Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 21

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 * 1345 – Hundred Years' War: The English victory at the Battle of Auberoche marked a change in the military balance of power in Aquitaine, with the subsequent collapse of the French position.
 * 1854 – Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses and 15 nuns were sent to the Ottoman Empire to help treat wounded British soldiers fighting in the Crimean War.
 * 1858 – French composer Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld, featuring the music most associated with the can-can (audio featured), was first performed at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens in Paris.
 * 1910 – HMS Niobe (1897) arrived in Halifax Harbour to become the first large ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.
 * 1944 – World War II: The three-week-long Battle of Aachen concluded, making the city the first on German soil to be captured by the Allies.
 * 1959 – The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, opened in New York City.
 * 1966 – A coal tip fell on the village of Aberfan, Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren.
 * 1978 – After reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft, Australian pilot Frederick Valentich disappeared while piloting a Cessna 182L across the Bass Strait to King Island.
 * 1983 – At the 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures, the length of a metre was redefined as the distance that light travels in vacuum in $1/299,792,458$ of a second.
 * 1994 – North Korea and the United States signed the Agreed Framework to limit the former's nuclear weapons program and to normalize relations between the two countries.


 * Born/died this day: | Henry Lawes |d|1662| Edmund Waller |d|1687| John Cooke |d|1805| Sims Reeves|b|1821| Maria Dulębianka |b|1861|  Isabelle Eberhardt |d|1904| Georg Solti |b|1912   Ursula K. Le Guin |b|1929|Dorothy Hale |d|1938|   Einár |d|2021

October 21


 * 1096 – First Crusade: At the Battle of Civetot, the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan destroyed the army of the People's Crusade as it marched toward Nicaea.
 * 1867 – The first and second of three treaties were signed near Medicine Lodge, Kansas, between the United States federal government and several Native American tribes in the Great Plains, requiring them to relocate to areas in present-day western Oklahoma.
 * 1941 – World War II: German soldiers massacred nearly 2,800 Serbs in Kragujevac in reprisal for insurgent attacks in the district of Gornji Milanovac.
 * 1968 – At the height of the Japanese university protests, protestors occupied Tokyo's Shinjuku Station and clashed violently with police.
 * 1994 – In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people were killed and 17 others injured when a span of the Seongsu Bridge collapsed (pictured).