Wikipedia:USEP/Courses/JHU MolBio Ogg SP14/Group 81F

Gene Cluster
The Gene Cluster article is slightly bigger than a stub, but Wikipedia still classifies it as a stub. It contains some links to other Wikipedia pages and it also references one book. There are no citations of scientific journal publications yet. It gives a broad overview of gene clusters and explains their relevance to evolution briefly. It gives just one example of a gene cluster. There are no figures or images. It does stay neutral, although it mentions an author's "classic book" which could be construed as opinion and is probably not beneficial to the article.

Bibliography (initial)
 * 1) Sherwood EJ, Hesketh AR, Bibb MJ. Cloning and analysis of the planosporicin lantibiotic biosynthetic gene cluster of Planomonospora alba. J Bacteriol. 2013;195(10):2309-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475977
 * 2) Higgs DR, Vickers MA, Wilkie AO, Pretorius IM, Jarman AP, Weatherall DJ. A review of the molecular genetics of the human alpha-globin gene cluster. Blood. 1989;73(5):1081-104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2649166
 * 3) Hardison R, Miller W. Use of long sequence alignments to study the evolution and regulation of mammalian globin gene clusters. Mol Biol Evol. 1993;10(1):73-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8383794

Differentiation-inducing Factor
This article is a stub containing only a few sentences and no images or figures. It does include links to other relevant Wikipedia pages, as well as reference to one scientific article about differentiation-inducing factors. This article would benefit from images/figures to help show the structure and function of these factors. It does a good job of being neutral but there is a lot more information that can be added. This is a topic of many ongoing studies so more information will need to be added as scientists learn more.

Bibliography (initial)
 * 1) Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H, Matsuo Y, Oshima Y, Homma Y. Mitochondria are the target organelle of differentiation-inducing factor-3, an anti-tumor agent isolated from dictyostelium discoideum. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(8):e72118. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23977224
 * 2) Nakajima-shimada J, Hatabu T, Hosoi Y, et al. Derivatives of Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation-inducing factor-3 suppress the activities of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;85(11):1603-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511088
 * 3) Jingushi K, Nakamura T, Takahashi-yanaga F, et al. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 suppresses the expression of c-Myc in the human cancer cell lines. J Pharmacol Sci. 2013;121(2):103-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357875
 * 4) Sprio AE, Di scipio F, Ceppi P, et al. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 enhances 5-fluorouracil action on oral cancer cells inhibiting E2F1 and thymidylate synthase mRNAs accumulation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012;69(4):983-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139443

Polysomy
This article is a stub, containing a short paragraph and no figures or images. It includes one link to a relevant Wikipedia page. In addition, it contains only one reference, which is a glossary. The article is broad and stable. It is recommended in the article talk page that the Manual of Style for medical-related articles be followed and also recommends that high-quality medical resources be used. As previously stated, this article contains no images or figures. This topic would greatly benefit from images and figures to provide a visual aid of what polysomy looks. Types of polysomy could also be included. In addition, it gives one example of a disease where polysomy is present and two mechanisms of how polysomy can occur. It would be beneficial to the article to provide a more detailed mechanism as well as figures of how polysomy can occur.

Bibliography (initial)
 * 1) Adds, J., Larkcom, E., & Miller, R. (2001). Genetics, evolution, and biodiversity. (p. 93). Chettenham, United Kingdom: Nelson Thomas Ltd. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=U3RN9tKstLMC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=examples of polysomy&source=bl&ots=hnPWcB6C4G&sig=ck0Pbt9y_wcC61NThBwenJ69k5U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HeYMU8bgDbSqsQT-4IHwCA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAjgK
 * 2) Yeh, I., Martin, M., Robetorye, R., Bolla, A., McCaskill, C., Shah, P., Gorre, M., & Mohammed, M. (2009). Clinical validation of an array cgh test for her2 status in breast cancer reveals that polysomy 17 is a rare event. Modern Pathology, 22, 1169-1175. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.78
 * 3) Elias, S, Shulman, L, Glob. libr. women's med.,(ISSN: 1756-2228) 2008; DOI 10.3843/GLOWM.10358. http://www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/Males%20with%20Polysomy%20Y%20and%20Females%20with%20Polysomy%20X/item/357

Spermatocyte
This article is considered stub, containing only two sentences. The article is broad, neutral, and stable. It also contains images and a breakdown of the male reproductive system. The article is lacking of any references to defend its findings and cite its images. This would need to be corrected. On the article talk page, a user was concerned that the chromosome orientation of the primary and secondary spermatocyte as outlined in the article is incorrect. This user provided information as well as references to defend their reasoning. This concern would need to be investigated. This article would benefit by explaining the process of obtaining a spermatocyte as well as touching on what would occur if mutations occurred during development.

Bibliography (initial)
 * 1) Mays-Hoopes, L.L. (1995). Preparation of Spermatogonia, Spermatocytes, and Round Spermatids for Analysis of Gene Expression Using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. (in: BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 53, 1003-1011)
 * 2) Shakes, D., Neva, B., Huynh, H., Chaudhuri, J., & Pires-daSilva, A. (2010). Assymetric spermatocyte division as a mechanism for controlling sex ratios. Nature Communications, 2, doi: 10.1038/ncomms1160
 * 3) McKinley, M., & O'Loughlin, V. (2005). Human anatomy. (1 ed.). McGraw Hill. Retrieved from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__spermatogenesis__quiz_2_.html
 * 4) LifeMap Sciences, Inc. (2012). Primary spermatocyte. Retrieved from http://discovery.lifemapsc.com/in-vivo-development/testis/seminiferous-tubules/primary-spermatocyte

Article Selection Rationale
Our group was very interested in the articles each member summarized last week; however, other topics were explored as recommended. Additional topics were suggestion, giving consideration to each member's scientific background. The topics were narrowed down to viral transformation, the CAG promoter, gene clusters, and non-disjunction. Based on topic availability and group member interest, the topics were further narrowed down to gene clusters and non-disjunction. Gene clusters was selected as it appealed to each member's interest and scientific curiosity, was still available, and a vast amount of information was available as potential article references. This topic is relevant in many aspects, including our personal interests, the association with some of our course lectures, and in the overall scientific community. It will be a stimulating challenge to add the appropriate information in a suitable and organized manner to make a more robust and higher quality article for the Wikipedia community.

The current gene cluster article is only 3 short paragraphs long and it does not include any images or figures to help visualize the topic, which is one of the key criteria for a “good” Wikipedia article. A quick search on PubMed shows that articles with a mention of gene clusters have been increasing steadily over the last decade, with over 4000 articles last year alone that referenced this topic. There is likely much more to add to the current Wikipedia article on this subject, including the addition of specific examples of gene clusters and their relationship to evolution, disease, and molecular/biological pathways.

Progress Report

 * All of our contributions were prose.

Progress Report of Second Contribution

 * Figures were added to the article as well as the figure Intrachromosomal duplication was added to the Wikipedia Commons.
 * Several wiki links were added throughout the article.
 * The majority of our contributions were prose.

Progress Report of Third Contribution

 * Several wiki links were added throughout the article.
 * Several wiki links were corrected using the pipe symbol, which allows the article to be linked to a specific Wikipedia page without displaying the exact words of the other Wikipedia article.
 * Several suggestions by other members were implemented, such as changing/shortening the titles of sections and creating subheaders under specific sections.
 * The remaining contributions to our article were prose.

Progress Report for Final Contribution

 * The original article began as a short paragraph. Several paragraphs of content were added to the article.
 * Figures were added to the article. The figures for Drosophila Hox genes, Hox genes among phyla, and Tandem duplication were taken from the Wikipedia Commons. The image for Intrachromosomal duplication was obtained from an open access journal and added to the Wikipedia Commons.
 * Over the course of the project, we maintained active interaction with other Wikipedia users. Their suggestions were considered and implemented, such as changing/shortening the titles of sections, creating subheaders under specific sections, using the pipe symbol for wiki links, and grammar.
 * Interaction with other Wikipedia Users, such as Richarnj and Keilana, were found to be very beneficial. Richarnj helped us fix wiki links using the pipe symbol. Keilana and Klortho helped us with formatting.
 * Several wiki links were added throughout the article.
 * The remaining contributions were prose.