Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/July 20

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 * 1333 – Second War of Scottish -: The Scottish-held town of Berwick-upon-Tweed surrendered to English forces, ending a siege led by King Edward III.
 * 1793 – Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie reached the Pacific coast at Bella Coola, British Columbia, completing the first recorded transcontinental crossing of North America north of Mexico.
 * 1807 – French brothers Claude and Nicéphore Niépce received a patent for their Pyréolophore, one of the world's first internal combustion engines.
 * 1950 – Korean War: After a month-long campaign, much of the North Korean air force was destroyed by United Nations forces.
 * 1968 – The first games of the Special Olympics (athletes pictured), for athletes with intellectual disabilities, were held at Soldier Field in Chicago.
 * 1976 – The Viking 1 lander became the first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars and perform its mission.
 * 1977 – Rain from a stalled thunderstorm caused six dams to fail, flooding Johnstown, Pennsylvania, resulting in 84 deaths and $340 in damages.
 * 1982 – Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent's Park in London, killing eleven British Army personnel and seven horses.
 * 1997 – USS Constitution, one of the United States Navy's original six frigates, sailed for the first time in 116 years after a full restoration.
 * 2001 – The animated film Spirited Away, written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, was released, becoming the highest-grossing film in Japanese history until 2020.
 * 2001 – Twenty-three-year-old Italian anti-globalist Carlo Giuliani was shot dead by a police officer while protesting outside the 27th G8 summit held in Genoa, Italy.
 * 2012 – A gunman carried out a mass shooting at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
 * 2015 – A suicide attack in Suruç, Turkey, for which Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility, killed 34 people and injured 104 others.
 * Born/died this day: | Alexander the Great |b|356 BC| Ibn Muqla |d|940| Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray |d|1332| Robert Wallop |b|1601| Anne Hutchinson|baptised|1591| Peregrine White|d|1704| Gregor Mendel |b|1822| Clements Markham |b|1830| Patriarch Miron of Romania |b|1868|Tom Crean |b|1877| Wiley Rutledge|b|1894| Maurice Leyland|b|1900| Felix Dzerzhinsky|d|1926| Heather Chasen|b|1927| Panagiotis Kavvadias|d|1928| Anna Vyrubova|d|1964| Chris Cornell|b|1964| Amanda Clement|d|1971| Birgitta Ohlsson|b|1975| |Gisele Bündchen|b|1980|