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 Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder which develops during childhood. It is characterized by tics such as blinking, coughing, sniffing, or facial movements that are a somewhat suppressible response to an unwanted urge. Once considered rare, Tourette's occurs in about 1% of people under eighteen, although many go undiagnosed or never seek medical care. There is no specific test for diagnosis and Tourette's is not always correctly identified because most cases are mild. Extreme cases in adulthood are rare and Tourette's does not affect intelligence or life expectancy. Education is an integral part of any treatment plan, and explanation and reassurance are often sufficient. The cause is believed to involve unknown genetic and environmental factors. The condition was named for Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who published an account of nine patients in 1885.