Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 31

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 * 475 – Romulus Augustulus took the throne as the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
 * 1517 – According to one account, Martin Luther(depicted) posted his Ninety-five Theses onto the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, present-day Germany, marking the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
 * 1913 – Public-transportation workers in Indianapolis went on strike (pictured), shutting down mass transit in the city.
 * 1941 – Approximately 400 workers completed the 60-foot (18 m) busts of U.S. presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln at Mount Rushmore in South Dakota.
 * 1973 – Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escaped from Mountjoy Prison in Dublin aboard a hijacked helicopter that landed in the prison's exercise yard.
 * 1984 – Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi (pictured) was assassinated by two of her own Sikh bodyguards, sparking riots that resulted in the deaths of thousands of Sikhs.
 * 1999 – All 217 people on board EgyptAir Flight 990 perished when the aircraft suddenly crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts.
 * 1999 – Australian sailor Jesse Martin arrived in Melbourne, becoming the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe solo, non-stop, and unassisted.
 * 2005 – The discovery of the Plutonian moons Nix and Hydra, based on photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope nearly five months prior, was announced.


 * Born/died: | Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile |d|1214| Cornelis Jol |d|1641| Anne Claude de Caylus |b|1692| John Keats |b|1795| Edmund Sharpe |b|1809| Marie Louise Andrews |b|1849| Juliette Gordon Low |b|1860| Charles A. Wickliffe |d|1869| Natalie Clifford Barney |b|1876|   Michael Collins |b|1930| Dave McNally |b|1942|  Bill Kibby |d|1942 Larry Mullen Jr. |b|1961|Greg Moore |d|1999

October 31: Halloween

Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum]] in Indianapolis killed 81 people and injured about 400 others.
 * 1917 – World War I: Allied forces defeated Turkish troops in Beersheba in Southern Palestine at the Battle of Beersheba, with the battle involving one of the last successful cavalry charges.
 * 1941 – More than 101 crew members of the USS Reuben James perished when their vessel became the first U.S. Navy ship sunk by hostile action during World War II after it was torpedoed by the German submarine U-552.
 * 1963 – A gas explosion at the [[Indiana Farmers Coliseum|
 * 2003 – After 22 years in power, Tun Mahathir Mohamad retired as Prime Minister of Malaysia.
 * 2015 – Shortly after takeoff, Metrojet Flight 9268 (pictured) exploded and then crashed into the Sinai Peninsula, killing all 224 people on board.