway, I found a place that had hot dogs and sausages, but I couldn't figure out how to order a hot dog. The guy kept trying to give me a sausage. So, I ended up with a sausage drowned in sauerkraut on a slice of white bread instead of a hot dog. The lady behind me ordered a "wiener" and got a hot dog. Damn. 209.149.113.5 (talk) 11:21, 13 September 2017 (UTC)


 * You have to be careful when asking for that. :-) StuRat (talk) 14:40, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

To qualify a product as truly "sold only in the United States" one would have to know that it is not retailed by any of the more than 245 American military commissaries around the world. Blooteuth (talk) 19:27, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Can't buy U.S. savings bonds anywhere else. They're not wildly popular, but they get around. InedibleHulk (talk) 00:56, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Aren't those sold online to any "Civilian employee of the United States, no matter where you live"? &#40;&#40;&#40;The Quixotic Potato&#41;&#41;&#41; (talk)  08:09, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I missed a "from" before "anywhere else". Buyers can be anywhere in this newfangled virtual world, but the Treasury is still essentially an American business. Pretty sure its servers are physically in the US. InedibleHulk (talk) 15:45, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * On the same principle you will see mustard, pepper, salt and sugar on restaurant tables and salt and sauce packets in takeaway meals.  Chacun à son goût! 92.8.216.51 (talk) 11:21, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear, other than some specific brands such as those mentioned by Jayron way up near the top, virtually all the items discussed previously are available in Canada. My local grocer has dozens of varieties of peanut butter, with varying degrees of crunchiness or smoothness and I could pick from literally a dozen different pizza chains without leaving my section of town, including Domino's and Pizza Hut. The comment that you might find such things only "close to the border" is ludicrous; there's a Boston Pizza in Yellowknife (and one down the block from me currently). Matt Deres (talk) 14:38, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Here's a list .  Australians abroad complain they can't get their favourite spread, Vegemite, although they don't have the problem in New Zealand .   Not many people know that it was made by an American company till this year. 92.8.216.51 (talk) 15:06, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * If you're in the UK (not Germany) and near an old site for a US military base, then there's a good chance there'll be an "American shop" somewhere. It specialises in these food products that aren't otherwise available. At Halloween to Christmas, some of them double in size to fit all the candy canes etc. Andy Dingley (talk) 16:00, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * A propos 'American shop', and since Dragons flight mentioned Switzerland: The English language section of a large bookstore in Zurich also sells some US and British food products you normally can't get here. I wish they had their selection online, I never paid enough attention (they catch the right audience of course, but it's overpriced, and they don't have Graham crackers, which I really miss). I remember they sell Raisin Bran and Cheerios which I don't recall seeing in any normal shops around here. Ok, this didn't answer the OP's question, as I know Graham Crackers and Raisin Bran can be bought in some countries outside US. . ---Sluzzelin talk  17:05, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I've discovered American shops away from American bases as well. They are usually clubs, bars, or restaurants with an "American" theme. The first one I stumbled upon was in Tromso, Norway. The name was Norwegian for "Club America." They served hamburgers and fries (actually reindeer burgers). The walls had a weird mix of Americana, such as the trunk of an old Chevy sticking out of the wall with ET popping out of the trunk. They had a variety of American products. In my opinion, this is very similar to restaurants in America. Our local Greek restaurant carries various Greek products that they import directly from Greece (and real Greek olive oil does taste different than American olive oil). The Japanese restaurant near my office carries some Japanese soda and candy that I never see in stores here. The soda has a marble in the top. The candy is High Chew. We also have a German restaurant that has some vaguely European stuff for sale, such as Milka bars. So, I expect that any American product that has interest is for sale somewhere outside of the United States. 209.149.113.5 (talk) 17:36, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I imagine there are som brands of guns that are only sold in the US. Maybe some other products that are regulated differently by other governments. Other weapons? Certain drugs? Staecker (talk) 16:52, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I imagine most products with a national rather than regional market in the US would also be sold in Canada. jnestorius(talk) 00:58, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Not DirecTV. InedibleHulk (talk) 01:40, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

Music box part identification
What is the name for the part of the music box that looks like a metal comb and makes the sound as it is "plucked" by the rotating cylinder? 209.149.113.5 (talk) 19:25, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * See the Wikipedia article titled music box where it identifies the comb's teeth as lamellae or latin for "tiny pieces of metal", see the related article lamellophone which describes other instruments that use the same basic structure. -- Jayron 32 19:30, 12 September 2017 (UTC)


 * Minor correction: lamella means "thin plate, scale, layer or membrane", from the same root as in lamination; it does not mean tiny piece of metal except indirectly in this context. Laminated wood is not made of tiny bits of metal. μηδείς (talk) 19:51, 14 September 2017 (UTC)


 * Usually the "comb". Funny, that. Andy Dingley (talk) 01:33, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes. like this. Alansplodge (talk) 17:27, 13 September 2017 (UTC)