Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2020 November 15

= November 15 =

What's the quantity range of urine that a normal person has at one urination?
What's the quantity range of urine that a normal person has at one urination? I found the normal range for 24 hours only.--ThePupil (talk) 08:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)


 * According to urinary bladder it's between 300 and 500ml.--Shantavira|feed me 08:34, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * That sounds above average to me, both the bladder and the stomach explode slightly above 2 liters. (though this should only happen if a blockage prevents involuntary micturition or reflux) Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 09:39, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Also without explosion, withholding relief may be life-threatening; see Tycho Brahe. --Lambiam 10:12, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * That article shows he could only urinate tiny amounts with excruciating pain, that's constricted enough to plausibly burst bladder if he didn't die of urine toxins in the blood first as they suggest. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 19:33, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * With a 16.6% prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms in individuals aged 40 years, this condition is so common, though, that we should not consider people having it "abnormal". The prevalence increases with age, rising to 35% of those aged over 75 years old. With the same volume of urine output per day but a higher frequency, the quantity passed at one urination will be accordingly smaller; 150mL would not be abnormal. --Lambiam 10:12, 15 November 2020 (UTC)


 * As concerns Tycho Brahe, enlarged prostate, says "BPH typically begins after the age of 40. Half of males age 50 and over are affected. After the age of 80 about 90% of males are affected...Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control." I'm sure others have considered this but I just thought I'd point it out. Bus stop (talk) 19:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Is there a term for prey wrapped in silk?
I couldn't find it in Glossary of spider terms. I checked Nuptial gift and didn't see it there either. I learned from the article on Spider silk that the type of silk used for the practice is aciniform silk, but I can't a term for the practice itself, or for the end-product of the practice: an animal wrapped in silk. —Haikon 11:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * "Wrapping" is used in The evolution of prey-wrapping behaviour in spiders. --jpgordon&#x1d122;&#x1d106; &#x1D110;&#x1d107; 16:59, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * "Package" and "enswathe" are also used. Nice image of spider spinneret. Bus stop (talk) 17:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I believe that answers it.  I wanted to know if there was a fancy, ten-dollar, Greek word for it, but apparently there is none.  I guess that kind of jargon went out of style years before spider behavior was given scientific attention.  These days, arachnologists seem to use vernacular expressions interchangeably: "wrapping"; "curtaining"; "enswathing" (as you've said); "taping session" is something Barrantes and Eberhard said once in that paper.  The closest thing to an official term for the silk-enclosed-mealwad seems to be "prey bundle", but "prey package" might be equally officiial.  (In any case, I'm confident that it's not accurate to call it "a cocoon", which is what made me wonder: someone called it a cocoon, and I knew either they were kinda wrong, or I was absolutely wrong about how expansive the definition of "cocoon" was.).  —Haikon 21:02, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Units of values obtained bx XRF
Specifically, Table 4 in this sources gives some numerical values but it doesn't indicate what the value measures. Promille? Percent? ppm? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 21:21, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * For trace elements the rock analysis is just about always ppm (of mass). See Table 2 for a clue about that. Only the major elements (oxides) are given by percent. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 21:35, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

27th Amendment
"No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened."

There exist a comment that this Amendment limits the pay raises given to the member of Congress. How does this statement (especially the last part I highlighted), limit the same? Thanks AboutFace 22 (talk) 22:09, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * The question does not call for a scientific reference. This article explains how this most recent amendement to the US Constitution was one of the earliest proposed, taking over 202 years to be ratified. It prevents elected representatives from changing their own salaries immediately they enter office. It appears that their permissible salary increase is limited to cost-of-living adjustments. 84.209.119.241 (talk) 22:45, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

I am surprised to see my post in the Science desk. I think I posted in Humanities. Thank you for the pointer. AboutFace 22 (talk) 23:33, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
 * You could move it to Humanities if you want. In any case, the point of the amendment is that they can raise their salaries, but it can't take effect until after an election. That way, if you don't approve of the raise, you can help vote the guy out of office. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 23:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

I have no idea how to move this post to another desk. Could you do it Bugs?
 * Edit this section, copy the text, post it in a new section on another desk, then come back here and replace the above with a comment that it's been moved to whatever desk. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 17:56, 17 November 2020 (UTC)