Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/July 23

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 * 1319 – A fleet led by the Knights Hospitaller sank 22 of 28 ships of the Turkish Aydinid emirate.
 * 1829 – William Austin Burt was awarded a patent for the typographer, the first practical typewriting machine.
 * 1891 – During a visit of the French Navy to Kronstadt in Russia, the two nations reached a secret agreement on a joint response to any future war in Europe.
 * 1921 – The first National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party opened in a house in Shanghai.
 * 1940 – Sumner Welles, U.S. Under Secretary of State, issued a declaration that the U.S. government would not recognize the Soviet Union's annexation of the Baltic states.
 * 1968 – A shootout between police and a Black power group began in Cleveland, Ohio, sparking three days of rioting.
 * 1982 – A helicopter crashed during the filming of Twilight Zone: The Movie in Valencia, California, killing three people and leading to new safety standards.
 * 1984 – Vanessa Williams, the first African-American Miss America, was forced to resign after the magazine Penthouse published nude photos of her without consent.
 * 1995 – Hale–Bopp (pictured), one of the most widely observed comets of the 20th century, was independently discovered by astronomers Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp.
 * 2001 – Megawati Sukarnoputri (pictured) became the first female president of Indonesia after her predecessor Abdurrahman Wahid was removed from office.


 * Born/died: | He Ning |d|955| John Day|d|1584| Bonaventura Peeters the Elder|b|1614| Henry Norris|b|1865| Louis T. Wright|b|1891| Red Dutton|b|1897| John Babcock|b|1900| Tajuddin Ahmad|b|1925| Vera Rubin|b|1928|Saulius Skvernelis|b|1970| Judit Polgár|b|1976| Olivia Manning|d|1980| Daniel Radcliffe|b|1989| Lauren Mitchell|b|1991| Hassan II of Morocco|d|1999| Amy Winehouse|d|2011|